The 1st Amendment and Children's TV



The 1st Amendment and Children's TV

Is the V-Chip, a form of government censorship, effective in accomplishing its goal of protecting children?

Jost, K. (1997, August 15). Children's television. CQ Researcher, 7, 721-744. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from CQ Researcher Online,

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is a very reliable source as it comes from the Congressional Quarterly Researcher, other wise known as CQ Researcher. This source is a very trusted source. CQ Researcher is often the first source that librarians recommend when researchers are seeking original, comprehensive reporting and analysis on issues in the news. The source above was deemed very useful in answering my research question because it discussed the V-chip and the advantages and disadvantages it plays on the lives of children. The source explains how the V-Chip promises to help parents monitor their children’s viewing while questioning the uncertainty of its effectiveness.

Retrieved by means of: Library Database CQ Researcher Typed in: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Introducing the reader with some background information on the V-Chip. My source also indicates how and why the V-Chip must be used and when this new law was passed. This background information is essential for the reader in order to fully understand the true meaning of how the V-Chip works in essence.

"'V-Chip 2.0' Turns On In March." PC Magazine Online (Feb 23, 2006): NA. Expanded Academic ASAP. Thomson Gale. George Mason University. 10 Dec. 2006 

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is a very reliable source as it comes from PC Magazine Online. This source is very trusted by electronic gamers and technological junkies across the nation. The source above was very useful in answering my research question because it provided me with statistical evidence that proved the V-Chip is not effective in protecting the child. This source proves my thesis in my paper which argues that the V-Chip is not effective.

Retrieved by means of: Library Database Expanded Academic ASAP Typed in: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments with statistical information: According to a 2004 study conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation, just 15 percent of all parents actually used the V-chip, up from 7 percent in 2001.

"Bernstein, Solveig. "V-Chip Legislation Violates the First Amendment." Media Violence. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. George Mason University. 10 Dec. 2006 .

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is a very reliable source as it comes from the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. This source is a one-stop resource for information on contemporary social issues. The source above was very useful in answering my research question because it questions the effectiveness of the V-Chip. This source proves my thesis in my paper which argues that the V-Chip is not effective.

Retrieved by means of: Library Database Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Keyword: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments. This source clearly states that the V-Chip is in direct violation of the First Amendment and the significance of implementing a V-Chip in television could lead to implementing a V-Chip in books and speech. Furthermore the V-Chip is not fair for those families who are not as fortunate. “The V-Chip is unlikely to be used in poor households with older televisions, which don't contain the chips, or in homes with neglected kids. It's most likely to be used by parents already committed to involvement in their children's education—that is, in homes where the children are at low risk for developing violent behavior. Truly addressing the problem of violence means tackling welfare and education reform.”

Gale, Bob. "The V-Chip Will Not Protect Children from Television Violence." Mass Media. Ed. Byron L. Stay. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. George Mason University. 10 Dec. 2006

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is a very reliable source as it comes from the Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. This source is a one-stop resource for information on contemporary social issues. The source above was very useful in answering my research question because it states that the V-Chip will actually increase violence on television because broadcasters will assume that parents are using the chip to monitor their child's viewing, relieving the broadcasters of the responsibility to air shows that are appropriate for children. This source proves my thesis in my paper which argues that the V-Chip is ineffective.

Retrieved by means of: Library Database Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center Keyword: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments. This source clearly states that the V-Chip will not help children of parents who are busy and decide not to use it or families who quite simply cannot afford to buy a new television set. Furthermore, the V-Chip will not make parents more intelligent or more responsible. The V-Chip won’t prevent teenage pregnancy. The source concludes that society must make it illegal for television networks and stations to broadcast material that is too violent or in other ways unacceptable to most families.

“V-Chip Viewing Television Responsibly.” Federal Communications Commission. 08 July 2003.

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because it comes straight from the horse’s mouth. The source comes from the Federal Communications Commission website and it is a reference for information on the V-Chip. It provides me with a lot of information on the foundations of the V-Chip and what the law says. This source is a very trusted source and it serves for informational purposes.

Retrieved by means of: Google keyword: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Introducing the reader with some background information on the V-Chip. This background information is essential for the reader in order to fully understand the true meaning of how the V-Chip works in essence.

“V-Chip Parenting.” Mises Instititute. 06 October 1999.

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because it comes from the Mises Institute. The author of this source is Peter Calcagno who happens to be an economics professor at Wingate University and is also a former student of the Mises Institute. It provides me with a lot of information on the foundations of the V-Chip and what the law is for parents. This source is a very trusted source and it supports my arguments. This source states that, “If parents decide a show is inappropriate for children then they should change the channel or turn the television off altogether. We know that parents cannot watch their children 24 hours a day, but the V-chip makes it easier for parents not to know what their children are watching by placing their trust in the government and broadcasters.” This source states that, “Restrictions on quality and safety by government are arbitrary, and do more to restrict innovation and competition than to provide services and protection to consumers. The free market through social cooperation fosters innovation and competition to provide safe and quality products to consumers.”

