FOUR STROKE FOUR CYLINDER PETROL ENGINETEST RIG WITH ...
FOUR STROKE FOUR CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE TEST RIG WITH ELECTRICAL DYNAMOMETEROBJECTIVE:To conduct a performance test on four stroke four-cylinder petrol engine, to find out the efficiency of the engine and to draw heat balance sheet.INSTRUMENTATION:1. Digital RPM Indicator to measure the speed of the engine.2. Digital temperature indicator to measure various temperatures.3. Differential manometer to measure quantity of air sucked into cylinder.4. Burette with manifold to measure the rate of fuel consumed during test. 5. Digital voltmeter and amps meter ENGINE SPECIFICATION:Engine : HYUNDAI epsilon MPFI VersionMax. Torque : 89 Nm@3000 rpmMax. Power : 63BHP @ 5500rpmFuel : PetrolNo of cylinders : FourBore : 66 mmStroke length : 77 mmStarting : Self startWorking stroke : Four strokeCooling : Water cooledIgnition : Spark ignitionCapacity : 1086 ccBattery : 12V, 45AAlternator : 12V, 45AELECTRICAL GENERATOR SPECIFICATION:Make:kirloskarType:1 ph., AC 50 HzSpeed:1500 rpmMounting:foot mountedPower:7.5kvaPower Factor : 1OBSERVATIONS:Indicated power : IPBrake power : BPSpecific fuel consumption : SfcActual volume : Va Indicated thermal efficiency : ηithBrake thermal efficiency : ηbthSwept volume : VsMechanical efficiency : ηmechVolumetric efficiency : ηvGRAPHS TO BE DRAWN: 1. ηbth V/S BP 2. Sfc V/S BP 3. ηv V/S BP DESCRIPTION:The HYUNDAI epsilon MPFI Version engine is a four stroke four cylinder, water-cooled, spark ignition type petrol engine. Its output shaft is coupled to a loading system which is in this case is a electrical brake dynamometer.FUEL MEASUREMENT: The fuel is supplied to the engine from the main fuel tank through a graduated measuring fuel gauge (Burette) with 2-way cock. To measure the fuel consumption of the engine, fill the burette by opening the cock. By starting a stop clock, measure the time taken to consume X cc of fuel by the engine.AIR INTAKE MEASUREMENT: The suction side of the engine is connected to an Air tank. The atmospheric air is drawn into the engine cylinder through the air tank. The manometer is provided to measure the pressure drop across an orifice provided in the intake pipe of the Air tank. This pressure drop is used to calculate the volume of air drawn into the cylinder. (Orifice diameter is 25 mm.)LUBRICATION:The engine is lubricated by mechanical lubrication. Lubricating oil recommended – SAE- Multi grade.TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT:A digital temperature indicator with selector switch is provided on the panel to read the temperature in degree centigrade, directly sensed by respective thermocouples located at different places on the test rig.THERMOCOUPLE DETAILST1 = INLET WATER TEMPERATURE OF ENGINE JACKET.T2= OUTLET WATER TEMPERATURE OF ENGINE JACKET.T3 = OUTLET WATER TEMPERATURE FROM CALORI METER.T4 = EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE FROM THE ENGINE.T5 = EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE FROM CALORI METER.SPEED MEASUREMENT:A digital speed indicator is provided on the panel which will indicate theSpeed of the engine in terms of rpm with the help of a flux cut type sensor Provided near the coupling.LOADING SYSTEM: The engine Test Rig is directly coupled to an AC Generator 1Phase, 7.5 kW, 50Hz. which in turn is loading by resistance load bank The load can be varied in steps of ?, ?, ?, and full load by operating the rotary switches provided in the Load bank panel. Between voltage each phase & Neutral BP = VI cos ? Wherev = Voltage I = Current ? = Power factor = 1 WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT:One Rota meter is provided to measure the quantity of water flow,For the engine head it is measured in cc/sec and Rota meter is