Gramática Para Empezar p.3 Verbos irregulares (in the ...

[Pages:19]Gram?tica Para Empezar

p.3 Verbos irregulares (in the present tense, 1st person singular)

Conocer Obedecer Ofrecer Parecer Dar Hacer Poner

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Saber Salir Traer Ver Caer Seguir

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Sigo (sigues, sigue, seguimos, siguen)

Verbs that are irregular in all persons:

Ser

Ir

Decir

Estar

O?r

Tener

*********************************************************************************** p.5 Presente de los verbos con cambios de ra?z

The stem change occurs in all forms except nosotros and vosotros_.

Perder (______)

Poder (______)

Pedir (______)

Other stem changing verbs are.....

eie

oue

1.

7.

1.

7.

2.

8.

2.

8.

3.

9.

3.

9.

4.

10.

4.

10.

5.

11.

5.

11.

6.

6.

ei 1. 2. 3. Re?r (r?o, r?es, r?e, re?mos, r?en) 4. 5. 6.

Gram?tica Para Empezar

p.7 Los verbos reflexivos

You use reflexive verbs to say that people __________________________. The two parts of a reflexive verb are the __________________________ and the

___________________. The reflexive pronouns are _____________________________________. Except for _____, the reflexive pronouns are the same as the indirect object pronouns.

They usually come __________ the verb, but they may be attached to the infinitive. Remember that you use the __________ __________ with parts of the body or articles

of clothing.

Some reflexive verbs are: 1._________________ 2._________________ 3. _________________ 4. _________________ 5. _________________ 6. _________________

7. _________________ 8. _________________ 9. _________________ 10. _________________ 11. _________________ 12. _________________

*********************************************************************************** p.11 Verbos que se conjugan como gustar

The verbs ____________, ___________, ____________, ____________, and doler always use indirect object pronouns

The indirect object pronouns are _________________________________ They follow the construction ______________+__________+___________

Example: Me gusta el f?tbol. (I like soccer.)

In the example, the indirect object pronoun tells us who likes soccer...I do! The verb gustar agrees with the thing that is liked. Soccer is singular so you use "gusta". If it said "Me gustan los deportes." you would use "gustan" because "deportes" is plural. If what you like is an action, such as "Me gusta correr.", you will use the singular form.

To clarify who the indirect object pronoun refers to you can begin the sentence with a prepositional phrase (a m?, a ti, a Juan, a nosotros, a ellos, a Juan y a m?)

Example: A Juan le gusta el f?tbol. (If you don't put the prepositional phrase it wouldn't be clear who "le" was referring to.)

Examples with the other verbs: Nos encanta jugar videojuegos. A Sara le importa su familia. A m? me interesan otras culturas A Felipe le duele la cabeza.

(We love to play videogames.) (____________________________________________) (____________________________________________) (____________________________________________)

Gram?tica Para Empezar

p.12 Adjetivos posesivos

Possessive adjectives always agree in gender and ___________ with the nouns they describe. They are placed _____________________________. The possessive adjective "our" is the only one that also agrees in gender (nuestro gato, nuestra maestra, nuestros hermanos, nuestras clases)

The possessive adjectives in all of their forms are...

Singular

Plural

My

_______

_______

Your (informal)

_______

_______

His, her, your (formal) _______

_______

Our

_______ and _______ _______ and _______

Their, yours (plural)

_______

_______

Since "su" and "sus" can refer to different people you can use the prepositional phrase _____ + ____________________ for ___________ or ___________.

Example: Sus pantalones son elegantes. (__________________________) ?Los pantalones de ella? (______________________________) No, el amigo de usted. (________________________________)

Gram?tica Cap?tulo 1: A ver si recuerdas

p.17 El pret?rito de los verbos

Use the preterite to talk about actions that happened in the __________.

The preterite verb endings are:

-AR

-ER and -IR

The preterite forms of the irregular verbs hacer, dar, and ver are:

Hacer

Dar

Ver

**********************************************************************************

P.19 El pret?rito de los verbos ir y ser y de los verbos que terminan en ?car, -gar, zar

ir / ser

Verbs ending in _______, _______, _______ have a spelling change in the ____________ of the preterite.

