Benjamin N. Cardozo High School



Period 7 review-Complete!Cognition/ Language:?1. What is the difference between divergent and convergent thinking? ?2. Shelly thinks that she can get a 100 on a test even though she didn’t study for it. What is this an example of? ?3. During a gastric bypass surgery, the doctor told his patient that there is an 80% chance that he will live instead of telling him that there is a 20% chance that he will die. What is an example of that? ?4. What is the difference between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area??5. What is the bilingual advantage? ?6. Around what speech do you have when you are four months old??7. What is the difference between linguistic determinism and linguistic influence? ?8. What is the difference between phoneme and morpheme??9. Why would it be more difficult for Mr.Geker to learn a new language rather than a seven year old to learn one???Memory1. What was the objective of George Miller’s experiment? ?2. Describe the difference between retroactive and proactive interference? ?3. Mass practice is to_____as distributed practice is to__________?4. What is the difference between episodic and semantic memory? ?5. Describe the priming effect?6. What is the difference between implicit and explicit memory?? Learning1. ?What is the difference between positive and negative punishment? ?2. What is the purpose of reinforcement? ?3. What are mirror neurons main function? ?4. What is one way we learn? ?5. How do our experiences influence our behaviors and mental processes?6. What did Albert Bandura’s doll experiments demonstrate? ?7. Classical and Operant conditioning are based on the principles of which psychological perspective? ?States of consciousness?1. How does sleep apnea affect our daily lives? ?2. What are the four sleep stages? ?3. Describe the psychoactive drugs and their effects? ?4. List parallel processing vs serial processing??Sensation and perception?1) How does context and perceptual set affect the way we perceive things? ??2) How many sensory systems are there? ??3) How do we process visual and auditory sensations around us? ??4) How do we process pain? ??5) What are the three bones in the ear that help you process sound? ??6) What is the gate-control theory? ??Biological Basis of BehaviorHow does information pass through a neuron?What happens to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?Which of the following neurotransmitters is linked to schizophrenia?Which brain scan records magnetic fields from the brain?Which part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?Describe the difference between the auditory and visual cortex?What is heritability, and how does it relate to individuals and groupsUnit 1 and 2?1. Frank says he knew the answer all along? Why psychological phenomenon? ?2. Why do we need operational definitions in our studies? ?3. Why do we believe that patterns do not exist? ?4. How does skewed date, do to outlier cases, affect the view of central tendencies? ?5. How do ethics guidelines affect psychological studies? ?6. How does illusory correlation form? ?7. What is the difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system? ?8. What is the difference between experimental and control groups? ?9. How is the descriptive and correlational research method different? ?10. Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to...?11. Describe the biopsychosocial approach? ???Period 6 review? (Missing memory, Biological basis of Behavior, Unit I and Unit II)Cognition/language1. The mental activity associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing is called??2. Your teachers asks how many uses you can think of for a hat, what is he testing??3._____ is to single solution as _______ thinking is to creative solutions?4. What are the pros and cons of using "belief perseverance" and "algorithms"??5.How does perceptual set affect how we interpret the outside world??6. How do phonemes ,morphemes and grammar work together to form language??7.How do representative heuristics affect out bias??8. Broca's area is to the motor cortex as _______ is to ________?9. Describe the one critique psychologists have against Whorf's hypothesis??Learning1. A dog associates a particular bell with the arrival of food by salivating. If the dog salivates at the tone of all bells, what is this called? ?2. What is an example of a primary reinforcer??3. What type of reinforcement schedule works best with children? ?4. Spraying water on a barking dog is an example of what? ?5. If dogs were strapped in a harness and given repeated shocks, with no opportunity to avoid them, what have these dogs learned? ?6. Albert Bandura's "The Bobo Doll" experiment demonstrated _____ learning. ?7. Julie eats a rotten apple and develops an aversion. The sight of apples makes Julie sick. Her sickness as a result of the rotten apple incident is an... ??Sensation and Perception 1. