HISTORY: PAPER II MARKING GUIDELINES - Advantage Learn

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION NOVEMBER 2019

Time: 3 hours

HISTORY: PAPER II MARKING GUIDELINES

200 marks

These marking guidelines are prepared for use by examiners and sub-examiners, all of whom are required to attend a standardisation meeting to ensure that the guidelines are consistently interpreted and applied in the marking of candidates' scripts.

The IEB will not enter into any discussions or correspondence about any marking guidelines. It is acknowledged that there may be different views about some matters of emphasis or detail in the guidelines. It is also recognised that, without the benefit of attendance at a standardisation meeting, there may be different interpretations of the application of the marking guidelines.

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These memoranda serve as guidelines.

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SECTION A

INDIVIDUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS

QUESTION 1

VISUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS

1.1 Use your own knowledge to give TWO possible reasons for the presence of troops in the townships in 1985.

[LEVEL 1 and LEVEL 2] ? Government policy of reform and repression resulted in resistance

toward government. ? Rent boycotts and violence against township councillors in Vaal Triangle

uprisings. ? 1985 the ANC in exile called for supporters to make South Africa

ungovernable. ? Township revolts against the government resulted in violence. ? The government sent the SADF/ army/ troops into the townships ? To restore law and order. ? In 1985 Botha declared a State of Emergency, sending troops into the

townships. ? The SADF in townships was an act of aggression and used as

intimidation by the government. ? Action to suppress protest.

[Any TWO relevant, accurate points]

1.2 How does the photograph portray the National Party government? Support your answer with TWO visual clues.

[LEVEL 2] ? Description: powerful/ well-armed/ aggressive/ dominated by white

males/ military state/ intimidating/ barbaric/ like the enemy/ hostile/ heavy-handed/ occupying force/ draconian. ? Clues: army vehicles/ soldiers/ white males/ armed/ in big tank-like vehicles/ Casspirs towering over an unarmed woman.

? Only award 1 mark for the description of negative with a weak support. ? Award full marks for description of negative with well-supported

substantiation. ? The visual clue and description must clearly link to each other.

[Description + 2 clues]

1.3 Identify the form of protest used by the woman. Support your answer with ONE visual clue.

[LEVEL 2] ? Form of protest: peaceful/ nonviolent/ defiance/ passion/ unarmed/

individual protest ? Clue: unarmed/ standing on her own with arms and fists in the air/

Amandla! sign/ people's power stance

[2 for judgement + 2 for clue]

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Page 3 of 19

1.4 Provide an appropriate caption for the photograph from the perspective of a:

1.4.1 United Democratic Front (UDF) pamphlet

[LEVEL 4] Caption must be short and show the UDF's negative perspective of the government and/or highlight the bravery of the woman protesting on her own/ highlight the failure of the government to stop protest.

[Any relevant response that shows appropriate bias in favour of protester]

1.4.2 National Party newspaper

[LEVEL 4] Caption must be short and show the newspaper's positive perspective of the government and/or highlight the bravery or strength of the army or young men; describe woman as communist or terrorist or a victim of communist propaganda who is powerless against the force of the military/ comment on strength of government/ protection given by government.

[Any relevant response that shows appropriate bias in favour of government]

1.5 How might the Anti-Apartheid Movement have responded to this photograph?

[LEVEL 4] ? Shock, disapproval. (Positive and negative responses not accepted

without an explanation) ? Pressure placed on National Party government to remove the troops. ? Anti-Apartheid Movement may have used images in protest against the

apartheid state. ? Sanctions or call for sanctions ? Supportive of/ sympathetic to protesting woman

[Any accurate, relevant response]

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QUESTION 2

TEXTUAL SOURCE ANALYSIS

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2.1 Provide TWO quotes from the source to define Black Consciousness.

[LEVEL 2] ? 'Black is Beautiful' ? '... inspired our youth to shed themselves of the sense of inferiority' ? '... assert yourself and be self-reliant ...' ? "...they walked tall..."

[Any TWO quotes, no paraphrasing]

2.2 What does Mandela believe was the most important contribution of the Black Consciousness Movement? Provide ONE quote to support your answer.

[LEVEL 4] ? The message to motivate people into activism/ action/ freeing

themselves/ ignited a passion in the youth/ democratic principles/ fight for change ? 'He understood that an enslaved people through their actions make freedom ...' ? 'He was focused on how to get our people into action, on how we can achieve freedom ...' ? "Black is Beautiful" ? "...inspired our youth to shed themselves of the sense of inferiority"

[2 marks for contribution and 2 marks for any ONE quote The contribution and quote must clearly link to one another; if the contribution is incorrect and the quote correct receives no marks as the candidate would then have misunderstood the question]

2.3 Why was a 'link-up between the ANC and the Black Consciousness Movement' regarded as 'unthinkable' by the South African government? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.

[LEVEL 3] ? Collaboration between the ANC and the Black Consciousness

Movement would signify unification or greater unity of the resistance movements and would make it harder to repress protest and uprisings against the government. ? It would weaken the government's ability to repress opposition. ? The ANC was banned and the Black Consciousness Movement would gain ideas and influence for the ANC inside South Africa if they worked together. ? The ANC was banned and thus the government would not allow collaboration. ? The aim of the government was to divide and conquer resistance and this idea of unity went against their policy. ? ANC and BCM ideologically different thus incompatible

[Any ONE accurate, relevant response]

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2.4 Provide ONE piece of evidence from the source to show that resistance to apartheid was dangerous during the 1970s?

