Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness?

Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness?

A Review of the Research

Tara Kini and Anne Podolsky

JUNE 2016

Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness?

A Review of the Research

Tara Kini and Anne Podolsky

External Reviewers

This report benefited from the insights and expertise of two external reviewers: Gene Glass, Regents' Professor Emeritus from Arizona State University and Senior Researcher at the National Education Policy Center at the University of Colorado Boulder; and Helen Ladd, Susan B. King Professor of Public Policy Studies and Professor of Economics at Duke University's Sanford School of Public Policy. We thank them for the care and attention they gave the report. Any remaining shortcomings are our own.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Linda Darling-Hammond, President and CEO of the Learning Policy Institute, for her invaluable assistance providing feedback on early drafts of this paper, and Erin Fahle, doctoral candidate in the Education Policy program at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, for her valuable assistance in reviewing the research and analysis in the appendix. We also thank the following LPI colleagues for their contributions to the research process: Dion Burns, Desiree Carver-Thomas, Patrick M. Shields, and Leib Sutcher. In addition, we appreciate the insights and feedback offered by our colleagues Joseph Bishop, Roberta Furger, and Maria Hyler. We would like to thank Naomi Spinrad and Penelope Malish for their editing and design contributions to this project, and Lisa Gonzales for overseeing the editorial process. Without the generosity of time and spirit of all of the aforementioned, this work would not have been possible.

Research in this area of work is funded in part by the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation. Core operating support for the Learning Policy Institute is provided by the Ford Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and the Sandler Foundation.

The appropriate citation for this report is: Kini, T., & Podolsky, A. Does Teaching Experience Increase Teacher Effectiveness? A Review of the Research (Palo Alto: Learning Policy Institute, 2016). This report can be found at does-teaching-experience-increase-teacher-effectiveness-review-research.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit .

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary..................................................................................................................................1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................3 Methods......................................................................................................................................................6

Methodological Issues in Studying Teaching Experience...............................................................6 Challenges with Early Empirical Analyses.......................................................................................6 Fixed Effects....................................................................................................................................7 Analysis of the Range of Teaching Experience...............................................................................9 Interpretation of Findings............................................................................................................. 10 Findings.................................................................................................................................................... 15 Teaching experience is associated with increased student achievement gains

throughout a teacher's career................................................................................................. 15 As teachers gain experience, their students are more likely to do better on other

measures of success beyond test scores, such as school attendance.................................. 21 Teachers make greater gains in their effectiveness when they teach in a supportive

and collegial working environment, or accumulate experience in the same grade level, subject, or district........................................................................................................... 23 More experienced teachers confer benefits to their colleagues and to the school as a whole, as well as to their own students........................................................................... 27 Limitations of This Review and Suggestions for Future Research.................................................. 28 Policy Implications and Recommendations....................................................................................... 29 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................... 33 Endnotes.................................................................................................................................................. 34 Appendix.................................................................................................................................................. 41 About the Authors.................................................................................................................................. 64

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