2.2.5 Respiration Worksheet
2.2.5 Respiration Worksheet
Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food
← The food involved in respiration is usually ______________
← Internal respiration is controlled by ______________ which allow energy to be released in ________________________
← The energy is trapped in molecules called ______
Types of Respiration
← Aerobic Respiration – the release of energy from food in the ________________ of oxygen
← Anaerobic Respiration The release of energy from food ______________ the presence of oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
← Most living things get energy from aerobic respiration and are called _____________________
← The energy stored in __________ in glucose is released and used to make ______
← When ATP breaks down it ____________________________ for all the reactions in a cell such as movement of muscles, growth of new cells, etc.
Equation for Aerobic Respiration
______________ + ______ ( ____________ + ________ + ________
______________ + ____________ ( ____________ + _________________________ + __________
← Aerobic respiration is relatively __________________, 40% of the energy in glucose is used to make ATP
← Any energy not used to produce ATP is _________________________
Aerobic Respiration occurs in 2 stages
← Stage 1 ____________________
← ____________
Stage 1 Glycolysis
← Takes place in the ______________ (the cytoplasm without the organelles) as enzymes are found here
← Does not require ____________
← It only releases ________________________ of energy
← Is the same for both ______________ and _________________ respiration
Stage 1 Glycolysis
← A 6 carbon carbohydrate (Glucose) is converted to ____________________________________ _______________ with the release of a small amount of energy
← Most of the energy in the glucose molecule remains _____________ in each 3-carbon molecule
Stage 2
← This stage requires and uses ____________
← It releases a ______________________ of energy
← It occurs in the _______________________ as the necessary enzymes are found here
← The 3-carbon molecules are broken down to __________________________ and __________
Stage 2
← The ________________ breakdown of the 3-carbon molecules releases a lot of ____________
← There is ____________________ energy left in Carbon Dioxide and Water
Anaerobic Respiration
← Anaerobic respiration can occur in the presence of ____________ but it _________________ ________________________________
← In anaerobic respiration Glycolysis occurs - this means glucose is broken into two 3-carbon molecules
← A ______________________ of energy is released this way
Anaerobic Respiration
← There are ____________________________ of anaerobic respiration where the 3-carbon molecules are converted to different substances but all ________________________ ______________ of energy
← Anaerobic respiration is said to be __________________________ than aerobic respiration as less energy is released
Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration is also known as ________________________
← 2 types of fermentation
1. ____________________ Fermentation
2. ______________ Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
← This occurs in some __________________________________ and __________ and in animal ______________ when there is not enough oxygen
← In this fermentation ____________________ is produced
← Glucose ( 2 ____________________ + small amount of energy
Examples of Lactic Acid Fermentation
← Lactic acid forms when bacteria cause ________ to go ________
← When bacteria respire on cabbage to form ____________________
← In ____________ production and
← In ______________ production
Lactic Acid Fermentation in Muscles
← When we exercise and get out of breath not enough ____________ can reach our muscles and __________________ respiration takes place in the muscle
← This forms ____________________ which causes ____________, when we rest the lactic acid is broken down by the __________
Alcohol Fermentation
← Takes place in ________________ and some fungi such as __________ and in plants when they are deprived of ____________
← Involves the ________________________________ of glucose
← Glucose ( 2 ______________ + 2 __________________________ + small amount energy
Alcohol Fermentation
← The ethanol itself is high energy
← Alcohol fermentation has been used for centuries
← In baking, yeast is used for alcohol fermentation, the ______________ evaporates but the carbon dioxide causes the ______________________
← Baking powder is used instead of yeast in ________________________
Industrial Fermentation
← Biotechnology refers to the use of ________________________ (such as micro organisms and enzymes) to carry our _____________________________
← In ____________________ fermentation the micro organisms are placed in a container with a suitable __________________ on which they can __________
← The vessel in which biological reactions can take place is called a ____________________
A fermentation bioreactor
← When the micro organisms are mixed with the substrate ________ may be formed so a foam breaker is used
← Oxygen is ____________ in through a sparger (sparge = 1. To spray or sprinkle. 2. To introduce air or gas into (a liquid).)
← ______________ and ____________ of product depend on the quality of the micro organism and substrate, the ____________ of the bioreactor, a correct rate of mixing, a correct ______________________ and ____ and elimination of __________________________ micro organisms
Micro organisms used in bioprocessing
← New mo/s are being produced by ______________ engineering
← In general bacteria and fungi (especially yeast strains)
← Bacteria can be used to make ________________, ______________________ and ______________
← ____________ can be used to make Beer and wine, for ____________ and single cell protein manufacture
← Fungi can produce ______________________ and ____________________
Bioprocessing with Immobilised cells
← To ensure the microorganisms used in a bioreactor are not ________ at the end of every ________________ they are often ______________________ or __________
← The microorganisms can be immobilised by bonding them to __________________, bonding them to an ________________________________ or suspending them in a ______ or ________________
Uses of Immobilised Cells/Microorganisms
← In the treatment of ____________ bacteria and fungi may be attached to ________ and ____________ and then decompose the waste
← In the production of alcohol yeast cells are immobilised with ____________________________
Advantages of Immobilised Cells
← Immobilisation is gentle it does ____________________________
← Immobilised cells can be easily __________________
← Immobilised cells __________________________ for filtration at the end of bioprocessing
← Immobilised cells can be _____________, reducing costs
Uses of Immobilised Cells
← Immobilised cells are becoming more popular than immobilised enzymes as it ______________ isolating and purifying enzymes, which is an expensive process
Differences between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
| |Aerobic |Anaerobic |
|Location |Cytoplasm and Lumen and Cristae of | |
| |mitochondria | |
|Oxygen Requirements | |Does not use O2 |
|End Products | |Ethanol + CO2 |
| | |or |
| | |Lactic acid |
|Energy Produced |Lots of energy | |
| |(38 ATP) | |
Syllabus Can You? ...
← Define the term: aerobic respiration.
← Explain the role of aerobic respiration – what does it do for organisms?
← Express aerobic respiration by a balanced equation.
← State the nature of respiration from syllabus – what stages are involved, where do these take place, what happens?
← Define the term: anaerobic respiration.
← Express anaerobic respiration by a balanced equation.
← State the nature and role of fermentation.
← State the cellular location of the first & second stage.
← Explain the role of micro organisms in fermentation.
← Explain the role of micro organisms including bioprocessing and Bioreactors
END
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