Art History Timeline
Art History Timeline
The history of art is immense, the earliest cave paintings pre-date writing by almost 27,000 years! If you're interested in art history, the first thing you should do is take a look at this table which briefly outlines the artists, traits, works, and events that make up major art periods and how art evolved to present day:
|Art Periods/ |Characteristics |Chief Artists and Major |Historical Events |
|Movements | |Works | |
|Stone Age (30,000 b.c.–2500 |Cave painting, fertility |Lascaux Cave Painting, |Ice Age ends (10,000 b.c.–8,000 b.c.); |
|b.c.) |goddesses, megalithic |Woman of Willendorf, |New Stone Age and first permanent |
| |structures |Stonehenge |settlements (8000 b.c.–2500 b.c.) |
|Mesopotamian (3500 b.c.–539 |Warrior art and narration in |Standard of Ur, Gate of |Sumerians invent writing (3400 b.c.); |
|b.c.) |stone relief |Ishtar, Stele of |Hammurabi writes his law code (1780 |
| | |Hammurabi's Code |b.c.); Abraham founds monotheism |
|Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.) |Art with an afterlife focus: |Imhotep, Step Pyramid, |Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100 |
| |pyramids and tomb painting |Great Pyramids, Bust of |b.c.); Rameses II battles the Hittites |
| | |Nefertiti |(1274 b.c.); Cleopatra dies (30 b.c.) |
|Greek and Hellenistic (850 |Greek idealism: balance, |Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, |Athens defeats Persia at Marathon (490 |
|b.c.–31 b.c.) |perfect proportions; |Polykleitos, Praxiteles |b.c.); Peloponnesian Wars (431 b.c.–404|
| |architectural orders(Doric, | |b.c.); Alexander the Great's conquests |
| |Ionic, Corinthian) | |(336 b.c.–323 b.c.) |
|Roman (500 b.c.– a.d. 476) |Roman realism: practical and |Augustus of Primaporta, |Julius Caesar assassinated (44 b.c.); |
| |down to earth; the arch |Colosseum, Trajan's Column,|Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 b.c.); |
| | |Pantheon |Diocletian splits Empire (a.d. 292); |
| | | |Rome falls (a.d. 476) |
|Indian, Chinese, and |Serene, meditative art, and |Gu Kaizhi, Li Cheng, Guo |Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Silk Road |
|Japanese(653 b.c.–a.d. 1900) |Arts of the Floating World |Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige |opens (1st century b.c.); Buddhism |
| | | |spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries |
| | | |a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.) |
|Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. |Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; |Hagia Sophia, Andrei |Justinian partly restores Western Roman|
|476–a.d.1453) |Islamic architecture and |Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, |Empire (a.d. 533–a.d. 562); Iconoclasm |
| |amazing maze-like design |the Alhambra |Controversy (a.d. 726–a.d. 843); Birth |
| | | |of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim |
| | | |Conquests (a.d. 632–a.d. 732) |
|Middle Ages (500–1400) |Celtic art, Carolingian |St. Sernin, Durham |Viking Raids (793–1066); Battle of |
| |Renaissance, Romanesque, |Cathedral, Notre Dame, |Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV |
| |Gothic |Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, |(1095–1204); Black Death (1347–1351); |
| | |Giotto |Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) |
|Early and High Renaissance |Rebirth of classical culture |Ghiberti's Doors, |Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); |
|(1400–1550) | |Brunelleschi, Donatello, |Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); |
| | |Botticelli, Leonardo, |Columbus lands in New World (1492); |
| | |Michelangelo, Raphael |Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517)|
|Venetian and Northern |The Renaissance spreads |Bellini, Giorgione, Titian,|Council of Trent and |
|Renaissance (1430–1550) |north- ward to France, the |Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan |Counter-Reformation (1545–1563); |
| |Low Countries, Poland, |van Eyck, Rogier van der |Copernicus proves the Earth revolves |
| |Germany, and England |Weyden |around the Sun (1543 |
|Mannerism (1527–1580) |Art that breaks the rules; |Tintoretto, El Greco, |Magellan circumnavigates the globe |
| |artifice over nature |Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini|(1520–1522) |
|Baroque (1600–1750) |Splendor and flourish for |Reubens, Rembrandt, |Thirty Years' War between Catholics and|
| |God; art as a weapon in the |Caravaggio, Palace of |Protestants (1618–1648) |
| |religious wars |Versailles | |
|Neoclassical (1750–1850) |Art that recaptures |David, Ingres, Greuze, |Enlightenment (18th century); |
| |Greco-Roman grace and |Canova |Industrial Revolution (1760–1850) |
| |grandeur | | |
|Romanticism (1780–1850) |The triumph of imagination |Caspar Friedrich, |American Revolution (1775–1783); French|
| |and individuality |Gericault, Delacroix, |Revolution (1789–1799); Napoleon |
| | |Turner, Benjamin West |crowned emperor of France (1803) |
|Realism (1848–1900) |Celebrating working class and|Corot, Courbet, Daumier, |European democratic revolutions of 1848|
| |peasants; en plein air rustic|Millet | |
| |painting | | |
