Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

[Pages:222]Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

Census 2000 Special Reports

Issued November 2002

CENSR-4

By Frank Hobbs and Nicole Stoops

U S C E N S U S B U R E A U

Helping You Make Informed Decisions ?1902-2002

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Acknowledgments

This report was prepared by Frank Hobbs and Nicole Stoops under the general direction of John F. Long, Chief, Population Division. Numerous U.S. Census Bureau staff contributed to the data compilation, review, and publication production.

In the Population Division, Marie Pees, Chief, Census Activities and Tabulation Staff, provided key information about the availability and comparability of historical census data, as well as Census 2000 data tabulations, and Todd Gardner, Population Distribution Branch, provided significant contributions to the data compilation and understanding of the metropolitan population data. In the Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division, Leonard J. Norry, Assistant Division Chief, Jeanne Woodward, Chief, Housing Statistics Branch, and William S. Chapin, Housing Statistics Branch, provided similarly vital contributions pertaining to the housing data.

Special thanks are due to Campbell Gibson, Population Division, for his contributions to multiple phases of the production of this report. He contributed significantly to the compilation and understanding of the race and Hispanic-origin data and the households and families data. The authors are especially grateful for his thorough review of the whole report and the generous sharing of his interest in and his knowledge and breadth of understanding of historical Census Bureau data and demographic trends.

The authors are grateful to other Population Division staff for their contributions to the verification and review of the data and information contained in this report. We thank Robert A. Kominski, Assistant Division Chief, Social and Demographic Statistics, for his general direction and review, and Michael Ratcliffe, Chief, Population Distribution Branch, Jorge del Pinal, Assistant Division Chief, Special Populations, Annetta Smith, Chief, Age and Sex Statistics Branch, Gregory Spencer, Chief, Population Projections Branch, Kevin Deardorff, Chief, Ethnic and Hispanic Statistics Branch, and Claudette Bennett, Chief, Race Statistics Branch, for their review of specific chapters of the report. We thank Marjorie Hanson, Population Division, for the improvements added by her review of the complete text of the report. For verification, the authors thank Donna Defibaugh, Andres Claudio, Marylou Unsell, and Debra Niner, Population Division.

In the Geography Division, the authors would like to thank the Cartographic Operations Branch, including Timothy Trainor, Chief, Constance Beard, Tracy Corder, and Deanna Fowler for assistance in the geographic representation of the state population data, and Frederick R. Broome for assistance with the U.S. centers of population trends.

Greg Carroll, Penny Heiston, Jan Sweeney, Elizabeth J. Williams, and Arlene Butler of the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publication and printing management, graphics design, and composition and editorial review for print and electronic media. General direction and project management were provided by Gary J. Lauffer, Chief, Publication Services Branch.

Finally, the authors wish to thank the many Population Division and Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division staff, both past and present, whose subject matter contributions to each decennial census of the 20th century helped make the production of this report possible.

Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

Issued November 2002

CENSR-4

U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary

Samuel W. Bodman, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper,

Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon,

Director

Suggested Citation

Hobbs, Frank and Nicole Stoops, U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Special

Reports, Series CENSR-4, Demographic Trends in the 20th Century,

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002.

ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION

Economics and Statistics Administration

Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director William G. Barron, Jr., Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer Preston Jay Waite, Acting Principal Associate Director for Programs Nancy M. Gordon, Associate Director for Demographic Programs John F. Long, Chief, Population Division

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore. Phone: toll free 866-512-1800; DC area 202-512-1800 Fax: 202-512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001

Table of Contents

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

Chapter

1. Population Size and Geographic Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

2. Age and Sex Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3. Race and Hispanic Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4. Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

5. Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Text Table

1-1. States Experiencing Intercensal Population Decline: 1900-1910 to 1990-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1-2. States Ranked by Population Size: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . 29 1-3. Ten Most Populous Metropolitan Areas: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . 37 2-1. Ten States With the Highest Percents Under Age 15 and

Age 65 and Over: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3-1. Ten States With the Highest Percents Black, American

Indian and Alaska Native, and Asian and Pacific Islander: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Figure 1-1. Total Population: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1-2. Population Increase by Decade: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1-3. World Population Distribution: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1-4. Population Density: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1-5. Mean and Median Centers of Population: 1900 to 2000 . . . . 17 1-6. Total Population by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1-7. Population Distribution by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . 19 1-8. Percent Change in Population per Decade by Region:

1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1-9. Population Density by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1-10. Total Population by State: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . 23 1-11. Increase in Total Population by State: 1900-2000 . . . . . . . . . 24 1-12. Percent Change in Total Population by State:

1900-1950 and 1950-2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1-13. Population Density by State: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . 31 1-14. Total Population by Metropolitan Status: 1910 to 2000 . . . . 32 1-15. Percent of Total Population Living in Metropolitan Areas

and in Their Central Cities and Suburbs: 1910 to 2000 . . . . 33

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Demographic Trends in the 20th Century iii

1-16. Percent of Total Population Living in Metropolitan Areas by Size of Metropolitan Area Population: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

1-17. Population Density by Metropolitan Area Status: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1-18. Percent of Population Living in Metropolitan Areas by Region: 1910 to 2000 . . . . . . 41 1-19. Percent of Population Living in Metropolitan Areas

by State: 1910, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 1-20. Percent of Total Population Living in the Ten Largest Cities: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . 45

