20th Century America



GUided Questions and assignmentsDue _______Tuesday April 19_______________________WORLD WAR I RECAP – Boom to Bust (1914-1939) PowerpointWhich of the four themes do you think is most significant and why?What makes the “If World War I Was A Bar Fight” an appropriate metaphor for the war? Think in terms of the “Nation State” theme.Why did America originally hope to remain neutral?Do you think it was inevitable that the US would have to become involved? Why or why not?Look at Wilson’s War Message to Congress on p. 417 of The American Reader. There is also a link on slide the Power Point. Write down a quote that justifies American involvement in the war and explain what you think makes this statement particularly powerful.Read through the “Eyewitness to History account of The Treaty of Versailles. Write down a sentence that sets the mood of Germany’s shame.How does the last line of the eyewitness account seem to foreshadow WWII? “We kept our seats while the Germans were conducted like prisoners from the dock, their eyes still fixed upon some distant point of the horizon.” Why were the European victors (England in particular) wary of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?Why did the Americans ultimately refuse to ratify the League of Nations?THEMES OF REVOLUTION, RISK, AND RACE – Boom to Bust (1914-1939) PowerpointWhat do you know about Communism? Don’t look at the slide. I’m just trying to see what you know.Watch the video of Lenin speaking to the crowd. What do you notice?Watch the cartoon “Peace, Land, and Bread?” What do you think was attractive about the idea of Communism?Skim through both eyewitness accounts and watch the video on the “Assassination of Nicholas II of Russia.” What are your impressions of the actions and attitudes of the Bolsheviks?Watch the History Channel Video: Why is there speculation that the Romanovs survived?As a participant in global affairs, the US remains vulnerable to pandemics like the devastating postwar Influenza outbreak. Watch the news video. What measures are being taken (or suggested) to prevent the spread of the Zika Virus?Think beyond the literal spread of a virus. What kinds of things do people worry will “spread” to the US as a result of our international relations?What do you think? Do the benefits of international relations outweigh the risk? Why or why not?According to the Chicago Tribune, what were some things that made the tensions so high in 1919?10. However, as a positive result of The Great Migration was the Harlem Renaissance. Click on the link biographies of famous Harlem Renaissance artists. Find one whose art (music, art, literature) you like and explain what you like about it.THEMES OF the 1920s – Boom to Bust (1914-1939) PowerpointWhich of the four themes do you think is most significant and why?In what ways do you think F. Scott Fitzgerald or Ernest Hemingway reflected the life of the 20s and of the Lost Generation?What are your impressions of the 1st radio news broadcast?Look at the Norman Rockwell covers. Find one you like and send it to me on Instagram @THSAMERICA and #THSAMERICA. (15 Pt separate grade due by Tuesday)What do you think the cover you chose reflects about American life?What do you notice about the images conveyed in the 1920s ads?According to the video, how does the Pole Sitting fad reflect the times?What are your impressions of the video account of Lindberg’s flight?Read through the bio on Lindbergh. What information is surprising OR what observation can you make about the burden of celebrity?”Look at the Sports Illustrated Link. What do you think is the most significant sporting event of the 20th century and why? Read the Article on “Why Sports History is American History.” Annotate it (turn in with the questions on Tuesday – separate 20 pt grade – remember – Don’t just highlight. Make notes (lots of them)Summarize the main idea…..Why Is Sports History also American History?World War II 1939-1945themes and broad strokesIsolationism in a world of Conflict - Despite American unease about the growing threats in Europe and the Pacific, the American public in 1939 would not support US involvement in another European war. FDR became increasingly convinced that the US would have to act, so, under great pressure from Churchill, he gradually steered America toward the conflict by seeking political support for military armaments and financial aid. By the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, the American public recognized that it had to join the fight.rhetoric triumphs - After France fell to the Nazis, Germany sought to win the Battle of Britain by breaking down the British morale. However, Churchill’s powerful rhetoric inspired the English people who were able to hold on until America finally entered the War in 1941. Furthermore, FDR’s famous “Four Freedoms Speech” made it clear that we had a moral responsibility to protect liberty wherever it is threatened.Good vs. Evil – German and Japanese atrocities, the growing evidence of the Holocaust, and Mussolini’s fascism led to a real fear that the world could fall into the hands of evil dictators. As a part of the “Arsenal