UNIT 1 TEST – ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FUNDAMENTALS
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET
NAME _____________________________ DATE ___________________ PERIOD _____
LETTER EVERYTHING
1. Using a ______ pencil, draw layout lines for your drawing space ____________ and _________ block.
2. Use a 4H pencil to lay out your lettering ___________ lines. How many inches (1/4”-scale) apart are these?
3. Draw four (vertical / horizontal) lines through your title block to separate it into sections.
4. How much larger, generally, are nominal dimensions than actual dimensions? __________
5. Which member is vertical, studs or joists? ______________
6. Darken your border lines with a ______ pencil. Darken the (vertical / horizontal) lines of your title block with a ______ pencil. You’ve now got your drawing __________ and title __________.
7. In this class, all exterior walls are 0’-____” wide and all interior walls are 0’-____” wide.
8. All wall lines are to be darkened with a ____ pencil, because they are _________________ lines.
9. Countertops, sinks, tubs, and furniture are ________________ lines and should be drawn with a _____ pencil.
10. Which triangle allows you to draw the greatest number of angles? ____________ How many? _____
11. Which plywood grade would you use as sheathing to nail onto the exterior of wall studs? ____________________
12. Which plywood grade would you use as an exposed surface for shelving? ____________________
13. What are the two reasons actual dimensions are smaller than nominal dimensions? ___________________________________
14. The first step of the design process is to ______________________________________.
15. The second step of the design process is to ______________________________________.
16. The third step of the design process is to ______________________________________.
17. The fourth step of the design process is to ______________________________________.
18. The three basic fixtures included in most bathrooms are ___________________________________________________.
19. Which scale is used to draw floor plans to a scale of ¼” = 1’-0” (name of the scale)? ______________________________.
20. A thin, flat piece of plastic with architectural symbols cut out of it is called a _________________.
21. Circle the item that is most likely made of hardwood (if neither item is hardwood, don’t circle one):
a. Floor Joist or Dining Room Table
b. Finished Wood Floor or Sub-floor
c. T.V. Stand or Wall Studs
22. What is the square footage of a house 30’ x 60’? _____________________________
23. At $60 per square foot, what is the cost of a house 30’ x 60’? ____________________________
24. Which stud vertically supports the lintel in a wall framing system? _______________
25. Which stud vertically supports a sill in a wall framing system? _______________
26. A home’s overall layout is made up of the following shapes. What is the home’s total square footage, approximately?
I. A rectangle measuring 20’ x 50’
II. A square measuring 20’ on all 4 sides
III. A semi-circle with a radius of 10’
27. The open space in a room between furniture where people can move around is called ___________________.
28. Which type of roof most closely resembles a barn? _______________________.
29. Which style of home is the answer of the above question most likely to be found on? ________________________.
30. Roofs are designed with overhanging ________________.
31. Rough framing of a house is divided into what 3 areas? _______________________________________________
32. What is the technical name for a toilet? _______________________________
33. What is the technical name for a bathroom sink? _______________________________
34. Which force tends to push? ____________________
35. Which force tends to twist? ____________________
36. Which force tends to slide? ____________________
37. Layout lines should always be drawn with a _____ pencil.
38. Border lines should always be darkened with a _____ pencil.
39. Fixture lines should always be darkened with a _____ pencil.
40. Lettering guidelines should always be drawn with a _____ pencil.
41. What led to humans’ settling in fertile areas? _______________________________________________________________
42. Why was the arch developed in the West while eastern architectural still mostly used post-and-lintel construction?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Label the pictures below:
44. What is the difference between Balloon Framing and Platform Framing?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
45. Material strength depends on what 3 characteristics: 1)_______________ 2)_______________ 3) _______________
46. What are the two types of deflection? ________________________ and ________________________
47. Label these two types of cantilever beams:
48. What are the four types of foundation? _____________________________________________________________
49. What is “rebar” and what is it used for? ____________________________________________________________
50. How many inches on the inch ruler make up 16’-0” on the 1/4” scale? __________________________
51. What type of line are the walls on a floor plan? __________________________
52. What type of line are countertops, cabinets, bathtubs, lavatories, and sofas? __________________________
53. What are Newton’s 3 laws of motion? ______________________________________________________________________
54. In which of Newton’s 3 laws are we most interested in this class? Why? ___________________________________________
55. Using the list below, calculate the live load, dead load, and building load:
a. Live Load = _________________________
b. Dead Load = _________________________
c. Building Load = _________________________
i. 20,000 lbs lumber ii. 900 lbs snow and ice
iii. 35,000 lbs brick iv. 300 lbs wind
v. 650 lbs glass vi. 250 lbs nails
vii. 750 lbs people viii. 60 lbs fallen leaves
56. Concrete resists the force of ____________________ well, but not the force of ___________________.
57. Wire mesh is _______________-_______________ mesh used in _________________________ in place of rebar.
58. A __________________________________ is an open frame wall to which a covering is attached.
59. Solid walls that support themselves are called _______________________________________.
TRUE or FALSE: Letter, to the left of the number, “T” for true, “F” for false
60. Each new day of drafting the same floor plan, you must square the bottom edge of your drawing paper to the drawing board.
61. All lines on your architectural drawings should start out as layout lines, drawn with a #2 pencil.
62. Even if layout lines are drawn the proper weight, in the end you must erase them because they will clutter your drawing.
63. 1” on the ¼”-scale is larger than 1” on the 16-scale.
