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|Directions: Read the following information Mayor Ivan Allen Jr. Does the |

|text agree or disagree with the following statements? |

|Agree |Disagree |Pre-Reading/Text Structure |

| | |Ivan Allen Jr. is credited with leading the city |

| | |through an era of significant physical and economic |

| | |growth and with maintaining calm during the Civil |

| | |Rights Movement. |

| | |Mayor Allen did not support the building of Peachtree|

| | |Center or Atlanta Fulton County Stadium. |

| | |Mayor Allen helped to build the first rapid rail |

| | |service in Atlanta today known as MARTA. |

| | |Mayor Allen did NOT encourage new businesses moving |

| | |to Atlanta because it would create the building of |

| | |skyscrapers and office buildings in the downtown |

| | |area. |

| | |On Mayor Allen’s first day in office, he ordered all |

| | |"white" and "colored" signs removed from city hall, |

| | |and he desegregated the building's cafeteria. |

| | |Mayor Allen did NOT support President John F. |

| | |Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill. |

| | |Allen was also responsible for construction of the |

| | |Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium and for bringing the |

| | |Braves baseball team to Atlanta. |

| | |Mayor Allen was also instrumental in establishing a |

| | |National Football League team, the Atlanta Falcons, |

| | |in 1966, and a professional basketball team, the |

| | |Hawks, in 1968. |

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Lesson Two: Georgia after World War II

Essential Questions:

1. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.

2. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr.,

3. How did major league sports contribute to the growth of Georgia.

4. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.

AKS/GPS Content Standard/s:

SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970.

Individual Highlights:

Inside Story 2

Inside Story 3

Inside Story 4

Inside Story 5

Inside Story 6

Inside Story 7

Last Story 8

Special Interest Articles:

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖ Briefly highlight your point of interest here.

❖

The Governors of Georgia

AKS 41

Talmadge appealed to the rural voter.

Lets Review

1. T F At the end of World War II, most Georgia GIs returned to farming, resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of farms.

2. T F Tractors and other mechanized farm equipment plus improvements in seeds, fertilizer, and pesticides reduced the need for farmers following World War II.

3. T F Most rural counties in Georgia gained population after World War II.

Let’s Review

Good Ole Gene Talmadge Attacked

“The New Deal”

← He warned that The New Deal had communist tendencies

← He urged against the minimum wage: he stated it would hurt private enterprise by paying too high of a wage and it would threaten white supremacy by giving blacks equal pay with whites.

← He urged that Roosevelt not be nominated for a second term

← Talmadge’s fight against the national administration made little headway in Georgia where President Roosevelt and the New Deal became increasingly popular. Georgia elects a new Governor

He does not win re-election!

Talmadge’s Promises

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Good Ole Gene Talmadge Back in Office

“White Supremacy Rules the South”

1. He used the ___________ __________ system to his advantage by appealing to rural voters. He became very powerful and does little to help poor farmers once he enters office.

2. He _________ enemies and became an outspoken opponent to FDR’s New Deal.

3. As a white supremacist, Talmadge was against any sort of ______________ _______________ in _____________.

When two university administrators were accused of supporting school integration, Talmadge succeeded in having them fired because of this Georgia colleges lose accreditation for a while.

Review

1. What did Ed Rivers promise voters?

2. Why was Ed Rivers not re-elected?

Although many changes and improvements occurred during his four year term Rivers must have not realized that funding for these improvements must come from taxes thus, he raised state taxes and will not win re-election.

Good Ole “Gene” back in office!

Ed Rivers

Promised voters he would bring the “New Deal” to Georgia.

Eurith “ED” Rivers

← Eurith Rivers promised to bring the New Deal to Georgia

← Rivers won the election as anti-Talmadge and pro-New Deal.

Georgians began to participate in the “New Deal” programs.

• Created new ___________, ____________, and ________________.

• Created the Georgia _________ __________ and required a license to drive for all those who operated a vehicle.

• Rivers tried to bring basic ______________and _____________to rural citizens.

• Upgraded _____________ ____________ and provided funds for free textbooks.

• Created ________ lane highways to connect major Georgia cities together.