|Impressionism (1865–1885) |Capturing fleeting effects of|Monet, Manet, Renoir, |Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871); |
| |natural light |Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot,|Unification of Germany (1871) |
| | |Degas | |
|Post-Impressionism (1885–1910) |A soft revolt against |Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne,|Belle Époque (late-19th-century Golden |
| |Impressionism |Seurat |Age); Japan defeats Russia (1905) |
|Fauvism and Expressionism |Harsh colors and flat |Matisse, Kirchner, |Boxer Rebellion in China (1900); World |
|(1900–1935) |surfaces (Fauvism); emotion |Kandinsky, Marc |War (1914–1918) |
| |distorting form | | |
|Cubism, Futurism, |Pre– and Post–World War 1 art|Picasso, Braque, Leger, |Russian Revolution (1917); American |
|Supremativism, Constructivism, |experiments: new forms to |Boccioni, Severini, |women franchised (1920) |
|De Stijl (1905–1920) |express modern life |Malevich | |
|Dada and Surrealism (1917–1950)|Ridiculous art; painting |Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, |Disillusionment after World War I; The |
| |dreams and exploring the |Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo|Great Depression (1929–1938); World War|
| |unconscious | |II (1939–1945) and Nazi horrors; atomic|
| | | |bombs dropped on Japan (1945) |
|Abstract Expressionism |Post–World War II: pure |Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning,|Cold War and Vietnam War (U.S. enters |
|(1940s–1950s) and Pop Art |abstraction and expression |Rothko, Warhol, |1965); U.S.S.R. suppresses Hungarian |
|(1960s) |without form; popular art |Lichtenstein |revolt (1956) Czechoslovakian revolt |
| |absorbs consumerism | |(1968) |
|Postmodernism and |Art without a center and |Gerhard Richter, Cindy |Nuclear freeze movement; Cold War |
|Deconstructivism (1970– ) |reworking and mixing past |Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, |fizzles; Communism collapses in Eastern|
| |styles |Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid |Europe and U.S.S.R. (1989–1991) |
Making an Art History Timeline
[pic]
Materials:
• Pencils[pic] and Scratch Paper[pic]
• Computer paper - Computer - Internet - Printer[pic]
• Masking Tape[pic]
• Permanent Art Markers[pic] - post card art prints - calendar prints - digital images.
Resources:
• Computer with Internet access and color printer
• Handouts: examples of short biography with bibliography
• Optional: Add books and digital camera.
• Art History Timeline graphic
Vocabulary:
• Culture - - a group of individuals with common bonds (e.g., family, friends, church group, country)
• Aesthetic - the compositional, thematic, and philosophical contents of an art work
• Social - the beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions of a culture
• Political - the laws, regulations and governmental policies of a culture
Overview:
Students will cooperatively make a timeline on the wall that uses biographies of artists and images of their work in chronological order. Traditional and traditionally disenfranchised artists will be represented. Multiple classes, and even semesters, can add to the timeline. The research and report aspect of the timeline can be seen in the lesson plan "What the heck is that artist up to?"
INTRODUCTION
Objectives:
STUDENT ACTIVITY
Timeline:
• On one wall of the classroom "draw" line using masking tape or a long ribbon of paper. Mark divisions of art historical periods, leaving more room for 20th Century art. (might be nice to get a roll of butcher paper - maybe for free from a grocery store).
• See What the heck is that artist up to? (Alternative method would be to draw names out of a hat.)
• Place report and reproduction in correct place on timeline. Make labels for artist's name and birth and death as well as title, medium, date, and dimensions of artwork (include image location - what museum etc)
Extensions:
Add images (from Internet) connecting to major world events - new technologies - inventions.
Timeline can be created by several classes and added to with more artists or details in subsequent years.
Critique
• Each student gives a brief report on their artist and the current events of the period.
• Class will compare artworks and how they relate to the aesthetics and political and social events of the time periods.
Critique questions:
• What technologies are evident in the artwork?
• How does the technique of this work relate to their subject matter?
• What is the artist trying to express? Is this successful?
• What are the ways we can approach art?
• How does the artwork relate to its time and culture?
• How does it reflect political activities at the time?
• How does the art work relate to other artworks of the time (aesthetics)?
• Why is this work important?
• How are you reacting to this and why?
• How good do I think this is?
• How do all of the works compare to each other? Similarities? Differences?
• Do you see a progression of techniques? Of ideas?
• What connections can I make to my own experience?
• How does art relate to life?
Extensions - World Cultures:
Where do the cultures students are studying fit in? What kind of art were they doing at the time of your more "western" ideas/approaches?
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