Lafeber Company



Quality Anesthesia in Exotic Small MammalsJody Nugent-Deal, RVT, VTS (Anesthesia) and (CP-Exotics)LafeberVet Provider #776-16726Exotic small mammals, formally known as “pocket pets”, can be challenging to safely induce, maintain and recover from general anesthesia. When working with dogs and cats, it is generally easy to intubate, place an intravenous catheter, provide fluid therapy, hook up an ECG, place a blood pressure cuff, and keep track of the core body temperature. This can be much more difficult in many exotic small mammals. How do we compensate for the potential lack of monitoring? In some cases, we may not be able to, but as anesthetists we can do our best to monitor the patient under anesthesia by looking at trends, using visual assessments and be able to anticipate the needs of the patient.Preparing for general anesthesiaPerform thorough physical examination:Have supplies out within arms reach before startingExotic compatible supplies:Pediatric or infant sized stethoscopeOral speculum with light source Gram scalePerform necessary diagnostics prior to anesthesiaVenipunctureWhat blood tests are needed?Microtainer tubes1 to 3 cc syringe with 27 to 22 gauge needlesImportant to be familiar with species you are working with and common venipuncture sites Most exotic small mammals are small therefore you must think about blood volume when taking a sample.2.Urinalysis3.Radiographs4.mon supplies needed for general anesthesia1. Catheter suppliesa. 26 to 20 gauge IV cathetersb. 25 to 20 gauge spinal needles for IO catheter placementc. Pre-cut small roll gauze and elastic wrapd. Pediatric T-port2.Masksa. Variety of traditional dog/cat masksb. Specialty masks made from syringe cases3.Endotracheal tubesa. Cuffed and non-cuffed ETT 2.0mm to 5.0mmb. Large bore IV catheters adapted for ETTc. V-gel supraglottic airway device4.Maintenance fluidsa. Anesthetic rate IV/IO is 5 to 10 ml/kg/hr for crystalloidsb. Colloids – rate varies by typec. If no catheter present fluids given SC i. 50 to 60 ml/kg/dayii. Butterfly catheter attached to syringe5.Monitoring equipmenta. Stethoscope – infant or pediatricb. Thermometerc. Doppler and sphygmomanometer vs. Oscillometricd. Pulse oximetere. Capnographf. ECGg. Multiparameter monitorh. Arterial catheterizationi. ABG collection and direct BP6.Anesthetic Drugsa. Common pre-medicationsi. Anticholinergics ii. Opioids iii. Benzodiazepines iv. Alpha2-agonists b. Common induction agentsi. Inhalantsa.Isofluraneb.Sevoflurane ii. Injectable anestheticsPropofolKetamineEtomidateBenzodiazepinesMaintenance IsofluraneSevofluranePost-operative AnalgesiaOpioidsNSAIDS7.Multimodal Anesthetic Techniquesa. Epidural anesthesia/analgesiai. Opioids ii. Local anestheticsb. Constant rate infusionsi. Opioids ii. Ketamine8.Local Blocksa.Line blockb.Testicular blockc. Ring blockd.Splash block ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download