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UNIT 2 EXAM- AP BiologyDirections: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?The chloroplastThe Golgi ApparatusThe nucleusThe nucleolusThe mitochondrionA student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell becauseRibosomes are visibleAn endoplasmic reticulum can be seenA cell membrane is presentIt has a large central vacuoleCentrioles are presentWhich of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?Mitochondria and bacteria possesses similar ribosomesMitochondria and bacterial posses similar nucleiGlycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteriaBoth mitochondria and bacteria have microtubulesNeither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplastsWhich of the following pairs of functional groups characterizes the structure of an amino acid?Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?A membrane-bound nucleusA cell wall made of celluloseRibosomesFlagella or cilia that contain microtubulesLinear chromosomes made of DNA and proteinWhich of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope?A eukaryotic cellA virusA DNA sequenceThe inner structure of a mitochondrionA nuclear poreAll of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of an eukaryotic cell EXCEPT GlycoproteinsCytochromesCholesterolPhospholipids Integral proteinsWhich of the following is an example of active transport across a membrane?The movement of water from a nephron into the collecting duct of the kidneyThe movement of glucose by facilitated diffusion into a liver cellThe movement of water from the inside of a cell into a surrounding hypertonic mediumThe movement of Na+ into a neuron as a nerve impulse is generatedThe movement of H+ into a thylakoid disc during photosynthesisWhich of the following cellular processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP?Facilitated diffusionActive transportChemiosmosisOsmosisNa+ influx into a nerve cell+All of the following contribute to the unique properties of water EXCEPTCohesionAdhesionPolarityCapillary actionLow heat capacityAll of the flowing organelles are associated with protein synthesis EXCEPTRibosomesGolgi bodiesThe nucleusThe rough endoplasmic reticulumThe smooth endoplasmic reticulumA major difference between bacterial cells and animal cells is that bacterial cells is that bacterial cells haveA plasma membrane made of phospholipidsRibosomes, which are involved in protein synthesisA cell wall made up of peptidoglycanA nuclear membrane, which contains chromosomesA large vacuole, which contains fluidsAll of the following are methods of moving materials across cell membranes along a concentration gradient EXCEPTExocytosisFacilitated diffusionOsmosisActive transportDiffusionA feature of amino acids NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence ofCarbon atomsOxygen atomsNitrogen atomsHydrogen atomsPhosphorus atomsAll of the following statements describe the unique characteristics of water EXCEPT:It is a polar solventIt is relatively resistant to temperature changesIt forms hydrogen bonds with disaccharidesIt can dissociate into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ionsIt is a hydrophobic solventThe principle inorganic compound found in living things isCarbonOxygenWaterGlucoseCarbon dioxideA prokaryotic cell has which of the following?CentriolesLysosomesPlasma membraneMitochondriaEndoplasmic reticulum For questions 18-20 refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot. From the initial conditions and results described which of the following is a logical conclusion?The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bagThe pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch moleculesThe bag is not selective permeableA new movement of water into the beaker has occurredThe molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding beaker are the same.Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?The bag will contain more water than it did in the original conditionThe contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solutionWater potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solutionStarch molecules will continue to pass through the bagA glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negativeFor question 20: The question is followed by 5 suggested answers or completions. Select one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following?i. Active Transportii. Selective permeabilityiii. Differential distribution of ions across the membraneii onlyiii onlyi and ii onlyii and iii onlyi, ii, and iiiFor questions 21-24: Refer to different biologically important organic molecules. This group of questions consists of five lettered heading followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than one, or not at all in each group.Nucleic AcidsProteinCelluloseTriglyceridesGlycogenLipid that consists of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerolThe stored form of sugar in humansA macromolecules that consists of a polymer of amino acidsA substance that cannot be broken down by cows Directions: For questions 25-28 refer to the following groups of biological compounds. This group of questions consists of five lettered heading followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than one, or not at all in each group.ProteinsCarbohydratesNucleic AcidsLipidsSteroidsSynthesize at the ribosomesIncludes glycogen, chitin, cellulose, and glucoseUsed for insulation and buoyancy in marine Arctic animalsUsed to carry the genetic codeDirections: For questions 30-34 refer to the following diagram of a plant cell.Site of glucose synthesisSite of conversion of chemical energy of glucoseSite of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cellSite of transport materials into and out of the cellEvolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet isa.the relative solubility of the component.b.the size and weight of the component.c.the percentage of carbohydrates in the component.d.the number of enzymes in the fraction.e.the presence or absence of lipids in the component.Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion?a.ribosomeb.rough endoplasmic reticulumc.Golgi bodyd.smooth endoplasmic reticulume.lysosomeOf the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?a.ATP is produced.b.DNA is present.c.Ribosomes are present.d.B and C onlye.A, B, and C are correct.The surface of an integral membrane protein would be best described asa.hydrophilic.b.hydrophobic.c.amphipathic.pletely covered with phospholipids.e.exposed on only one surface of the membrane.All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins excepta.protein synthesis.b.active transport.c.hormone reception.d.cell adhesion.e.cytoskeleton attachment.Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?a.The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.b.Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content.c.Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.d.The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.e.The double bonds result in a shorter fatty acid tailWhich of the following describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?Maintains the cell’s resting potentialRegulates cellular volumeBrings sodium into the cellAll of the aboveA and B onlyFRQ 2011Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read each question completely before you begin to write. Write all your answers on the pages following the questions in the pink booklet.1. During an investigation of a freshwater lake, an AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic.(a) Identify FOUR organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle.(b) Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes. However, prokaryotes must perform many of the same functions as eukaryotes. For THREE of the organelles identified in part (a), explain how prokaryotic cells carry out the associated functions.(c) According to the endosymbiotic theory, some organelles are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe THREE observations that support the endosymbiotic theory. ................
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