of Democracy,” the US helped lead the fight for liberty against tyranny.American Industrial Might – With a willing pre-war workforce, the American military machine was already in high gear by 1941. The amount of American military production was astounding. ‘The Homefront” - Women and minorities eagerly and capably filled the jobs that the men at the front left behind. People gladly sacrificed luxuries, bought war bonds, and grew victory gardens in the effort to defeat the evil empires.The Greatest Generation This title of a recent book by journalist Tom Brokaw described this generation who had survived the Depression only to be tested again in an epic battle against evil. The strains they faced often seemed unbearable, but the men and women of this generation faced their tasks with a sense of duty and without complaint. terminologypeopleAdolph HitlerWinston ChurchillJoseph P KennedyJoseph StalinKing George VIRosie the RiveterGeneral George PattonGeneral Dwight D. EisenhowerJ. Robert OppenheimerPaul TibbetsPresident Harry TrumaneventsHitler Seizes PowerThe Rape of NankingKristallnachtThe Munich ConferenceThe BlitzkriegEngland and France Declare War on GermanyRoosevelt and Churchill Sign the Atlantic CharterRoosevelt Delivers the Four Freedoms SpeechJapan Bombs Pearl HarborThe Battle of StalingradD-DayIwo JimaHitler commits suicideVE Liberation of AuschwitzHiroshima/NagasakiV-J DayDeath of RooseveltTHingsFascismNazismIsolationismAnti-SemitismThe Axis PowersSpanish Civil War The Battle of BritainThe Lend Lease ActThe War Powers ActInternment CampsIsland HoppingThe Manhattan ProjectYalta1945-1960: happy daysthemes and broad Strokes Superpower emerging– American military might had undoubtedly been a determining factor in the WWII victory over totalitarianism. However, victory had come at a huge price, for the atom bomb gave us the ability to destroy the world. While America led the way in its development and was the first to use the bomb, war would be different now. Real Fear and Paranoia – Churchill warned that an “iron curtain” had descended over Europe as Stalin sought to spread Communism to defeated and poor nations. Fearful of the Communist ideology and of Stalin’s tyranny, Americans would stop at nothing to keep another totalitarian philosophy from destroy the world as Nazism had almost done. The US would begin to pursue a policy of containment (supported by military force as necessary) in order to keep the evil empire from spreading.Suburbia – Now that they had made the world safe for democracy, returning GIs came to a grateful nation. The baby boom began, the GI Bill allowed veterans to get job training and college educations, and the booming interstate system and “Levittowns” brought the growth of suburbs and the ideal family. The World in our Living Rooms – The new television media created an idealized culture and a view of the greater world. In general, it provided a sanitized version of daily life through happy tv shows, it glorified the adventures of the West and of war heroes, and it created a celebrity culture of entertainers, sports figures, and even politicians. However, at times, it raised awareness of troubling issues like McCarthyism and the brutality of racial prejudice as the news media began to recognize its vast power.peoplePresident Harry Truman President Dwight D EisenhowerKim Il SungMao Tse TungDouglas MacArthurSenator Joseph McCarthyPresident Dwight D. EisenhowerEd SullivanElvis PresleyJackie Robinson Marin Luther KingEventsWinston Churchill delivers his Iron Curtain SpeechFormation of the State of IsraelThe Berlin AirliftThe Korean War Begins“Dewey Defeats Truman”Stalin DiesHave you No ShameEthel and Julius Rosenberg ExecutedThe Soviet Union Launches SputnikBrown vs. Board of Education Rosa Parks ArrestedLittle Rock Arkansas Military Advisors sent to VietnamThingsThe Cold WarThe United NationsContainmentThe Marshall PlanNATOThe 38th ParallelThe GI Bill “The Buck Stops Here”1950s Television ShowsBlacklisstingBaby BoomLevittownsNASAThe Beat Generation The SCLCThe Sit In Movement1960s and 70s: Hope to DespairThemes and Broad StrokesThe Torch is Passed to a new Cold Warrior – America in the 1950s had been led by aging World War II leaders like Eisenhower, but JFK’s campaign and election meant that America was now led by a WWII war hero who was young enough and brave enough to take on the mighty yet backward Soviets.Urgency in Civil Rights – As the news media broadcast ugly images of Southern resistance to integration, the United States lost some of its credibility as a super power. Toward the end of his presidency, JFK finally began to embrace the Civil Rights Movement and the articulate Martin Luther King, Jr. Despite having to fight internal battles against those who advocated violence as a means of change, MLK continued to lead the Civil Rights Movement in a non-violent struggle for legal victories until his 1968 assassination.Escalation and Distrust – The brutal assassination of JFK robbed the public of its leader and its hope. His, successor, LBJ pursued American policies to prevent the spread of Communism in Vietnam, and the US became deadlocked in an