Synopsis for PG DISSERTATION for MD/MS,



SYNOPSIS FOR PG DISSERTATION FOR MD/MS,

UNDER RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BENGALURU.

|NAME OF THE CANDIDATE |DR. VINAY MANJUNATH RAJ |

|AND |DEPT. OF FORENSIC MEDICINE, |

|ADDRESS |S. NIJALINGAPPA MEDICAL COLLEGE, NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, PIN - 587 102. |

|(IN BLOCK LETTERS) | |

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|NAME OF THE INSTITUTION |S. NIJALINGAPPA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HSK HOSPITAL, BAGALKOT. |

|COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT |M D (FORENSIC MEDICINE) |

SYNOPSIS FOR PG DISSERTATION FOR MD/MS,

UNDER RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BENGALURU.

|1. |Name And |DR. VINAY MANJUNATH RAJ |

| |Address of the candidate |DEPT. OF FORENSIC MEDICINE, |

| |(in block letters) |S. NIJALINGAPPA MEDICAL COLLEGE, |

| | |NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, PIN - 587 102. |

|2. |Name of the institution |S. Nijalingappa Medical College & HSK Hospital, Navavagar, Bagalkot. |

|3. |Course of study and subject |M D (Forensic Medicine) |

|4. |Date of admission to course |26-05-2010 |

|5. |Title of the Topic: |

| |“Estimation of Stature from foot length and Foot prints among students and staff of S N medical college of age group 21-30 |

| |years.” |

|6. |Brief resume of the intended work: |

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| |6.1 : Need for the study: |

| |The human foot has been studied for a variety of reasons, i.e., for forensic as well as for non-forensic purposes by anatomist, |

| |forensic scientists, anthropologists, physicians, podiatrists, and numerous other groups.1 Footprints are of immense value in |

| |establishing personal identity and a potential link between the crime and the perpetrator. |

| |Footprints can be collected from almost every kind of crime scene. Examination of bare-foot impressions is important in |

| |developing countries where the majority of the rural population likely to walk barefooted because of socioeconomic and climatic |

| |reasons. The partial or complete foot-prints can be found on rain-covered surfaces, newly waxed floors, and freshly cemented |

| |surfaces, moistened surfaces, in dust, mud, sand, oil, paint, and blood. |

| |In cases, of mass disasters and criminal mutilation, it is not unlikely to find peripheral parts of the body such as hand and |

| |foot. More often in mass disasters, it may be only the feet which are recovered intact than any other parts of the body. Stature |

| |has been estimated from foot prints, foot measurements, and based on statistical equations and formulae. Analysis of footprints |

| |helps in estimation of an individual's stature because of the existence of a strong positive co-relation between one's stature |

| |and foot size. Thus an effort is being made to correlate the foot length and foot prints with stature. |

| |6.2 Review of literature: |

| |Identification is the determination of individuality of a person living or dead based on certain characteristics. Identification |

| |becomes necessary in the living, recently dead persons, decomposed bodies, mutilated and skeletal remains and is required in |

| |civil as well as criminal cases.2 Various criteria are used to establish the identity of human remains. Amongst them, Stature is |

| |considered to be one of the primary characteristic features. Estimating stature from foot dimensions have been done by so many |

| |studies in different parts of the world with significant variations. This is due to multiple factors like age, sex, race, |

| |heredity, nutrition, ethnicity and others. So it is difficult to produce single standard formula for determination of stature |

| |from foot length and foot prints for the entire papulation.3 However from different studies carried out in different provinces it|

| |has been concluded that different normograms have become necessary for different populations.4 |

| |From the study of ratio index of foot length to stature, it is concluded that, the foot length relative to stature shows no |

| |great variation within the human races.5 On an average a person’s foot prints length is equal to 15% of a person’s height.5 |

| |Study conducted by G M Raju and Vijaynath concluded that walking barefoot length correlates with stature.5 It is accepted that |

| |feet can be an excellent clue regarding personal identity. The length of the foot, which is a product of movement of lower limbs |

| |and pelvic girdle when a person is walking, can be helpful in estimating the stature of an individual. |

| |6.3 Objectives of the study: |

| |To estimate the stature from percutaneous measurement of foot length and maximum length of the complete foot print. |

| |To evolve regression equation for stature estimation from above dimensions. |

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|7. |Materials and Methods: |

