Kaitlyn Coon



Source Review PaperKaitlyn R. CoonFerris State UniversityAbstractNursing research is an important component to the success of nursing practice. Not only does it provide information to the practice, which improves patient quality and safety, but it also ensures credibility of the nursing profession by displaying a unique body of knowledge that nurses are held accountable for. When nursing research is conducted, the information obtained must be reliable. This credibility can be assured through validation of sources and researchers. This paper will critique two articles effectiveness as references in nursing research, and discuss the significance this has to nursing.Source Review PaperNursing professionals use nursing research to guide their clinical decision-making. The developed research should therefore be proven to be best practice. “The purpose of this assignment is to re-evaluate references used to guide practice decisions” (Singleterry, 2014). When a source is reviewed, and proven to be credible nursing research, the content of the research can be used, with confidence, as best practice.CredibilityNursing research provides evidence used to support nursing practices. According to Nieswiadomy (2012), nursing research is defined as “the systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing” (p. 3). Taylor, Lillis, LeMone, & Lynn (2011), include those important phenomena in their definition as “care of people in the clinical setting and also…studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history” (p. 73). This evidence, however, must be credible in order to have meaning in the nursing profession. The use of scholarly sources is one way to ensure the research is credible. Works labeled peer reviewed or referred ensure that they are in fact scholarly. According to Nieswiadomy (2012), peer reviewed can be defined as, “The review of a research manuscript by professional colleagues who have content or methodological expertise concerning the material presented in the manuscript” (p. 322). This definition shows why authors or reviewers of nursing research should be in the discipline of nursing themselves; they are considered professionals with expertise in the related material. The American Nurses Association (ANA) (2010) includes in their definition that peer review is “a collegial, systematic, and periodic process” (p. 146). This component makes clear the consistence of peer review, furthering its purpose of ensuring credibility.How the study is set up and performed also gives credibility to the source. This idea has been given a formal grading system called levels of evidence. There are numerous hierarchies available to rank research, as all research is not the same, and therefore cannot be expected to perform the same kind of study (Burns, Rohrich, & Chung, 2011). Armola et al. (2009), discusses the American Association of Critical Care Nurses’ (AACN) newest ranking system used in evidence-based practice, which is an A through E, plus M, scale with A being the most reliable evidence and the additional M rating being the least reliable. Deciding the strength of the results measured in a clinical trial or research study is important for nurses to incorporate in their evidence search because this will determine if the evidence can be used in practice reliably, or if more research is needed. First SourceThe following section is a review of The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial: Implications for Nursing Practice by Kellen et al. (1996). Eight of the nine authors of this article have an RN license, and four of those have an additional higher-level specialty title. These authors published the article in The American Journal of Critical Care (AJCN), an accredited nursing journal peer-reviewed by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN, 2014). There was no impact factor given on the journal’s webpage, however, according to Research Gate (2014), a site used for researchers to share their publications, AJCN has an impact factor of 1.41. The article was a multicenter, randomized placebo controlled trial (Kellen et al., 1996). With this, there were two trials performed, as the first had to be modified for safety purposes. The two trials yielded different results. Therefore, according to the AACN’s levels of evidence, this article is a level C (Armola et al., 2009). As evidenced by the criteria above, the article by Kellen et al. (1996) is considered to be nursing research. The information presented contributes to the nursing profession, and it is written, reviewed and published by reputable nursing professionals. Although the article’s trial needed to be revised, it did use the random control trial, which can be considered the gold standard of research. Second SourceThe following section is a review of an article published by Knight et al. (2005) concerning the role of permanent pacing to prevent atrial fibrillation. Opposite of the first source, this article cannot be considered nursing research. Although this article’s journal has a higher impact factor than the journal that Kellen et al.’s (1996) article was published in, the journal itself is not a nursing journal (American Heart Association, Inc., 2014). Rather, it is a journal of the American Heart Association with editor in chief Joseph Loscalzo’s credentials MD & PhD, not RN. Furthermore, the article itself is also written entirely by medical doctors (Knight et al., 2005). This makes the article information in no way specialized to nursing as a profession. According to the AACN’s levels of evidence, this