Lesson 1 | Climates of Earth
Name Date Class
LESSON 1
Climates of Earth
Directions: Use the clues and the terms listed below to complete the puzzle. NOTE: There is no empty square in
the puzzle between the words of two-word terms.
|climate |microclimate |precipitation |rain shadow |specific heat |
Clues
Across
4. a localized climate that is different
from the climate of the larger
surrounding area
5. water that falls from the atmosphere
Down
1. the amount of thermal energy needed
to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a
material by 1°C
2. an area of low rainfall on the
downwind slope of a mountain
3. long-term average weather conditions
in a particular region
Climate 9
Name Date Class
LESSON 1
Climates of Earth
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
might be used more than once or not at all.
|altitude |climate |latitude |localized |ocean current |
|precipitation |rain shadow |solar energy |specific heat |weather |
1. Climate is the long-term average conditions that occur in
a particular region.
2. The amount of per unit of Earth’s surface is related to
latitude.
3. A tall mountain has a cold, snowy climate because of its .
4. An area of low rainfall on the downward slope of a mountain is called
a(n) .
5. The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material
by 1°C is the material’s .
6. The climates along coastlines differ from those in the middle of a continent because
water has a high .
7. The Gulf Stream is a warm that modifies climate.
8. A microclimate is a(n) climate that is different from the
climate of the larger area surrounding it.
9. Climate is classified based on , temperature, and native
vegetation.
14 Climate
Name Date Class
LESSON 1
Climates of Earth
Key Concept Why is one climate different from another?
Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. What do the numbers in the diagram represent?
2. What is the latitude of the equator?
3. Summarize what this diagram shows about the effect of latitude on the amount of
solar energy per unit of Earth’s surface area.
4. How does latitude affect climate?
5. What other areas have a climate similar to the climate near the poles?
Climate 17
Name Date Class
LESSON 1
Animal Adaptations for Extreme Climates
An adaptation is a characteristic that
makes it possible for an animal species to
survive and reproduce in a particular place
and in a particular climate. If individual
animals die without reproducing, then the
species will not survive. Some individuals
might not have a particular survival
characteristic. But if the species has it, then
the species will survive.
Extreme Climates
The two most extreme climates on
Earth are extremely cold (polar climates) or
extremely hot (desert climates). Humans
are not adapted to either of these climates.
That is, we cannot live there without some
external facility to protect us from the cold
or heat. Other animals make their homes
in these climates.
Most animals are able to survive only
within a specific range of temperatures called
their range of tolerance. Polar bears are
tolerant of much lower average temperatures
than koala bears are. The temperature inside
the bodies of most organisms depends on
the temperature of the environment. The
temperature inside the bodies of mammals
and birds stays warm regardless of the
temperature of the environment. Special
adaptations and ranges of tolerance are
required by both types of organisms.
Adaptations to a Desert Climate
Lack of water and extreme heat create
survival challenges for animals that live in the
desert. Desert species have developed physical
and behavioral characteristics that help
them survive and thrive in a desert climate.
Most animals try to avoid the extreme
daytime heat by being active only at night.
They sleep during the day in a shady place
or in a burrow that they seal shut. Desert
foxes, skunks, snakes, and most rodents
avoid extreme heat in this manner. Some
animals, such as jackrabbits, have long legs
and ears that dissipate heat from their
bodies. Owls and nighthawks pant with
their beaks open to dissipate heat. The
desert ground squirrel goes into a state of
estivation—a type of summer hibernation—
in a burrow to sleep through the hottest
part of the summer.
Acquiring water or conserving body
moisture is another profound challenge to
desert survival. The adaptations for
accomplishing this are as varied as the
animals. The desert toad remains dormant
deep in the ground until the spring rains
fill the short-lived desert ponds. Then it
digs out, breeds, lays eggs, and soaks up
moisture before the ponds evaporate. Many
desert creatures get their water from desert
plants, such as cacti.
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
Directions: Respond to each statement.
1. Compare physical adaptations to climate with behavioral adaptations to climate.
2. Assess how humans might become adapted to living without clothing or manufactured
housing in the natural world. Identify a climate in which humans could survive without
the amenities of modern human society. Explain how they could survive.
20 Climate
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Content Vocabulary
Content Practice B
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Enrichment
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