Retrieved by means of: Google Keyword: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments and alarming the reader that we should not put our trust in the government. Furthermore it explores the success of the V-Chip and introduces other means by which we can constitutionally control censorship.

“The V- Chip.” The Caucus for Television Producers, Writers, and Directors.

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because it is a letter to Representative Markey one from the CAUCUS Steering Committee Chair, Derald Isenberg, on behalf of himself and the Steering Committee. The second is from CAUCUS member, Leonard Hall. Both of the letter state reasons why the V-Chip is inappropriate and it should not be implemented. “Both men believe strongly that the proposed "V-chip" is a seriously flawed, clearly inefficient and perhaps dangerous way to accomplish the ends. Its single-minded, on-off, good-bad, no thinking mechanic will paint a vastly wide swath that can only result in substantial damage done to free television and its ability to communicate ideas and carry meaningful dramatic programming. As presently constructed, it will not attack the core of the problem, but will leave the vast bulk of the most offensive programming intact. Rather, it will divert the public from an appropriate solution, lull them into false security and certainly spawn additional special interest groups which will, for their own reasons, begin the inevitable process of adding new chips for different kinds of programming deemed objectionable to other segments of our society. From our knowledge of the industry, we predict that the "V-chip's" most important effect will be to shut down quality dramatic programming without materially improving the level of violence available to children. This result is a disservice to the American public and to our children.”

Retrieved by means of: Google Keyword: V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments and stating that politicians even disagree with the V-Chip. It also adds fuel to my argument that the V-Chip is ineffective.

Grunter Barrie and Jill McAleer. Children and Television. New York: Routledge, 1997: xxii

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because Barrie Gunter is a professor of Journalism at the University of Sheffield. Jill McAleer is Research and Information Manager for the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Both men examine the research evidence into the effects of television on children and their responses to it. They point out that the V Chip may give broadcasters and excuse to transmit even more salacious material, knowing that parents have the power to block out any programmes they don’t want their children to watch. They also argue that the coding of all programmes will be expensive and needs careful thought as to the classification criteria to be used. Second, given the lifespan of the average TV set, it could be twenty years or more before everyone has a V-chip set. People are likely to hold onto their old sets, however, and many of them will probably find their way into children’s bedrooms”

Retrieved by means of: Library search of V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments and extending the fact that the V-Chip is not a viable means of solution.

Grunter Barrie and Jill McAleer. Children and Television. New York: Routledge, 1997: xxii

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because Barrie Gunter is a professor of Journalism at the University of Sheffield. Jill McAleer is Research and Information Manager for the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Both men examine the research evidence into the effects of television on children and their responses to it. They point out that the V Chip may give broadcasters and excuse to transmit even more salacious material, knowing that parents have the power to block out any programmes they don’t want their children to watch. They also argue that the coding of all programmes will be expensive and needs careful thought as to the classification criteria to be used. Second, given the lifespan of the average TV set, it could be twenty years or more before everyone has a V-chip set. People are likely to hold onto their old sets, however, and many of them will probably find their way into children’s bedrooms”

Retrieved by means of: Library search of V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Supporting my arguments and extending the fact that the V-Chip is not a viable means of solution.

Minow Newton and Craig Lamay. Abandoned in the Wasteland Children, Television, and The First Amendment. New York: First Hill and Wang, 1996: 25-26, 109-111, 135, 164-165

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because the book is written by two scholarly authors by the name of Newton Minow and Craig Lamay. The book gives me a different side of arguments. It justifies the V-Chip under the first amendment as he states that the V-Chip allows parents rather than the government to filter bad stuff.

Retrieved by means of: Library search of V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Responding to Minow’s argument the V-Chip is effective with my other evidence. I will be able to use my other evidence to contradict Minow’s arguments.

Minow Newton and Craig Lamay. Abandoned in the Wasteland Children, Television, and The First Amendment. New York: First Hill and Wang, 1996: 25-26, 109-111, 135, 164-165

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because the book is written by two scholarly authors by the name of Newton Minow and Craig Lamay. The book gives me a different side of arguments. It justifies the V-Chip under the first amendment as he states that the V-Chip allows parents rather than the government to filter bad stuff.

Retrieved by means of: Library search of V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Responding to Minow’s argument the V-Chip is effective with my other evidence. I will be able to use my other evidence to contradict Minow’s arguments.

Price, Monroe. The V-Chip Debate: Content Filtering from Television to the Internet. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1998

Reliability and Usefulness: This source is reliable because the whole concept of the book is about the V-Chip debate. This book is used as a reference and most of the arguments I make in my paper are supported in the book.

Retrieved by means of: Library search of V-Chip

Used in a research paper by: Being able to understand both sides to the argument. The book presents me with pros and cons to the V-Chip debate. I can use the negative arguments in my paper. I will respond to the pro arguments by stating that my negative arguments outweigh the pro arguments.

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