Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level - Mrs. Phillips's English ...

Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level

(Generally, prefixes and suffixes change the meanings of roots, but it is usually the suffix that denotes the part of speech.)

1st Grade

Prefix

nd

2 Grade

Prefix

Suffix

Definition

Examples

-s,-es

plural, more than one

-ing

action/ process

-ed

past tense

hats, pigs, boxes,

wishes

helping, skipping,

running, seeing,

thinking

jumped, helped

Suffix

dis-er

-est

disin-

Additional

Information

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Present participle of

verb

Anglo-Saxon

Past tense verb

(Please review affixes from prior grade.)

unre-

3rd Grade

Prefix

Origin

Definition

Examples

not/ opposite

again/ back

unlock, unsafe

reread, rewrite,

return

dislike, distrust

teacher, writer,

baker, bigger,

colder, taller

biggest, coldest,

tallest

not/ opposite of

person connected

with/ comparative

degree

superlative degree

Origin

Additional

Information

Anglo-Saxon

Latin

Latin

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Usually an adjective

(Please review affixes from prior grades.)

Suffix

Definition

Examples

not/ opposite of

not

dislike, distrust

inactive, insane,

1

Origin

Latin

Latin

Additional

Information

-ful

-less

-y

-ly

4th Grade

Prefix

inexpensive

beautiful, painful

careless, helpless

cloudy, fishy

badly, friendly,

quickly

full of

without

characterized by/ like

characteristic of

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

Usually an adjective

Usually an adverb

(Please review affixes from prior grades.)

Suffix

Definition

Examples

under-

too little/ below

Anglo-Saxon

overnonprebitriquad-

too much/ above

not

before

two

three

four

oct-ion, ¨Cation

¨Csion, -tion

eight

act of/ state of/

result of

underfed,

underground

overdone, overhead

nonfat, nonsense

preplan, pretest

bicycle, binocular

tricycle, triangle

quadrilateral,

quadrant

octagon, octopus

attention, vision,

invitation

-ness

-ly

condition/ state of

characteristic of

darkness, fairness

badly, friendly,

quickly

act/ process

Anglo-Saxon

Anglo-Saxon

-ment

-er, -or

one who/ that which

baker, boxer,

conductor, survivor

2

Origin

Additional

Information

Anglo-Saxon

Latin

Latin

Latin

Latin/ Greek

Latin

Latin/ Greek

Anglo-Saxon

enjoyment,

replacement

Latin

Noun

(See 6th grade for

explanation)

Usually a noun

Usually an adverb

Latin

Usually a noun

Use ¨Cor with Latin

roots for nouns

(inventor, elevator)

Use ¨Cer with

Anglo-Saxon roots

(heater, swimmer)

5th Grade

Prefix

(Please review affixes from prior grades.)

Suffix

Definition

Examples

semi-

half

Latin

super-

above/ on top

of/ beyond

multi-

many/ much

poly-

many/ much

tele-

distant/far

semicircle,

semicolon

superfine,

superhuman,

supersonic

multicolor,

multifamily

polygon,

polysyllable

Television,

telephone

mis-

mid-

middle

sub-

deca- deci-

under, beneath,

below/

secondary

ten

misbehave,

misread,

misspell

intercept,

interview,

interstate

midnight,

midweek

subway, subsoil,

substitute

Latin

inter-

bad or badly/

wrong or

wrongly

between

Latin/ Greek

kilo-

1,000

milli- mille-

1,000

decathlon,

decade,

decimal,

decimeter

kilogram,

kilowatt

millennium,

millimeter

Root

3

Origin

Latin

Latin

Greek

Greek

Latin

Anglo-Saxon

Latin

Greek

Latin

Additional

Information

centi-

100

-able, -ible

can be done

-ian, -an

one having a

certain skill/

relating to/

belonging to

condition of/

skill

-ship

-ist

-logy, -ology

-ism

one who does a

specific action

science of/

study of

act/ belief/

practice of

centimeter,

centipede

enjoyable,

sensible, likable

Latin

electrician,

magician,

American,

suburban

championship,

friendship,

hardship,

leadership

artist, tourist

Latin

-able ending words

have roots that can

stand alone.

enjoyable

-ible ending words

have roots that can

not stand alone.

sensible

Usually a noun

Anglo-Saxon

Usually a noun

Latin/ Greek

Usually a noun

biology,

chronology

patriotism,

idealism,

absenteeism,

Greek

Latin/ Greek

Usually a noun

Usually a noun

-ence and ¨Cance

sound alike because

of the schwa. ¨Cence

is used somewhat

more often than ¨C

ance.

Usually a noun

Latin

-ence, -ance

act/ condition

of

persistence,

excellence,

assistance,

importance

Latin

-ess

feminine

actress, lioness

Latin/ Greek

4

max(i)

great

maximum,

maximize

diameter,

odometer,

metric,

perimeter

photograph,

telephoto,

photocopy

portable,

transport

aquaphobia,

claustrophobic

technophobe

Latin

meter, metr

measure

photo

light

port

to carry

phobia,

phobic,

phobe

irrational fear

or hatred/ one

who fears/

hates

rupt

break/ burst

bankrupt,

rupture,

disruptive

Latin

scrib, script

to write

describe,

manuscript

Latin

gram, graph

written/ drawn

Greek

dict

ject

to say/ tell

to throw

autograph,

paragraph,

telegram

diction, dictator

inject, objection

5

Greek

Greek

Latin

Greek

Latin

Latin

There are names for

more than 500

phobias, most of

which come from the

field of medicine.

FYI: Erupt means to

explode. (The

volcano erupted.)

Irrupt means to rush

or burst in. (The

police irrupted into

the hideout.)

Verbs usually use

scribe, as in

prescribe; nouns

usually use script, as

in prescription.

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