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are involved in which sensory process?A) Transmitting sound waves to the cochlea B) Smelling foul odors Processing information related to our sense of touch D)Detecting color Answer: A2.What is the best example of sensory interaction?Skin feeling hot after exposed to hot and cold temperatures Failing to notice a smell after exposed to it for a certain amount of time Noticing a flicker in the lights when there is a sound that follows it Being able to detect red and green through your cones Answer: C3.Your friends tell you that a puddle on the floor looks like a car. Which principle explains this?ESPPerceptual setSelective attentionBottom-up processing Answer: B4.Signal detection is closely related to which perception process?Context effects SmellVisionAbsolute threshold Answer: D5.What is the purpose of the iris?Allow light into the eyeProcess color Allow us to see in the night To detect shapes Answer: A6.A piece of paper appeared to change colors in the shade but Jack knew it wasn’t because of perceptual setColor constancy Interposition Convergence Answer: BState of Consciousness: ?1. Russell takes sleeping pills at night because he finds it hard to sleep. ?What disorder does Russell have? ?2. Alcohol: _____________ as caffeine: Stimulant?3. Why is the use of marijuana harmful for the development of the brain? ?4. What occurs during REM sleep? ?Period 3Cognition/Language (missing memory and sensation/perception)1.Describe how concepts are formed such as utilizing prototypes?2.Describe the difference between divergent and convergent thinking and how it connects to creativity?3.Describe specific obstacles that hinder our problem solving?4. Describe the difference between an availability and representativeness heuristic?5.How does our ancestral history exaggerate our fear of unlikely events?6.How does overconfidence, belief perseverance and belief bias affect our decisions?7.List the stages of language development?8. How is Boca’s area and Wernicke’s area involved in language processing?9. Describe the one critique psychologists have against Whorf's hypothesis?LearningExplain the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning.What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?Which reinforcement schedule is the best for retaining information?Give an example of observational learning.Describe Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs. What were the UR, CR, US and CS?Give an example of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation in your own life.What is the relationship between mirror neurons and modeling?Sates of Consciousness1. What are the different stages of sleep and the waves associated with those sleep stages?2. What effects does sleep deprivation have on our bodies? For instance the brain, immune system, fat cells, joints, etc.?3. What are stimulants and their effects??4. What are the depressants and their effects?Biological Basis of BehaviorWhat are the parts of a neuron and what are their functions?What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?What are the different types of brain scans and what do they do?What are the different parts of the brain and what are their functions?What are the different types of neurotransmitters? / Agonists and AntagonistsHow does damage to different parts of the brain affect an individual?How does nature and nurture influence behavior?Unit 1 and Unit II 1. The science of behavior and mental processes is the study of which field? - Psychology 2. By seeking to measure “atoms of the mind”, who established the first psychology Laboratory? - Wilhemlm Windt Unit 2: 1. Which of the following represents naturalistic observation? - From a third-floor window, researchers watch how elementary school children interact on a playground. 2. Which of the following is a positive correlation? - The more food you eat per day the higher your weight. 3. Which ethical principle requires that at the end of a research participants be told about the true purpose of the research? - Debriefing 4. There is a negative correlation between TV watching and grades. What can we conclude from this research finding? - a student who watches a lot of TV is likely to have lower grades 5. What is the range of the following: 6,13,5,23,35 - 30 6. The laboratory environment is designed to - Recreate psychological forces under control conditions 7. In a drug study, neither the participants nor the person Distributing the pills knows who is receiving the new drug and who is receiving a placebo. This type of research design is said to be an ______ study - Double- Blind 8. Which of the following is most important when conducting a survey research? - Choosing a representative samplePeriod 2(missing states of consciousness)Cognition/Language1- introduction to thinking and problem solving?>convergent thinking>divergent thinking?Which is better and why?2- what are the 5 components of creativity?>expertise?>imaginative thinking skills>intrinsic motivation?>venturesome personality?>creative environment?3- an example of fixation is ?>fixation?>mental set4-what is the difference between representativeness heuristic and availability heuristic?5-overconfidence?What are the powers and perils of overconfidence6-what are the three building blocks of language ?-phoneme?-grammar?-metamorpheme?7- what are the 4 stages of langauge??-babbling stage-one word stage?-two word stage?