article can be argued to be the lowest level of evidence, level M, manufacturers’ recommendation only (Armola et al., 2009). The article states “ no consistent data from large randomized trials support…” the data, however it also states “permanent pacing…is not indicated” (Knight et al., 2005, p. 242).Significance to NursingUsing sources distinct to nursing defines nursing as a profession by implementing ANA’s (2010) nursing standards into practice. Standard 9, 11, and 13 are three standards of professional practice that are applied with the use of nursing research. Standard 9 straightforwardly states, “the registered nurse integrates evidence and research findings into practice” (p. 51). Standard 13 is collaboration. This standard holds nurses accountable for partnering “with others to effect change and produce positive outcomes through the sharing of knowledge of the healthcare consumer and/or situation” (p. 57). Nurses conducting, writing, and reviewing research collaborate together in the research process. Standard 13, communication, is then implemented as nurses share research knowledge throughout the field in order to put findings into clinical practice. When sources distinct to nursing are used, the research is also guaranteed to be relevant to nursing practices and current issues in the field. This is true because nursing professionals themselves are conducting the research. Therefore, they are aware of current issues that need to be investigated or clarified. Once sources are found to be distinct to nursing, it is important to ensure that they are quality sources as well. The use of quality sources gives valid contributions to nursing research, providing evidence-based practice (EBP) to implement in the clinical setting (Taylor et al., 2011). According to Nieswiadomy (2012), “Research has been determined to be the most reliable means of obtaining knowledge” (p. 5). Nurses must be a reliable source to their patients by having the most current, reliable, and therefore, high quality information. Quality and safety would not be possible without the implementation of nursing research. Safety, according to Cronenwett et al. (2007), “minimizes risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance” (p. 128). Nursing research improves safety because both the nursing profession as a whole and the nurse themselves are informed with the necessary steps to ensuring safety. Practices are then formed to these safety guidelines. The degree to which health services can increase the likelihood of desired outcomes consistent with current professional knowledge displays quality in nursing (ANA, 2010, p.67). Patient outcomes are improved when nurses can use the knowledge that research provides in their practice. ConclusionThe use of nursing research is a staple to the nursing profession. It not only guides practice in the clinical setting, but also defines nursing as a profession that is reliable. It is the job of all nursing professionals that the information they are practicing from is researched best practice. Completing source reviews is one effective way to ensure this. ReferencesAmerican Association of Critical-Care Nurses. (2014). About the American journal of critical care. Retrieved from Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring MD: American Nurses Association. American Heart Association, Inc. (2014). Circulation. Retrieved from .org/site/misc/stats.xhtml.Armola, R. R., Bourgault, A. M., Halm, M. A., Board, R. M., Bucher, L., … Medina, J. (2009). AACN levels of evidence: What’s new?. Critical Care Nurse, 29(4), 70-73. Burns, P. B., Rohrich, R. J., & Chung, K. C. (2011). The levels of evidence and their role in evidence based medicine. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 128(1), 305-310. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171.Cronenwett, L., Sherwood, G., Barnsteiner, J., Disch, J., Johnson, J., Mitchell, P., ... Warren, J. (2007). Quality and safety education for nurses. Nursing Outlook, 55(3), 122–131. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2007.02.006.Kellen, J. C., Ettinger, A., Todd, L., Brezsnyak, M. L., Campion, J., McBride, R., … Schron, E. (1996). The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial: Implications for nursing practice.?American Journal of Critical Care: An Official Publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses,?5(1), 19–25. Retrieved from PubMed database.Knight, B. P., Gersh, B. J., Carlson, M. D., Friedman, P. A., McNamara, R. L., Strickberger, S. A., … AHA Writing Group. (2005). Role of permanent pacing to prevent atrial fibrillation: science advisory from the American Heart Association council on clinical cardiology (Subcommittee on electrocardiography and arrhythmias) and the quality of care and outcomes research interdisciplinary working group, in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society.?Circulation,?111(2), 240–243. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000151800. 84945.47.Nieswiadomy, R. M. (2012). Foundations of Nursing Research (6th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Research Gate (2014). Publications: American Journal of Critical Care (AM J CRIT CARE). Retrieved from , L. (2014). NURS 350 Research in Nursing [syllabus]. Unpublished manuscript, College Health Professions School of Nursing, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI.Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P. (2011). Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott William & Wilkins. ................
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