escalating guerilla war with no way out. America sentiment against the war grew as the US continued its military activity, and the counterculture of hippies and flower children gained power through protest.The Triumph of the Media The same news media that had created an idealized Camelot began to depict the reality of the tumultuous times. News reports by Walter Cronkite and the printing of the Pentagon Papers revealed that the government had been lying to the public about the progress of the Vietnam War, and the Washington Post’s investigative reporting led to the Nixon’s resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal. Downward Spiral – Assassinations, a failed war, a lying president, a questionable pardon, and an economic downturn characterized this period as one of despair and disappointment. Jimmy Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” speech in the late 1970s left the American public amazed at the lack of optimistic leadership. America needed a strong leader to restore its glory, and it would get this leader in the form of Ronald Reagan.peoplePresident John F. KennedyRobert F. KennedyPresident Lyndon JohnsonGeorge Wallace/Bull ConnorMalcolm XMedgar EversMarilyn MonroeLee Harvey OswaldHo Chi MinhWalter CronkiteHo Chi MinhCesar ChavezRichard NixonWoodward and BernsteineventsJohn F. Kennedy ElectedJames Meredith integrates the University of MississippiGeorge Wallace in the Schoolhouse DoorKennedy says “Ich Bin Berliner”March on WashingtonThe Cuban Missile CrisisAlan ShepardKennedy AssassinatedLBJ Signs the Civil Rights ActMarch on SelmaLBJ Signs the Voting Rights AcWatts RiotsGulf of Tonkin IncidentThe Tet OffensiveMy LaiMLK AssassinatedRFK AssassinatedChicago RiotsNixon ElectedChappaquidickMan Lands on the Moon Kent State MassacreNixon Visits ChinaRoe V. WadeTerrorism at MunichWatergate BurglaryNixon ResignsFord Pardons NixonJimmy Carter ElectedthingsBombinghamThe Bay of PigsCamelotThe Warren CommissionThe Peace CorpsThe Great SocietyThe Black PanthersDomino TheoryViet CongJungle WarfareAgent OrangeProtest MusicThe Counter CultureThe Pentagon PapersThe Feminine MystiqueNOWSilent SpringCREEPImpeachmentCamp David AccordsThe Crisis of Confidence SpeechSaturday Night LiveThe Iran Hostage Crisis1980-PRESENT: sHIFTING sANDSThemes and Broad StrokesHighs and Lows of Presidential Leadership – While Reagan (The Great Communicator) restored our faith in government, even he had a few slips. Subsequent presidents (George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W Bush) have left mixed legacies. Barack Obama became the 1st African American elected to the presidency although Washington’s political climate is tough and, like most modern presidents, he has as many critics as he does supporters. The 2016 Presidential election is unprecedented in its divisiveness.Economic Volatility From the “me” generation philosophy and Wall Street excesses of the 1980s to the more recent housing market bubble the last 36 years have seen economic highs and lows. The growing deficit, rising and falling gas prices, Ponzi schemes, banking scandals and the huge credit card industry have all contributed to a general economic unease.The Cold War “Ends” but The Middle East Looms Larger Reagan emerged as an elder statesman who skillfully brought down the Soviet Empire during the 1980s, but we still face threats from a powerful yet totalitarian China and more, significantly, a frighteningly isolationist yet militarily strong North Korea. Yet, American dependence on foreign oil, its support of Israel, and its determination to restrain religious fundamentalism (Al Qaida and Isis in particular) has made the US a surprisingly vulnerable target of extremist groups.Technology: Unquestionable Benefits Amid Ethical Concerns – Recent years have brought unquestionable benefits particularly in communication and medical technology. Yet, these advancements have led to ethical concerns. The inability to ‘unplug’, the lack of privacy, the ability to “play God” medically are just some of the concerns that Americans must strive to address in the modern age.America Supersized – As a superpower over the last several decades, America has gotten a reputation as a land of excess. Some critics say we continue to be “a City Upon a Hill” determined to impose its brand of democracy on the rest of the world. Others say our pursuit of the American Dream has caused us to lose perspective on other markers of success. At any rate, America has a responsibility to project its virtue on the world stage while it strives to maintain its identify and resolve its massive struggles (especially in issues of equality).A Divided NationpeopleRonald ReaganGorbachavQadafiAyatollahSaddam HusseinPresident George HW BushPresident Bill ClintonHillary ClintonMonica LewisnskyeventsReagan is shotThe Berlin Wall FallsSaddam invades KuwaitOklahoma City Bombing The Olympic Park BombingStem Cell Research September 11 Terror AttacksthingsMTVSilicon ValleyAIDSGlastnost/PeristroikaThe Iran Contra AffairThe Persian Gulf War“It’s the Economy Stupid”The InternetNAFTAThe Patriot Act ................
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