-telegraphic speech8- what are the difference between linguistic determination and influence determination ?9- Describe the difference between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area in processing of language?Memory1.Describe priming and djavu?2.What is the three stage processing model of memory?3. Describe retrieval cues that could help remember information such as chunking?4. Describe the difference between implicit and explicit memory?5. Describe the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?6. Describe the difference between retroactive and proactive interference?Learning?Describe the difference between negative and positive reinforcement?How neutral stimuli?become a conditional stimulus?What causes a stimulus to be extinct?What is the difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?Explain the function of the mirror neuron?What’s is the difference between generalization and discrimination? Describe the difference between negative and positive punishment?Sensation and Perception1.Describe the difference between bottom up and top down processing?2. Describe the two theories of vision?3. Describe the two theories of hearing?4. What is the difference between absolute and difference threshold?5. How does perceptual set affect our perception?6.What is the gate-control theoryBiological Basis of Behavior1.How are neural impulses?generated?2. What is the difference between peripheral and central nervous system?3. How does your body maintain?homeostasis?4. What is the difference between depolarization and re polarization?5. What are the functions of the limbic system and brain stem??6. How does our brain adjust to new experiences??7. What is heritability, and how does it relate to individuals and groups?Unit I and Unit IIDescribe the difference between functionalism and structuralismWhat first three early schools of thought were created? Define them. What was their effect on society?What is the biopsychosocial approach and what is its purpose??What do psychologists working in different subfields do? name these different subfields?Describe the similarities and differences between basic and applied research??What is an effective way to study according to the principles of psychology??How do hindsight bias and overconfidence illustrate why science-based answers are more valid than those based on common sense??How do the theories of psychology Advanced science??How do psychologists use case studies to observe Behavior??What is the difference and similarities between sampling bias in random sampling?What is the usefulness of 2 measures of variation?Period 1(missing memory, states of consciousness, sensation/perception)Cognition/Language1. What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking and which leads to fixation or creativity?2. What is the difference between availability heuristic and representative heuristic??3. How does overconfidence and belief perseverance and belief bias lead to flawed decision making?4. How is language acquired? (Nature vs Nurture)?5.What is the difference between a phonome and a morphome??6. What is the critical period??7. What is the difference between the Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area??8. Describe the stages of language development?9. The difference between divergent and convergent thinking.Learning1) What is conditional learning??2) What does a neutral stimulus become after conditioning?3) In classical conditioning, a person learns to anticipate events by?4) What is operant conditioning?5) What kind of effects does pro social behavior have?6) What neurons in the frontal lobe are believed to fire when performing or mirroring certain actions?? ?Biological Basis of Behavior(Module 9) #1: What is a function of dopamine, and how can it malfunction??(Module 10) #2: What is the difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system? What happens to the pupil in each system??(Module 11) #3: What is a major difference in function between and MRI and fMRI??(Module 12) #4: What are the two areas in the left hemisphere of the brain, associated with speaking and understanding??(Module 13) #5: A patient has a picture of a bunny flashed to his right hemisphere and a raccoon in the left hemisphere. What animal would the patient verbalize??(Module 14) #6: What if the correct order of; chromosome, cell, gene, nucleus, and DNAEvolutionary Psych questions:?(Module 15) #7: Given two giraffes in the wild, which would prevail as stated by the concept of natural selection: a giraffe with a longer neck, or a giraffe that has shorter legs??Unit I and Unit IIUnit 1 ★ What are the 3 key elements of the scientific attitude? ○ Curiosity, skepticism, humility ★ What are the 3 early schools of psychology? ○ Structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism Unit 2 ★ What are the roadblocks to critical thinking? ○ Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perceiving patterns in random events. ★ What are the descriptive methods? ○ Cases studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys ★ Why is correlation not causation? ○ Correlation suggests a possible cause-effect relationship but does not prove it. ★ What are the variables in an experiment? ○ Independent variable, confounding variable, and dependent variable ★ What are the different research methods? ○ Descriptive, correlation, and experimental ★ What is a confounding variable in an experiment? ○ an outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable ★ What are the 3 measures of central tendency? ○ Mean, median, and mode ★ What are the difference between range and standard deviation? ○ Range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. While standard deviation is a measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. ★ Why do researchers have to fully debrief people after an experiment? ○ provides participants with a full explanation of the hypothesis being tested, and the reason(s) why it was necessary to deceive them ................
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