All participants were required to: cease any proton pump ...



Temporal relationship between night-time gastro-oesophageal reflux events and arousals from sleep: SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENTMETHODSProtocolParticipants attended the Respiratory Sleep Disorders Clinic at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in the morning for insertion of a 24-hour pH-impedance catheter after which they left the hospital to carry out their usual daily activities. To assist with interpretation of pH data, each participant was asked to keep a diary of all activities throughout the day, including periods of recumbency, meals, medications and any GER symptoms they experienced. They returned to the clinic in the evening and were fed a standardised meal consisting of meat/fish, mixed vegetables, bread and ice cream, following which they were set up for PSG and simultaneous pH/impedance monitoring.All participants were required to: cease any proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2-receptor antagonists 7 days prior to the study; cease any antacids 24 hours prior to the study and remain off them for the duration of the study; and fast for a minimum of 6 hours prior to catheter insertion. Specific techniquesPolysomnographyIn-laboratory PSG was conducted according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Berry</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1390</RecNum><DisplayText>(26)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1390</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="1513558981">1390</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Berry, R.B.</author><author>Brooks, R.</author><author>Gamaldo, C.E.</author><author>Harding, S.M.</author><author>Lloyd, R.M.</author><author>Marcus, C.L.</author><author>Vaughn, B.V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifcations, Version 2.2</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>.</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(26) and included monitoring of EEG, left and right EOG, submental and tibial EMG, electrocardiogram (ECG), abdominal and thoracic motion; nasal and oral airflow; nasal pressure; oxygen saturation; body position and sound (Grael, Compumedics, Melbourne, Australia). Classification of sleep stage, arousals and respiratory events were performed according to standard criteria.PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZXJyeTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl

Y051bT4xMzg4PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PigyNyk8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+

PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTM4ODwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIg

ZGItaWQ9Inh3enM5cGF0ZGY1ZnNzZXplOXB4enZkeDV0cHNweGU1djAwZiIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIx

NTA1ODA1MTcxIj4xMzg4PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJu

YWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5C

ZXJyeSwgUi4gQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJ1ZGhpcmFqYSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y

PkdvdHRsaWViLCBELiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R296YWwsIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv

cj5JYmVyLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2FwdXIsIFYuIEsuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5N

YXJjdXMsIEMuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NZWhyYSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBh

cnRoYXNhcmF0aHksIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5RdWFuLCBTLiBGLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo

b3I+UmVkbGluZSwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN0cm9obCwgSy4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0

aG9yPkRhdmlkc29uIFdhcmQsIFMuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5UYW5ncmVkaSwgTS4gTS48

L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Vbml2ZXJzaXR5

IG9mIEZsb3JpZGEgSGVhbHRoIFNjaWVuY2UgQ2VudGVyLCBHYWluZXN2aWxsZSwgRkwgMzI2MTAs

IFVTQS4gcmljaGFyZC5iZXJyeUBtZWRpY2luZS51ZmwuZWR1PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxl

cz48dGl0bGU+UnVsZXMgZm9yIHNjb3JpbmcgcmVzcGlyYXRvcnkgZXZlbnRzIGluIHNsZWVwOiB1

cGRhdGUgb2YgdGhlIDIwMDcgQUFTTSBNYW51YWwgZm9yIHRoZSBTY29yaW5nIG9mIFNsZWVwIGFu

ZCBBc3NvY2lhdGVkIEV2ZW50cy4gRGVsaWJlcmF0aW9ucyBvZiB0aGUgU2xlZXAgQXBuZWEgRGVm

aW5pdGlvbnMgVGFzayBGb3JjZSBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gQWNhZGVteSBvZiBTbGVlcCBNZWRp

Y2luZTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIENsaW4gU2xlZXAgTWVkPC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt

dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIHNsZWVwIG1lZGljaW5lIDogSkNT

TSA6IG9mZmljaWFsIHB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBBY2FkZW15IG9mIFNsZWVw

IE1lZGljaW5lPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBD

bGluIFNsZWVwIE1lZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjU5Ny02MTk8L3Bh

Z2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+ODwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTIvMTAv

MTY8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFk

dmlzb3J5IENvbW1pdHRlZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+

PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk

Pk94eWdlbi9ibG9vZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUmVzcGlyYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl

eXdvcmQ+U2xlZXAvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2xlZXAgQXBuZWEgU3lu

ZHJvbWVzL2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uLypkaWFnbm9zaXMvcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3Jk