-car (cqu)

buscar

___________

chocar (con) ___________

practicar ___________

sacar

___________

-gar (ggu) investigar ____________ navegar ____________ jugar ____________ llegar ____________

-zar (zc) almorzar ___________ comenzar ___________ cruzar ___________ empezar ___________ tropezar ___________

Gram?tica Cap?tulo 1: A primera vista 1

p.30 El pret?rito de los verbos con el cambio ortogr?fico iy

Verbs ending in _______, such as destruir and construir have a spelling change in the preterite. The ___ becomes a ___ in the _____________________________________ ______________________. The accents go where they normally go in the preterite, the first and third person singular. (*Note that seguir does not follow this pattern.)

Destruir

Construir

Leer, creer, o?r, and caerse also follow the iy pattern, but the accents are different. In addition to the usual accents, they also have accents on the letter "i" in the t? and nosotros forms. Therefore, the only form without an accent is the third person plural.

Leer

Creer

O?r

Caerse

******************************************************************************* p.31 El pret?rito de los verbos irregulares

Tener

Andar

Estar

Poder

Poner

Saber

Venir

Decir

Traer

Gram?tica Cap?tulo 1: A primera vista 1

p.33 El pret?rito de los verbos con los cambios ei, ou en la ra?z

Stem changing ____ verbs in the present tense also have a ____________ in the preterite tense. The changes are _________ and _________ take place in the _____________________________ only.

?AR AND ?ER VERBS NEVER STEM CHANGE IN THE PRETERITE!

Pedir

Sentir

Dormir

Divertirse

Preferir

Sugerir

Vestirse

Morir

Seguir

Servir

Preferir

Repetir

Mentir Acostarse

Re?r (irregular)

Re?

Re?mos

Re?ste

Ri?

Rieron

Jugar

Perder Empezar

Gram?tica Cap?tulo 1: A primera vista 2

p.42 El imperfecto

Use the imperfect tense to talk about actions that _____________ in the past. In English you often say _________ or __________ to express this idea. The expressions _________________, _________________, __________________, _________________, __________________, __________________ usually indicate that the imperfect will be used.

The regular verb endings are: -AR

-ER / -IR

There are only 3 irregular verbs! There aren't any stem changing verbs!

Ir

Ser

Ver

Haber is only used in the third person singular. The present tense is "hay" and means "there is" or "there are". The imperfect tense is ____________ and means ________________________________________________.

**********************************************************************************

p.44 Usos del imperfecto

Use the imperfect to describe something that _______________________.

Also use the imperfect to describe all of the following in the past...

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

Example: Ten?a 16 a?os. Example: Los atletas estaban en el gimnasio. Example: Hac?a calor. Example: Los atletas eran altos. Example: Era el 5 de noviembre Example: Eran las dos de la tarde. No era la una. Example: El estadio estaba lleno.

Also use it to talk about a past action that was ____________ or that _______________. Example: Los atletas se entrenaban en el gimnasio.

Gram?tica Cap?tulo 2: A ver si recuerdas...

p.65 Concordancia y comparaci?n de adjetivos

Adjetivos Adjectives agree in ____________ and ___________ with _______________________.

Masculine adjectives usually end in ____ and feminine adjectives usually en

in _____. Ex: un chico alt__

una chica alt__

Adjectives ending in ___ or ____________ may be either feminine or masculine. Ex: un dibujo interesant__ una pintura interesant__

Adjectives that end in ______ may be either masculine or feminine.

Ex: un dibujo realist__

una pintura realist__

To form the feminine form of adjectives that end in ____, add ____ to the

end.

Ex: un ni?o trabajador una ni?a trabajador__

If an adjective describes a combination of masculine and feminine nouns, the _________________ ending is used. Ex: Ese cuadro y esa estatua no son fe__.

Comparaciones Comparisons of similarity use ________ + __________ + __________ Ex: Josefina es tan c?mica como Lili.

Comparisons of difference use ______________ + __________+________ Ex: Josefina es m?s c?mica que Lili.

Irregular comparisons of difference are: Better than ______________ Older than ______________ Worse than ______________ Younger than ______________

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