Macromolecule Comparison Chart - Ms. Doran's Biology Class



Macromolecule Comparison Chart Organic molecules are based on CARBON.

|Macromolecules, |Elements |Subunits |Polymers |Functions: |Examples: |To identify, look for: |

|Biomolecules, |*From the Periodic Table |Monomers, | |Why are they important? |Where can we find them? | |

|Organic Compunds |of Elements |Building Blocks | | | | |

|Carbohydrates |C,H,O |monosaccharides (simple sugars, |polysaccharides |*Short-term energy storage |*Starch |Made of C,H, and O; –OH's|

| |Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |-ose) [pic] |Examples: |*Quick-release energy |*Glycogen (liver) |on all carbons except one|

| |1:2:1 ratio | |Glycogen, starch, cellulose |*structure |*Sugars – glucose, fructose, | |

| |Ex: | | | |sucrose | |

| |C6H12O6 | | | |*Celluose – plant cell walls | |

| |Glucose (simple sugar) | | | | | |

|Lipids: Fats |C,H, very little O |Fatty Acids, Glycerol [pic] |Triglyceride |*Insulation: store body |Fats |Made of C,H, and O; lots |

| |Carbon, hydrogen, very | |[pic] |heat |Oils |of C-H bonds; may have |

| |little oxygen | | |*Protection: cell membranes|Waxes |some C=C bonds |

| | | | |*Long-term energy storage |Steroids |(unsaturated); steroids |

| | | | |*not soluble in water |Cholesterol |have 4 rings |

| | | | |*waterproof coverings (ex | | |

| | | | |cuticle of leaf | | |

|Nucleic Acids |C,H,O,N,P |Nucleotides |Nucleic acid |*Store and transmit genetic|DNA |Contain N in rings, |

|Found in the cell nucleus |Carbon, Hydrogen |made of: |[pic] |information |Deoxyribonucleicacid |nucleotides made of |

| |Oxygen, Nitrogen |1) Nitrogen base | |*Capture/transfer chemical |Sugar: deoxyribose |sugar, phosphate and |

| |Phosphorus |2) Sugar compound | |energy |RNA |nitrogenous base |

| | |3) Phosphate group | | |Ribonucleicacid | |

| | |[pic] | | |Sugar: ribose | |

|Proteins |C,H,N,O, P,S |Amino Acids |Poly Peptide |*Change the rate of |*Enzymes |Contain N, have N-C-C |

| |Carbon, hydrogen, |*Joined by peptide bonds to form a|[pic] |chemical reactions |End in “ase” |backbone |

| |nitrogen, oxygen, |polypeptide chain (protein) | |(enzymes) |* Hemoglobin | |

| |phosphorus, sulfur |* made of amino group, carboxyl | |*regulate cell processes | | |

| | |group or variable, “R” group | |*Give bodies structure | | |

| | |[pic] | |*Transport materials into | | |

| | | | |and out of the cell | | |

| | | | |Ex: oxygen (hemoglobin) | | |

| | | | |*help fight disease | | |

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