PjxrZXl3b3JkPlNsZWVwIE1lZGljaW5lIFNwZWNpYWx0eS8qc3RhbmRhcmRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr

ZXl3b3JkPlNvY2lldGllcywgTWVkaWNhbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BQVNNIE1hbnVhbCBm

b3IgdGhlIFNjb3Jpbmcgb2YgU2xlZXAgYW5kIEFzc29jaWF0ZWQgRXZlbnRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr

ZXl3b3JkPkNoZXluZS1TdG9rZXMgYnJlYXRoaW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmFwbmVhIGFu

ZCBoeXBvcG5lYTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5oeXBvdmVudGlsYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl

eXdvcmQ+cmVzcGlyYXRvcnkgZWZmb3J0IHJlbGF0ZWQgYXJvdXNhbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv

cmQ+c2NvcmluZyByZXNwaXJhdG9yeSBldmVudHMgaW4gc2xlZXA8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+

c2xlZXAgYXBuZWEgZGVmaW5pdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+

MjAxMjwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk9jdCAxNTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2Rh

dGVzPjxpc2JuPjE1NTAtOTM4OTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMzA2NjM3NjwvYWNjZXNz

aW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+UE1DMzQ1OTIxMDwvY3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ry

b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuNTY2NC9qY3NtLjIxNzI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2Ut

bnVtPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlk

ZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=

ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5CZXJyeTwvQXV0aG9yPjxZZWFyPjIwMTI8L1llYXI+PFJl

Y051bT4xMzg4PC9SZWNOdW0+PERpc3BsYXlUZXh0PigyNyk8L0Rpc3BsYXlUZXh0PjxyZWNvcmQ+

PHJlYy1udW1iZXI+MTM4ODwvcmVjLW51bWJlcj48Zm9yZWlnbi1rZXlzPjxrZXkgYXBwPSJFTiIg

ZGItaWQ9Inh3enM5cGF0ZGY1ZnNzZXplOXB4enZkeDV0cHNweGU1djAwZiIgdGltZXN0YW1wPSIx

NTA1ODA1MTcxIj4xMzg4PC9rZXk+PC9mb3JlaWduLWtleXM+PHJlZi10eXBlIG5hbWU9IkpvdXJu

YWwgQXJ0aWNsZSI+MTc8L3JlZi10eXBlPjxjb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGhvcnM+PGF1dGhvcj5C

ZXJyeSwgUi4gQi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPkJ1ZGhpcmFqYSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9y

PkdvdHRsaWViLCBELiBKLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+R296YWwsIEQuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhv

cj5JYmVyLCBDLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRob3I+S2FwdXIsIFYuIEsuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5N

YXJjdXMsIEMuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5NZWhyYSwgUi48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlBh

cnRoYXNhcmF0aHksIFMuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5RdWFuLCBTLiBGLjwvYXV0aG9yPjxhdXRo

b3I+UmVkbGluZSwgUy48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0aG9yPlN0cm9obCwgSy4gUC48L2F1dGhvcj48YXV0

aG9yPkRhdmlkc29uIFdhcmQsIFMuIEwuPC9hdXRob3I+PGF1dGhvcj5UYW5ncmVkaSwgTS4gTS48

L2F1dGhvcj48L2F1dGhvcnM+PC9jb250cmlidXRvcnM+PGF1dGgtYWRkcmVzcz5Vbml2ZXJzaXR5

IG9mIEZsb3JpZGEgSGVhbHRoIFNjaWVuY2UgQ2VudGVyLCBHYWluZXN2aWxsZSwgRkwgMzI2MTAs

IFVTQS4gcmljaGFyZC5iZXJyeUBtZWRpY2luZS51ZmwuZWR1PC9hdXRoLWFkZHJlc3M+PHRpdGxl

cz48dGl0bGU+UnVsZXMgZm9yIHNjb3JpbmcgcmVzcGlyYXRvcnkgZXZlbnRzIGluIHNsZWVwOiB1

cGRhdGUgb2YgdGhlIDIwMDcgQUFTTSBNYW51YWwgZm9yIHRoZSBTY29yaW5nIG9mIFNsZWVwIGFu

ZCBBc3NvY2lhdGVkIEV2ZW50cy4gRGVsaWJlcmF0aW9ucyBvZiB0aGUgU2xlZXAgQXBuZWEgRGVm

aW5pdGlvbnMgVGFzayBGb3JjZSBvZiB0aGUgQW1lcmljYW4gQWNhZGVteSBvZiBTbGVlcCBNZWRp

Y2luZTwvdGl0bGU+PHNlY29uZGFyeS10aXRsZT5KIENsaW4gU2xlZXAgTWVkPC9zZWNvbmRhcnkt

dGl0bGU+PGFsdC10aXRsZT5Kb3VybmFsIG9mIGNsaW5pY2FsIHNsZWVwIG1lZGljaW5lIDogSkNT

TSA6IG9mZmljaWFsIHB1YmxpY2F0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBBbWVyaWNhbiBBY2FkZW15IG9mIFNsZWVw