2-1. Total Population by Age and Sex: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2-2. Age and Sex Distribution of the Total Population: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . 54 2-3. Total Population by Broad Age Group: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 2-4. Percent Distribution of the Total Population by Age: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2-5. Median Age: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2-6. Population Age 65 and Over: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2-7. Percent of Total Population Age 65 and Over: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2-8. Percent Under Age 15 and Percent Age 65 and Over by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . 60 2-9. Sex Ratio: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 2-10. Sex Ratio by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 2-11. Sex Ratio by State: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 2-12. Sex Ratio by Metropolitan Area Status: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 2-13. Sex Ratio by Broad Age Group: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

3-1. Total Population by Race: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 3-2. Population of Races Other Than White or Black by Race: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 75 3-3. Distribution of Total Population by Race: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3-4. Percent Races Other Than White or Black by Race: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3-5. Hispanic Population and Percent Hispanic of Total Population: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . 78 3-6. Average Annual Growth Rate by Race: 1900-1950, 1950-2000, and 1900-2000 . . . . 79 3-7. Percent Change in Population Size by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1980-2000 . . . . . . 81 3-8. Regional Distribution of Total Population by Race: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 3-9. Percent Races Other Than White by Race and Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3-10. Hispanic Population Distribution by Region: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 3-11. Percent Hispanic of Regional Population: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 3-12. Percent Minority by Region: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3-13. Percent Races Other Than White by State: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 3-14. Percent Two or More Races by State: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 3-15. Percent Hispanic by State: 1980 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 3-16. Percent Minority by State: 1980 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 3-17. Percent Metropolitan by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 3-18. Age and Sex Distribution of the Total Population by Race: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . 103 3-19. Age and Sex Distribution of the Total Population by

Hispanic Origin: 1980 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 3-20. Median Age by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3-21. Percent Minority by Broad Age Group: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3-22. Percent Under Age 15 by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

iv Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

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3-23. Percent Age 65 and Over by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3-24. Sex Ratio by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

4-1. Total Housing Units by Occupancy Status: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 4-2. Distribution of Total Housing Units by Occupancy Status: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . 119 4-3. Vacancy Rate by Region: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 4-4. Vacancy Rate by State: 1940 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 4-5. Occupied Housing Units by Tenure: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4-6. Distribution of Occupied Housing Units by Tenure: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4-7. Percent Owner-Occupied Housing Units by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 4-8. Percent Owner-Occupied Housing Units by State: 1900, 1950, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . 129 4-9. Percent Owner-Occupied Housing Units by Metropolitan Status: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . 130 4-10. Homeownership Rate by Age of Householder: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 4-11. Homeownership Rate by Race and Hispanic Origin of Householder: 1980 and 2000 . . 132 4-12. Homeownership Rate by Household Size: 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

5-1. Households by Size: 1900 and 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 5-2. Distribution of Households by Size: 1900 and 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 5-3. Average Household Size: 1900 and 1930 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 5-4. Total Households by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 5-5. Distribution of Households by Region: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 5-6. Total Households by Age of Householder: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5-7. Distribution of Households by Age of Householder: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5-8. Households by Type: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 5-9. Distribution of Households by Type: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 5-10. Percent One-Person Households by Region: 1900 and 1940 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 5-11. Percent One-Person Households by State: 1940, 1970, and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 5-12. One-Person Households by Age and Sex of Householder: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . 155 5-13. Distribution of One-Person Households by Age and Sex of

Householder: 1960 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 5-14. Percent One-Person Households Within Specific Age-Sex Groups: 1960 to 2000 . . . . 157 5-15. Percent of Households With a Female Householder by Type of

Household: 1970 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 5-16. Percent Female Householders of Total Householders by Type of Household

and Race and Hispanic Origin of the Householder: 1980 and 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5-17. Percent of Family Households With Own Children Under 18 by Family

Type and Age of Children: 1950 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Appendix A. Detailed Tables

Table

1. Total Population for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . A-1

2. Population Density for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . A-2

3. Population by Metropolitan Status for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

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Demographic Trends in the 20th Century v

Part A. Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Part B. Nonmetropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 Part C. Percent Metropolitan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

4. Total Population, Population Change, and Population Ranking for the Ten Largest Cities in the United States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

5. Population by Age and Sex for the United States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Part A. Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 Part B. Percent Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8 Part C. Selected Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 Part D. Percent Distribution for Selected Age Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 Part E. Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

6. Population by Sex for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . A-12 Part A. Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Part B. Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13 Part C. Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14

7. Population by Broad Age Group for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 Part A. Population Under 15 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15 Part B. Population 15 to 64 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 Part C. Population 65 Years and Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Part D. Percent Under 15 Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 Part E. Percent 65 Years and Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19

8. Population by Race for the United States, Regions, and States: 1900 to 1990 . . . . . . A-20 Part A. White Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 Part B. Black Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21 Part C. American Indian and Alaska Native Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 Part D. Asian and Pacific Islander Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23 Part E. Other Race Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24 Part F. Percent White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25 Part G. Percent Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26 Part H. Percent American Indian and Alaska Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-27 Part I. Percent Asian and Pacific Islander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-28 Part J. Percent Other Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-29

9. Population by Race for the United States, Regions, and States: 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30 Part A. Race Alone and Two or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-30 Part B. Race Alone or in Combination With One or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-31 Part C. Percent Distribution by Race Alone and Two or More Races . . . . . . . . . . . . A-32 Part D. Percent Race Alone or in Combination With One or More Races . . . . . . . . . A-33

10. Hispanic, Non-Hispanic, and White Non-Hispanic Population for the United States, Regions, and States: 1980 to 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34 Part A. Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-34 Part B. Percent of Total Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35

vi Demographic Trends in the 20th Century

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