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| |7.1 Source of data: Students and staff of S N Medical college between the age group of 21-30 years |

| |Inclusion criteria: Adults |

| |Age group: 21- 30 years. |

| |Apparently healthy. |

| |Only Adults who have documentary evidence of age in the form of birth certificate issued by Municipal Corporation. |

| |Students and staff of S Nijalingappa Medical College. |

| |Should belong to North Karnataka by origin. |

| |Exclusion criteria: Adults with |

| |Chronic illness. |

| |Endocrinal disorders. |

| |Individual with deformities of foot, lower limb(s) and vertebral column. |

| |Flat foot. |

| |Below 21 years and above 30 years of age. |

| |Sampling method: |

| |Stratified Random Sampling based on age. |

| |Sample size – 100. |

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| |7.2 Method of collection of data : |

| |General physical examination will be conducted to know the health status and rule out any deformities in the subjects. |

| |Materials: Printer black ink, Glass plate, Manual Roller, Pencil, Measuring scale, Vertical wooden scale, Osteometric board, Data|

| |collecting instrument, Calculator. |

| |Method: |

| |Recording of Foot Prints: The aim and objectives of the intended study will be properly explained to the subjects and informed |

| |consent will be taken on the proforma sheet. Participants will be asked to wash and dry their foot to remove the dirt. A plain |

| |glass plate of about 24 X 24 inches is cleaned and uniformly smeared with a thin layer of black printer ink by using a roller. |

| |The subjects will then be made to place their right foot on the smeared glass plate. So that print of right foot will be |

| |transferred to the duly prepared foot print proforma, keeping in mind the need to minimize the possible technical source of |

| |dimensional artefact. The length of the foot print will be measured from the mid rear heal point posteriorly to 1st or 2nd toe |

| |whichever is longer anteriorly. The same will be repeated with the left foot. In this way, each and every individual's bare foot|

| |prints are recorded. |

| |Recording of foot length: The subject is made to place their right foot on Osteometric board with the fixed plate of the board |

| |touching the most posteriorly projecting point of the heel (pternion), the movable plate will be adjusted to measure the most |

| |anteriorly projected point (acropodian) of the first or second toe, whichever is longer, when the foot is stretched will be |

| |considerd, and it will be measured in centimeters approximated to the nearest millimeter. Same thing will be repeated for the |

| |left foot. |

| |Recording of the height: The height of each subject will be recorded by asking him/her to stand erect with bare foot on the base |

| |of the standard stadiometer in a standing position, plate being attached to the vertical Wooden scale of two meters. Then the |

| |subjects will be asked to stand without support, with arms by the side of the body, head in steady position. The height will be |

| |measured on the vertex of the head with the help of horizontal thin plate in centimeters to the nearest millimeters. |

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| |7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, |

| |please describe briefly. |

| |No |

| |7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3? |

| |Yes. |

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|8. |List of references: |

| |1) Irene A F, Nabil K. Stature and Body Weight estimation from various footprint Measurements Among Egyptian population, Journal|

| |of forensic science, july 2010, vol 55, no.4, 884-888. |

| |2) Modi’s Medical jurisprudence and toxicology, 23ed edition, Lexis Nexis, Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur, 2005, Page 263- 264, 321-|

| |322. |

| |3)Tanuj K, Menezes R G, Moudgil R , Kaur R, Kotian M S, and Garg R K. Stature estimation from foot length using universal |

| |regression formula in a North Indian population, J of forensic science, January 2010, vol 55, no 1, page 163-166 |

| |4) Chavan K D, Datir S B, Farooqui J M and Numan H S: Correlation of foot length with height among Maharashtrian population of |

| |India, Indian academy of forensic medicine, vol 31 no 4, page 334 337 |

| |5) Raju G M, Vijayanth V, Anitha M R; Walking bare foot: print shows stature of a male individual. Indian academy of Forensic |

| |medicine, Vol 31 no 4, page 338-343. |

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|9. |Signature of the candidate | |

|10. |Remark of the guide |Recommended |

|11. |11.1 Name and |DR V. H. KELVEKAR |

| |designation of Guide |PROFESSOR, |

| | |DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE, S. NIJALINGAPPA MEDICAL |

| | |COLLEGE, BAGALKOT. |

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| |11.2 Signature | |

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| |11.3 Head of the |DR C. S. KAPSE |

| |Department |PROFESSOR AND HEAD |

| | |DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE, |

| | |S. NIJALINGAPPA MEDICAL COLLEGE, BAGALKOT. |

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| |11.4 Signature | |

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|12 |12.1 Remarks of the Principal | |

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| |12.2 Signature | |

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