IE1lZGljaW5lPC9hbHQtdGl0bGU+PC90aXRsZXM+PHBlcmlvZGljYWw+PGZ1bGwtdGl0bGU+SiBD

bGluIFNsZWVwIE1lZDwvZnVsbC10aXRsZT48L3BlcmlvZGljYWw+PHBhZ2VzPjU5Ny02MTk8L3Bh

Z2VzPjx2b2x1bWU+ODwvdm9sdW1lPjxudW1iZXI+NTwvbnVtYmVyPjxlZGl0aW9uPjIwMTIvMTAv

MTY8L2VkaXRpb24+PGtleXdvcmRzPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFkdWx0PC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPkFk

dmlzb3J5IENvbW1pdHRlZXM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+QWdlIEZhY3RvcnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+

PGtleXdvcmQ+Q2hpbGQ8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+SHVtYW5zPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3Jk

Pk94eWdlbi9ibG9vZDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD4qUmVzcGlyYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl

eXdvcmQ+U2xlZXAvKnBoeXNpb2xvZ3k8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+U2xlZXAgQXBuZWEgU3lu

ZHJvbWVzL2NsYXNzaWZpY2F0aW9uLypkaWFnbm9zaXMvcGh5c2lvcGF0aG9sb2d5PC9rZXl3b3Jk

PjxrZXl3b3JkPlNsZWVwIE1lZGljaW5lIFNwZWNpYWx0eS8qc3RhbmRhcmRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr

ZXl3b3JkPlNvY2lldGllcywgTWVkaWNhbDwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5BQVNNIE1hbnVhbCBm

b3IgdGhlIFNjb3Jpbmcgb2YgU2xlZXAgYW5kIEFzc29jaWF0ZWQgRXZlbnRzPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxr

ZXl3b3JkPkNoZXluZS1TdG9rZXMgYnJlYXRoaW5nPC9rZXl3b3JkPjxrZXl3b3JkPmFwbmVhIGFu

ZCBoeXBvcG5lYTwva2V5d29yZD48a2V5d29yZD5oeXBvdmVudGlsYXRpb248L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtl

eXdvcmQ+cmVzcGlyYXRvcnkgZWZmb3J0IHJlbGF0ZWQgYXJvdXNhbHM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdv

cmQ+c2NvcmluZyByZXNwaXJhdG9yeSBldmVudHMgaW4gc2xlZXA8L2tleXdvcmQ+PGtleXdvcmQ+

c2xlZXAgYXBuZWEgZGVmaW5pdGlvbnM8L2tleXdvcmQ+PC9rZXl3b3Jkcz48ZGF0ZXM+PHllYXI+

MjAxMjwveWVhcj48cHViLWRhdGVzPjxkYXRlPk9jdCAxNTwvZGF0ZT48L3B1Yi1kYXRlcz48L2Rh

dGVzPjxpc2JuPjE1NTAtOTM4OTwvaXNibj48YWNjZXNzaW9uLW51bT4yMzA2NjM3NjwvYWNjZXNz

aW9uLW51bT48dXJscz48L3VybHM+PGN1c3RvbTI+UE1DMzQ1OTIxMDwvY3VzdG9tMj48ZWxlY3Ry

b25pYy1yZXNvdXJjZS1udW0+MTAuNTY2NC9qY3NtLjIxNzI8L2VsZWN0cm9uaWMtcmVzb3VyY2Ut

bnVtPjxyZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlkZXI+TkxNPC9yZW1vdGUtZGF0YWJhc2UtcHJvdmlk

