Part One: Are these animals related to each other



Exploring the Evolution of Vertebrates

Part One: Candy cladograms

Working with your group, arrange your candy in a phylogenic tree on the back of this sheet. How can you group your candies together? What traits do they share?

Part Two: Constructing the Vertebrate Evolutionary Family Tree

In the center of a piece of large paper, make a cladogram (refer to your book notes/video notes) for

Kangaroos, Humans, Tuna, Bullfrogs, Snapping Turtles, Rhesus Monkeys, and Lampreys.

The cladogram will be based only on shared characteristics between these animals; these characteristics are found in a chart on the following page. The cladogram you construct will serve as your hypothesis for the evolution of vertebrates (i.e., the order in which major vertebrate groups branched off from each other).

Part Three: Does DNA Support Your Vertebrate Evolutionary Family Tree?

1. On the back of your poster, make another cladogram for Humans, Kangaroos, Tuna, Snapping Turtles and Rhesus Monkeys using genetic differences instead of shared characteristics (Refer to the Handout called Building a Cladogram Using Genetic Differences in Cytochrome C).

2. Compare the two cladograms and decide whether or not amino acid sequences (DNA) support or refute your original hypothesis.

3. Write a small description on the other (original) side of your poster that explains how amino acid sequences support your original hypothesis.

Part Four: Individual Activity Assessment

On your own sheet of paper, write a well-developed 5-7 sentences paragraph that:

1. Describe four pieces of evidence that support the evolution (and relationships) among vertebrates.

2. Explains how these activities illustrate that evolution is a theory, not a hypothesis

PART ONE: CANDY CLADOGRAM

In the space below, arrange your candy in a cladogram. How can different candies be grouped?

Shared Characteristics for Vertebrates

|Traits |Kangaroo |Lamprey |Rhesus Monkey |Bullfrog |Human |

| |(Marsupial) |(Jawless |(Primate) |(Amphibian| |

| | |Fish) | |) | |

|Human  |0  |1  |12  |19  |31  |

|Monkey  |1  |0  |13  |18  |32  |

|Kangaroo  |12  |13  |0  |14  |27  |

|turtle  |19  |18  |14  |0  |27  |

|tuna  |31  |32  |27  |27  |0  |

         (The above chart shows the number of genetic (nucleotide) differences in the genes coding for the protein Cytochrome C.)  

 

 

 

 

Part Four: Individual Activity Assessment

On your own sheet of paper, write a well-developed 5-7 sentences paragraph that:

1. Describe four pieces of evidence that support the evolution (and relationships) among vertebrates.

2. Explains one reason for why these organisms cannot reproduce together (reproductive isolation).

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Use for Part 2

Use for Part 3

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