64. When drawing an elevation, projection lines are to be drawn before the elevation’s horizontal lines.
65. When drawing, always push your pencil, do not pull it.
66. The drawing below is an example of a floor plan.
67. Floor plans are usually drawn at a scale of 1/8”=1’-0”.
68. Distances are usually stated in feet and inches on an architectural drawing.
69. The distance between guidelines in a title block is 3/8”.
70. The basic unit of one foot is divided in 16 subdivisions on the architect’s scale.
71. The dining room should be adjacent to the kitchen.
72. Elevation drawings show a vanishing point based on perspective (realistic 3-dimensional viewing).
73. The Den is considered part of the living area.
74. Elevation drawings more closely resemble the way a building looks in reality than perspective drawings.
75. Constructing a model of a floor plan requires use of the floor plan.
76. When drawing, always push your pencil, do not pull it.
77. The Situation Statement is usually in the form of a chart.
78. The Needs/Wants list typically follows the Situation Statement in the design process.
79. The kitchen sink should be under a window.
80. Bedrooms should be in the noisiest part of the house.
81. A floor plan can be designed before consideration of the site.
82. On the exterior elevation drawing the floor line is expressed with an object line.
83. A residential design should start with the design of the elevation.
84. Room size is irrelevant when designing a floor plan.
85. A water heater provides heat through the ventilation system in the winter.
86. In an elevation drawing, the two dashed lines identifying a hinge on a door intersect on the same side of the door as the knob.
87. Designing and creating an architectural project utilizes the engineering design process.
88. The bottom line of an elevation drawing is the floor line.
89. On floor plans, arched doorways are represented with object lines.
MATCHING: Match the line type to its name (draw lines connecting the two).
90. Dimension Line
91. Hidden Line
92. Short Break Line
93. Section Line
94. Phantom Line
95. Long Break Line
96. Border Line
97. Object Line
98. Centerline
MATCHING: Match the vocabulary word to its description.
99. _____ Pediment a. a swinging style, hinges on sides
100. _____ Half-timbering b. a porch behind a house
101. _____ Clapboard c. a double-pitched roof
102. _____ Gable d. a triangular wall section formed by a roof
103. _____ Eave e. an ornamental (usually triangular) crown of a doorway or portico
104. _____ Gambrel f. a porch whose roof is supported by columns
105. _____ Turret g. also known as weatherboard or siding
106. _____ Portico h. a structure that sticks out from a pitched roof
107. _____ Patio i. a portion of the wood frame is exposed
108. _____ Casement Window j. a corner tower associated with the Queen Anne style
109. _____ Bay Window k. portion of the roof that projects beyond the wall
110. _____ Dormer l. a combination of two or more windows that protrudes from a wall
111. Letter the components’ corresponding letters (listed to the right) in the correct identifying boxes:
a. Joist
b. Stud
c. Header
d. T-Foundation
e. Plate
f. Subfloor
g. Sill
h. Finished Floor
112. Draw the major traffic patterns through Figures 1 and 2 above, starting at the exterior doors.
113. In the space below, compare the two traffic patterns you drew above (LETTER). Which is efficient? Which is inefficient? Why?
-----------------------
DEN
Figure 2
DINING
BEDROOM
LIVING
BEDROOM
Figure 1
MASTER BEDROOM
DINING
LIVING
DEN
MASTER BEDROOM
4H
BORDERS
TITLE
GUIDE
½”
STUDS
HB / #2
4H
BLOCK
SPACE
6
5
HB
OBJECT
FIXTURE
30-60-90
3
CONSTRUCTION
VENEER
DRIES AND IS FINISHED
DEFINE THE PROJECT
ANALYZE THE PROJECT
DEVELOP CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS
CREATE DRAWINGS
TUB, TOILET, SINK
ARCHITECT’S SCALE
TEMPLATE
1,800 SQ. FT.
$108,000
LINTEL
CRIPPLE
1557
WALK WAY
GAMBREL
DUTCH COLONIAL
EAVES
FLOOR, WALLS, ROOF
WATER CLOSET
LAVATORY
COMPRESSION
TORSION
SHEAR
4H
HB
4H
4H
AGRICULTURE AND YEAR-ROUND FOOD SUPPLY
WEST USED STONE, WHICH WAS HEAVY. EAST USED LIGHTER MATERIALS - WOOD
DOME
CROSS VAULT
BARREL VAULT
POST AND BEAM
SKELETON FRAME
BEARING WALL
BALLOON FRAMING – STUDS GO FROM GROUND TO ROOF.
SHAPE
SIZE
TYPE
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
CENTERED
ECCENTRIC – OFF-CENTERED
SLAB, T-FOUNDATION, PIER AND COLUMN, PERM. WOOD
STEEL BAR USED TO REINFORCE CONCRETE (FOR TENSION)
4”
OBJECT
FIXTURE
INERTIA, F=MA, ACTION/REACTION
ACTION/REACTION
2,010 LBS
55, 900 LBS.
57, 910 LBS.
COMPRESSION
TENSION
STEEL
WELDED
SLABS
SKELETON FRAME
BEARING WALLS
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
T
F
F
T
F
T
F
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
F
F
F
T
F
F
F
F
F
G
C
A
B
D
5
E
H
L
A
H
B
F
J
C
K
F
D
G
I
E
FIGURE 1 IS EFFICIENT: SHORTER HALLWAY, DO NOT HAVE TO TRAVEL THROUGH ONE ROOM TO GET TO ANOTHER, MINIMIZED TRAFFIC AREA.
4H
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