Trace Evidence Questions - wsfcs.k12.nc.us



Trace Analysis Questions

Physical Properties

1. What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?

2. What is matter and what is it made up of?

3. What are compounds and how are they made?

4. What is the periodic table? What kind of information can you find in it?

5. Describe the three states of matter. What is the fourth state of matter?

6. What is a phase?

7. Describe all of the phase changes?

8. Draw and label light as a wave.

9. Describe five things that can happen to light as it interacts with other matter.

10. Draw and label the electromagnetic spectrum.

11. Describe light as a particle.

12. Describe five other physical properties mentioned in the powerpoint.

13. What is an intensive property? Give an example.

14. What is refractive index? Birefringence?

Vocabulary

Physical property Chemical property Phase changes

Light properties Intensive properties Refractive index

Birefringence

Glass Evidence

15. Describe the different types of glass by composition.

16. How is tempered glass and laminate glass different?

17. What is the only way to individualize glass from a crime scene?

18. What is flotation and how does it work?

19. Explain how a forensic scientist determines the refractive indices of suspect glass fragments.

20. What is the 3R rule and what does it tell a forensic scientist?

21. How can you tell which of two fractures on a piece of glass was created first?

Vocabulary

Tempered glass Laminated glass Becke line

Radial fracture Concentric fracture

Hair Evidence

22. Draw and label a cross section of a hair.

23. Draw and label a longitudinal section of hair.

24. Describe the different phases of hair growth.

25. What is the follicular tag?

26. What features of a hair do forensic scientists note when examining it?

27. How can you tell the difference between a human hair and an animal hair?

28. What can and can’t you learn about hair by examining it?

Vocabulary

Cuticle Cortex Medulla

Anagen phase Catagen phase Telogen phase

Follicular tag

Fiber Evidence

29. Give some examples of natural fibers.

30. Give some examples of synthetic fibers.

31. What two morphological characteristics does a forensic scientist first compare when examining fibers with a microscope?

32. What other features might be important in a fiber comparison?

33. Name two physical characteristics that frequently are used to identify fibers.

34. What analytical techniques are used in fiber analysis?

Vocabulary

Natural fibers Manufactured fibers Polymer

Paints, Metals, and Soil Evidence

35. What are trace elements and how are they used by forensic scientists?

36. Explain how trace element analysis was used in the investigation of the assassination of President Kennedy.

37. Explain the process of Neutron Activation Analysis.

38. Describe the composition of paint.

39. Describe some ways paint is forensically examined and analyzed.

40. How is paint collected, preserved, and compared to the database.

41. What makes up soil?

42. Describe how soil is forensically analyzed.

Vocabulary

Isotope Emission spectrum Excited state

PDQ Density-gradient

Firearm Identification, Ballistics and Impression Evidence

43. Describe the anatomy of a gun barrel for both a rifle and a shotgun.

44. Describe the forensic analysis of bullets and cartridges.

45. Describe the different databases used for firearm idenficiation.

46. Describe how gunpowder residue can be used to determine the distance from which the gun was fired.

47. Describe the forensic analysis of gunshot (primer) residue.

48. Explain serial number restoration.

49. Describe how toolmarks are collected and used at a crime scene.

50. What other types of impressions can be collected at a crime scene?

51. Describe the following for impressions:

Preserving

Lifting

Casting

Comparing

Vocabulary

Grooves Rifling Bore

Lands Caliber Gauge

Ballistics Greiss test

Document Examination

52. What is a questioned document?

53. Name 5 characteristics of handwriting in which one might to encounter variations between individuals.

54. Name 5 factors besides handwriting characteristics that can impart individual variations to writing..

55. What is an exemplars and why are they important for document examination?

56. What are some different types of transcript comparisons?

57. What are three types of altered documents and how do document examiners deal with them?

58. Explain how document examiners analyze indented witings and compare inks and paper.

Vocabulary

Questioned document Exemplar Natural variations

Erasure Obliteration Charred document

Indented wrting

Blood and DNA Evidence

59. Describe the components of blood. What is blood made of?

60. What is the difference between antigens and antibodies? Which are found on the surface of cells?

61. Explain what agglutination is.

62. Describe the ABO blood system and how the blood types differ from each other.

63. Explain why O negative blood type is called the universal donor?

64. Explain what the following tests are used for:

▪ Barr bodies

▪ Blood typing

▪ Kastle-Myer test

▪ luminol

▪ Precipitin test

65. Draw each of the following blood spatter scenarios

a. Cast off

b. High velocity blood spatter

c. A drop of blood traveling forward from left to right

d. A drop of blood dropping straight down

e. A drop of blood that hits at a 45 degree angle

66. Explain how you could figure out where a source of blood was standing in a room and how tall they were.

67. Describe what happens when a rape kit is performed on someone.

68. Describe or draw the structure of a DNA molecule

69. Explain why DNA is the blueprint of who we are. Explain the process by which DNA codes for our traits.

70. Explain the role each of these play in the forensic science of DNA evidence:

▪ Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms

▪ Polymerase Chain Reaction

▪ Short Tandem Repeats

▪ Mitochondrial DNA

▪ CODIS

71. List the different sources from which one can collect DNA evidence.

72. Describe the considerations for collecting and preserving DNA evidence

Vocabulary

Acid phosphatase Agglutination Alleles

Antibodies Antigens Aspermia

Buccal cells Chromosome CODIS

Complementary base pairing Convergence DNA

Erythrocytes Gel electrophoresis Gene

Genome Hemoglobin Hybridization

Immunoassay Locus Low copy number

Luminal Mitochondrial DNA Nucleotide

Oligospermia Pictogram Plasma

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Drugs and Toxicology Evidence

73. Describe the categories of illicit drugs and give examples for each.

74. Explain the difference between physical and psychological dependence.

75. Explain the different categories for drugs under the current drug control laws.

76. Explain the different ways to screen for and analyze drugs.

77. Write a job description of a forensic toxicologist.

78. Explain what ADMET stands for in toxicology.

79. Describe the different methods for screening and analysis in toxicology.

80. Describe the affect alcohol and marijuana have on the body.

81. Explain the NC law on blood alcohol content.

82. Describe some different field sobriety tests used by law enforcement.

Vocabulary

Absorption Anabolic steroids Analgesic

Chromatography Confirmation Depressant

Distribution Excretion Fluoresce

Hallucinogen Infrared Metabolism

Microcrystalline test Narcotic Physiological dependence

Psychological dependence Screening test Spectrophotometry

Stimulant Toxicity Toxicologist

Ultraviolet

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