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1.3 - How do cells work together in the human body?BIG IDEA: Cells work together in the body to perform a variety of tasks essential for life.Cells are SPECIALIZED to perform specific functions. For example:Key Terms:Cell specialization: the fact that different types of cells have different structures and abilities that enable them to perform their functions efficientlyCell differentiation: the series of events through which stem cells develop into specialized cellsWhat is a STEM CELL?A stem cell is an UNSPECIALIZED cellHas the potential to become SPECIALIZED (e.g. muscle, heart, skin)As it matures, the cell changes to suit its specific functionsHUGE area of current research → scientists are trying to figure this outPotential for treating diseases if scientists can trigger them to develop into cells that can repair damaged tissuesWhat’s the difference between DIFFERENTIATION and SPECIALIZATION?What type of cell do you see in each image? -190499171450ABCDEWhy are cells specialized?Cells, like the tools we use, are specialized to complete the tasks they perform.Cells are built in a specific way so that they are ABLE to perform these tasks.Specialized CellsHow STRUCTURE influences FUNCTIONMuscle CellsLong and thin structure → allows cells to change size drastically when they contractSome branch to increase muscle strengthLots of mitochondria → muscles need energy to change shape!Nerve Cells (neurons)Long, thread like branches → cells can receive and transmit signals from other cells throughout the bodyRed Blood CellsDoughnut-like shape with a dip in the middle → large surface area to carry oxygenBone CellsFramework of hard material → minerals to provide strength and support, hold cells togetherSkin cellsThin, flat, layered cells form a gap-free barrier to keep out potential invaders and keep in moistureCells working together → TISSUESCells = basic unit of lifeSpecialized cells work together to perform a specific function → cells working together are called a tissue4 basic tissue types:Muscle (e.g. arm, stomach, heart)Epithelial (e.g. skin, small intestine)Connective (e.g. bone, blood, tendons)Nervous (e.g. nerves to muscles, nerves to eyeballs, brain)Tissues working together → ORGANSCells and tissues can only do so much on their ownOrgan → made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific task Contains at least 2 different types of tissuesExample: HEART → muscle, connective tissue, nervous tissue, epithelial tissueOrgans working together → SYSTEMSOrgan system → a group of organs that interact with each other to perform a common task ................
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