• Abolished the ______________ law and allowed for the sale of alcohol based county voters to decide.

Georgia’s Governors Page 2 of 4

← He was elected to represent Coweta County in the Georgia House of Representatives when he was just _______ years old.

← At only ______, he was appointed attorney general of the state, the youngest _____________ ______________ in the country at that time.

← In 1942, at the age of just _____, Arnall defeated Eugene Talmadge and became governor, also the youngest in the nation.

During his four years as governor, Ellis Arnall created an impressive record of reform by:

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

Arnall worked to bring progressive reform to the state. Georgia’s universities had fallen out of accreditation, which Arnall worked to restore. Arnall also backed a liberal candidate who was unpopular in Georgia, in the 1944 presidential election.

Q. T F Ellis Arnall successfully ran against Eugene Talmadge in the 1942 governor’s race on a platform to increase the governor’s powers, especially over education.

Q. Who was governor when Georgia became the first state to grant the right to vote to eighteen-year-olds?

a. Richard Russell, Jr.

b. Herman Talmadge

c. Ed Rivers

d. Ellis Arnall

Ellis Arnall

Progressive Reform in:

1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ________________________________________

4. Removed the ________ _________ from the governor’s control

a. Established Board of Corrections to oversee prisons

b. Established Pardon and Parole Board

5. Abolished the _________ _________

a. This allowed more African Americans to become eligible to vote in elections.

6. Ellis Arnall was the first governor of Georgia to serve a term of

a. two years b. four years

c. six years d. eight years

7. Which state agency was removed from control of the governor’s office under the administration of Ellis Arnall?

a. Department of Natural Resources

b. Department of Revenue

c. Board of Public Safety

d. Board of Regents

Youngest Governor in the Nation

African Americans Voting in elections!

▪ Many black political leaders agreed with Arnall, hoping labor unions would bring job equality to Georgia. In cities, many blacks registered to vote. Fewer living in rural areas registered.

Helen Mankin who appealed to the black voters to win a vacancy in the congressional district of Atlanta. She was the first woman elected to Congress from Georgia.

Fact

T F Ellis Arnall successfully ran against Eugene Talmadge in the 1942 governor’s race on a platform to increase the governor’s powers, especially over education.

Southerners generally did not like labor unions that Arnall created, particularly when rumored that Communists were involved with running the unions.

▪ Southerners did not like Arnall’s ___________ ___________ to the state.

▪ Many wanted Georgia to go back to the old southern ___________. ____________ standards that Arnall worked so hard to break. Many favored _____________ _____________ and Talmadge appealed to the southern white farmers for their vote.

Let’s Review

1. T F In 1932, Eugene Talmadge was elected governor of Georgia on a campaign to raise taxes so state government could do more to help Georgians who had lost their jobs as a result of the Great Depression.

2. T F If other politicians opposed him, Eugene Talmadge did whatever he had to do—including declaring martial law—to keep his campaign promises.

3. T F Eugene Talmadge increased the governor’s powers over state government—especially control over state finances.

4. T F Georgia governor Eugene Talmadge was a strong supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal programs.

5. T F Governor Eugene Talmadge believed in white supremacy and opposed any efforts to end segregation in Georgia.

6. T F In 1941, Governor Eugene Talmadge had two university administrators fired because he believed they supported school integration—an action that led to the loss of accreditation of the University of Georgia.

Georgia voters are outraged at Mankin election and blame Arnall. Talmadge and White Supremacy are voted back into office!

Let’s Review

1. T F After the war, many cotton farmers in Georgia switched to raising pine trees, soybeans, peanuts, and other crops.

2. T F After the war, many residents in rural areas moved to Atlanta and other large cities in Georgia and other states

He WINS

re-election for a

Third Time!

The Great Depression had hurt Atlanta’s economy a great deal by that time.

← Hartsfield secured donations from Coca-Cola for the city’s funding.

← Hartsfield’s strict budgeting helped the city recover from the Great Depression by 1938.

← Served as mayor of Atlanta for 6 terms 1937-1941 and 1942-1946.

← Helped make Atlanta an aviation hub for the Southeast.