[LEVEL 2] ? He forged a space in the midst of repression ? He was arrested ? Meetings were held in secret/ clandestine meetings ? Describes Biko as brave and courageous

[Any ONE quote or paraphrased answer]

2.5 Explain Nelson Mandela's perspective of Steve Biko. Provide THREE pieces of evidence from the source to support your answer.

[LEVEL 4 and 6] ? Mandela supported Biko/ Mandela saw Biko as essential to the

movement or as a key figure in the success of the Movement / saw him as as a powerful symbol for the youth/ positive/ brave/ influential/ important/ inclusive influence (Any one for 2 marks) ? Emotional words: 'brave/ courageous'. ? Praise/ heroism/ use of positive metaphors: 'he forged a space'/ 'he was the spark'/ 'he ignited a passion'. ? Inclusive: consulted with a broad spectrum ? "helped shape democratic South Africa" ? Heroism: 'he inspired'/ 'he understood'/ Shows that he endured hardship for a greater cause: he forged a space in the midst of repression/ he was arrested.

[All 3 pieces of evidence must match perspective and multiple perspectives and supporting evidence accepted for full marks. Variation is accepted but 3 linked pieces of evidence important.]

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QUESTION 3

CURRENT ISSUE IN THE MEDIA

Page 6 of 19

3.1 Use your own knowledge to explain the position held by each of the following historical personalities in creating a democratic South Africa in the 1990s?

[ALL LEVEL 1 and 2]

3.1.1 Cyril Ramaphosa

Chief negotiator for the ANC during Codesa; helped to reach compromise agreements during the negotiation process/ record of understanding/ high profile position in the ANC.

3.1.2 Archbishop Desmond Tutu

Called for sanctions to be maintained to pressurise the government to negotiate/ Head of Truth and Reconciliation Commission/ supported peaceful protest against the government during the 1980s/ Archbishop of the Anglican Church/ chairperson of the TRC/ leader of the World Council of Churches.

[Any relevant, accurate information]

3.2 Find a historical concept in the source that best fits each of the following definitions. Write down only the historical concept. (No explanation is required.)

[ALL LEVEL 2]

3.2.1 An official pardon for political crimes.

Amnesty

3.2.2 A South African policy of racial discrimination.

Apartheid

3.2.3 Ending conflict between former enemies or groups on opposing sides.

Reconciliation/ conciliatory

3.2.4 South Africa's legislative body, made up of elected representatives.

Parliament

3.3 According to the article, what was Dr Boraine's greatest achievement?

[LEVEL 2] Launching and running the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

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Page 7 of 19

3.4 According to this article, did Boraine believe that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission had failed in its dealings with perpetrators of apartheid crimes? Support your answer with evidence from the source.

[LEVEL 6] ? The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) did not fail in its

dealings with perpetrators. ? The TRC had the strictest amnesty conditions in the world and most

people did not receive amnesty. ? The TRC could not prosecute perpetrators, only the judicial system

could prosecute perpetrators. The authorities failed or refused to pursue the cases and those who committed atrocities were never prosecuted for their crimes. ? The authorities failed to prosecute the perpetrators who were not granted amnesty.

[2 marks for explanation and 4 marks for evidence. Candidates must identify that the TRC could not prosecute and thus the judicial system failed to follow up on TRC findings. If the stand is incorrect no marks will be awarded as this is a Level 6 response]

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SECTION B

SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

Page 8 of 19

Refer to Source A

4. Write down TWO principles Dr Martin Luther King Jr contributed to the Civil Rights Movement.

[LEVEL 2] ? Equality. ? Nonviolence/ peaceful protest/ change through peaceful means.

[Must have both points: equality and non-violence]

5. Provide ONE piece of evidence from the source to show that Dr Martin Luther King Jr was the key to the success of the Civil Rights Movement.

[LEVEL 2] Kings message added to the movements numbers/ increased the movements following/ moral strength/ unquestionable leader/ change through peaceful means

[May be paraphrased or quoted]

6. Use your own knowledge to explain why Dr Martin Luther King Jr was '... one of the most hated men of his time ...' during the 1960s. Provide TWO comprehensive points.

[LEVEL 4] ? He was hated by white supremacists because he challenged the racist

traditions and the laws of the segregated South. ? He was accused of encouraging violence and was seen as a national

security threat by the FBI. ? His methods were deemed too slow and neglectful of the Northern

states by the Black Power Movement and Malcolm X/ younger generation of African Americans/ African American communities living in ghettoes in the northern states. ? Taking undue credit for success of the Civil Rights Movement. ? Inclusivity versus self-reliance ? policy difference ? Vietnam: anti-Vietnam stance caused tension

[Any two relevant responses or points]

Refer to Source B

7. Use your own knowledge to name TWO legislative successes achieved by the Civil Rights Movement in the mid-1960s.

[LEVEL 1] ? Civil Rights Act (1964) ? Voting Rights Act (1965) / Voting Act

[Dates are not required]

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