ZXI+PGxhbmd1YWdlPmVuZzwvbGFuZ3VhZ2U+PC9yZWNvcmQ+PC9DaXRlPjwvRW5kTm90ZT5=

ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA (27) The severity of sleep-disordered breathing was defined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which is the average number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep. Arousals and awakenings from sleep were also defined using standard criteria. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Berry</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>1390</RecNum><DisplayText>(26)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1390</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="1513558981">1390</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Berry, R.B.</author><author>Brooks, R.</author><author>Gamaldo, C.E.</author><author>Harding, S.M.</author><author>Lloyd, R.M.</author><author>Marcus, C.L.</author><author>Vaughn, B.V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifcations, Version 2.2</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url>.</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(26) Briefly, an arousal was an increase in EEG frequency that lasted from 3-15 seconds and an awakening was a shift in EEG frequency lasting for >15 seconds. Esophageal pH/impedance monitoringPrior to insertion of the pH/impedance catheter the location of the lower esophageal sphincter was identified manometrically. To do this a pressure catheter with four solid-state pressure transducers (Gaeltec, CTO-4; Dunvegan, Isle of Skye, Scotland; O.D. 2.7mm) was inserted via the nares and positioned with the sensors in the stomach. The location (depth) of the proximal border of the lower esophageal sphincter was identified using a slow pull-through technique. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Kahrilas</Author><Year>1987</Year><RecNum>33</RecNum><DisplayText>(28)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="0">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kahrilas, P.J.</author><author>Dodds, W.J.</author><author>Dent, J.</author><author>Haeberle, B.</author><author>Hogan, W.J.</author><author>Arndorfer, R.C.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Effect of sleep, spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux and a meal on upper esophageal pressure in normal human volunteers</title><secondary-title>Gastroenterol</secondary-title></titles><pages>466-471</pages><volume>92</volume><keywords><keyword>reflux</keyword><keyword>UOS</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1987</year></dates><work-type>Original investigation</work-type><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(28)Esophageal pH/impedance monitoring was conducted using a pH/impedance catheter (VersaFlex pH-Z Catheters, Sierra Scientific, Los Angeles, USA), positioned with the pH sensor 5cm above the proximal border of the lower esophageal sphincter. The pH/impedance catheter was attached to a portable recording device (Digitrapper pH-Z system, Sierra Scientific, Los Angeles, USA). Recordings were analysed using the Accuview Analysis Software (Sierra Scientific, Los Angeles, USA) and automatic analyses were adjusted manually when required. QuestionnairesThe Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (GERQ) was used to define frequency of daytime and nighttime symptoms of GER. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Locke</Author><Year>1997</Year><RecNum>89</RecNum><DisplayText>(29, 30)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>89</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="0">89</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Locke, G.R.</author><author>Talley, N.J.</author><author>Fett, S.L.</author><author>Zinsmeister, A.R.</author><author>Melton III, L.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Prevalence and clinical spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota</title><secondary-title>Gastroenterol</secondary-title></titles><pages>1448-1456</pages><volume>112</volume><keywords><keyword>reflux</keyword><keyword>epidemiology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1997</year></dates><work-type>Original investigation</work-type><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Locke</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>90</RecNum><record><rec-number>90</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="0">90</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Locke, G.R.</author><author>Talley, N.J.</author><author>Weaver, A.L.</author><author>Zinsmeister, A.R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>A new questionairre for gastroesophageal reflux disease</title><secondary-title>Mayo Clin Proc</secondary-title></titles><pages>539-547</pages><volume>69</volume><keywords><keyword>reflux</keyword><keyword>questionairre</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1994</year></dates><work-type>Original investigation</work-type><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(29, 30) GER symptoms were classified as follows: heartburn or acid regurgitation experienced at least once in the last 12 months was defined as any GER and, if experienced at least once a week was defined as frequent GER. The term GER symptoms refers to symptoms experienced at any time during the day or night, while night-time GER (nGER) symptoms specifically refers to symptoms which woke the patient from sleep. ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Shepherd</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>1135</RecNum><DisplayText>(31)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1135</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="xwzs9patdf5fsseze9pxzvdx5tpspxe5v00f" timestamp="0">1135</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shepherd, K.</author><author>James, A.</author><author>Musk, A.</author><author>Hunter, M.</author><author>Hillman, D.</author><author>Eastwood, P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms are related to the presence and severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea</title><secondary-title>Journal of Sleep Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journal of Sleep Research</full-title></periodical><pages>241-249</pages><volume>20</volume><number>1 pt 2</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>(31)Statistical AnalysisSample size was determined based on past studies comparing those with and without OSA, a difference in ACT of 15% with a standard deviation of 10%. This requires a sample size of 7 per group to obtain significance between groups with an alpha of 0.05 and power of 0.8. Our overall sample size of 33 exceeds this and therefore compensates for any attrition which occurred. ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download