← Chose the site for the Atlanta Airport

← Helped lead the city in the area of civil rights

William B. Hartsfield-Mayor of Atlanta

William Hartsfield Time Line

•

August 30, 1961

Atlanta’s Mayors Page 3 of 4 Page 3 of 4

Let’s Review

1. Under the administration of William Hartsfield, racial moderation in Atlanta included the integration of

a. the fire department c. lunch counters

b. City Hall d. theaters

2. What was the issue for which William Hartsfield is best remembered?

a. Aviation c. business

b. Education d. tax reform

3. T F In 1930, William B. Hartsfield was one of the earliest and strongest supporters of a first-class airport for Atlanta.

4. T F Since the 1950s, metropolitan Atlanta has grown dramatically because of the decision by city and business leaders to concentrate primarily on manufacturing.

City leaders worked together to raise both the prestige of the city and generate millions of dollars each year in revenue.

1. Why did Atlanta business and civic leaders of the 1960s decide to bring professional sports teams to Atlanta?

a. To boost the ratings of ESPN and other television sports shows

b. To give outstanding athletes opportunities to play sports

c. To improve Atlanta’s image as a major American city

d. To give the people something to do for entertainment

2. What was the first expansion team to come to Atlanta?

a. Baseball

b. Basketball

c. Football

d. Hockey

3. T F By the 1960s, Atlanta was the transportation, business, financial, governmental, and educational center of the Southeast.

4. T F In 1961, Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., launched a “Forward Atlanta” campaign that included a plan to build a sports stadium in an effort to attract professional baseball and football to Atlanta.

5. T F In the 1960s, Atlanta became a majority black city, in part because of the success of the “Forward Atlanta” campaign in creating new jobs and opportunities for rural Georgians.

6. T F After a federal judge ruled that Georgia’s white primary was unconstitutional, Governor Ellis Arnall successfully urged the Georgia Democratic Party to abandon the white primary.

Atlanta’s Mayors Page 4 of 4

Facts

• Served as mayor of Atlanta for 2 terms from 1962 – 1970

• Continued Mayor Hartsfield’s approach to peaceful integration

• Ordered removal of the “Colored” and “White” signs on all entrances and exits to City Hall

• Removed restrictions on African

• American police officers

• Integrated city’s fire department and city government.

Ivan Allen Jr.

Ivan Allen Jr. served as mayor of Atlanta from 1962 to 1970. He is credited with leading the city through an era of significant physical and economic growth and with maintaining calm during the Civil Rights Movement. While other southern cities experienced recurring violence, Atlanta leaders, led in part by Mayor Allen, were able to broker more peaceful paths to integration. Oversaw construction of a number of public facilities including the Peachtree Center and Atlanta Fulton County Stadium and built the first rapid rail service in Atlanta today known as MARTA. With new businesses moving to Atlanta, skyscrapers and office buildings were built in the downtown area.

Furthermore, he is credited with bringing professional sports to Atlanta. Allen served two four-year terms and quickly established himself as a liberal-minded leader over a city that was 40 percent black but almost fully segregated. On his first day in office, he ordered all "white" and "colored" signs removed from city hall, and he desegregated the building's cafeteria. He authorized the city's black policemen to arrest whites and hired the city's first black firefighters. He worked closely with Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and spearheaded a banquet of Atlanta's black and white leaders to honor King after he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Mayor Allen was the only southern elected official to testify before Congress in support of the public accommodations section of President John F. Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill. He knew that his testimony, in July 1963, would prove very unpopular among his Georgia constituents. The bill became law the following year as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, but even before it passed, many Atlanta restaurants, hotels, and other public facilities had desegregated by mutual agreement between their owners and Mayor Allen.

Allen was also responsible for construction of the Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium and for bringing the Braves baseball team to Atlanta. He felt that to be a major city Atlanta needed a major league team. He was able to convince other city leaders, and they built a stadium, as Allen put it, on land they didn't own, with money they didn't have, for a team they hadn't signed. In 1965 he persuaded the Braves to move from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Atlanta, Georgia. Mayor Allen was also instrumental in establishing a National Football League team, the Atlanta Falcons, in 1966, and a professional basketball team, the Hawks, in 1968.

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