provided for Water flowing of Calorimeter.It has an acrylic body and it has measured inTerms of cc/sec. PROCEDURE:1. Connect the water source to the inlet of the engine jacket& calorimeter through a Rota meter at desired rate.2. Connect the instrumentation power input plug to a 230v, 50 Hz AC single phase AC supply. Now all the digital meters namely, RPM indicator, temperature indicator display the respective readings.3. Fill up the clean petrol to the fuel tank mounted behind the panel.4. Check the lubricating oil level in the oil sump with the dipstick provided.5. Before starting the engine please connect the battery at correct position. Then start the engine with the help of key. 6. Allow the engine to stabilize rated speed ie, 1500RPM.7. Now load the engine by operating the rotary switches on the resistance load bank, in steps of ?,1/2,3/4 & full load.8. Note down all the required parameters mentioned below.a. Speed of the engine from digital RPM indicator b. Volt meter reading.c. Ammeter reading.d. Temp. @ Different point. By using temp. Indicator e. Fuel rate from barrette. f. Air rate indicating from manometer.PERFORMANCE TEST:1. BRAKE POWER BP = VI cos ? /1000 kW Where, v = Voltage I = Current ? = Power factor =1.0 2. MASS OF FUEL CONSUMED. M f c= X x 0.72 x 3600 .Kg/ hr 1000 x t Where, X = burette reading in cc 0.72 = density of petrol in gram / cc t = time taken in seconds. 3. SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION. Sfc = mfc………..kg/kW hr BP4. ACTUAL VOLUME OF AIR SUCKED IN TO THE CYLINDER. Va = Cd X A √ 2GH X 3600.m3/hr Where = h X ρw ………meter of water. 1000 ρa A = area of orifice = π d2/4 h = manometer reading in mm ρw = density of water =1000 kg/m3 ρa = density of air =1.193 kg/ m3 Cd = co-efficient of discharge = 0.62 5. SWEPT VOLUME Vs = ( πd2 X L X N X 60) x4 4 2 Where, d = dia of bore = 66 mm L = length of stroke = 77 mm N = Speed of the engine in RPM. 6. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY ηv = VA X 100 ……….% VS 7. BRAKE THERMAL OR OVER ALL EFFICIENCY ηbth = BP X 3600 X 100 ……….% mfc X cv where , cv = calorific value of petrol = 42500 kJ / kg.BP = Brake Power in kW8. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY: ηmech =BP x 100 …………% IP Where, BP = Brake Power in kW IP = Indicated power in kWTABULAR COLUMN:Sl.noNRpmh1h2Fuel const secT1T2T3T4T5Rtengine Rt calVOLTAGE &CURRENT:Sl NoLoadVoltageCurrentPERFORMANCE:Sl noBPMfcSfcηbth ηv ηmechMORSE TEST:Morse test is conducted to find out IP of the engine. It can be conducted by following procedure.1. Run the engine at1500 RPM & max. Load. Morse test can be conducted by disconnecting the power of the individual cylinder one by one with the use of toggle switches provided on the panel.2. Cut off one cylinder, then the engine speed will drop, then note down the speed and the load. 3. Repeat the above procedure by cutting off cylinders 2, 3 & 4. (At a time only one cylinder should be cut off.)4. Calculate the BP with 4 cylinders which is max.kg at 1500RPM. Calculate BP when one cylinder cut off by maintaining the constant speed. The difference will give IP of one cylinder ie, cut off cylinder.Similarly, calculate the IP of the remaining three cylinders. Then the total IP of the engine can be calculated by adding the IP of the individual cylinders.5. To find out FP of the engine, deduct total BP from total IP.Morse test tabular columnRunning cylinderCut-off cylinderRpmLoad VoltageCurrent1,2,3,4Nill2, 3, &411, 3, &421, 2, &431, 2, &34. FRICTIONAL POWER: IP1 = BP (total) – BP2, 3& 4 IP2 = BP (total) – BP1, 3&4 IP3 = BP (total) – BP1, 2&4 IP4 = BP (total) – BP1, 2&3Therefore, IP (total) = IP1 + IP2 + IP3 +IP4 Therefore, Frictional power, FP = IP (total) - BP (total HEAT BALANCE SHEET (on minute basis)Heat input = mfc X cv ……..KJ / min. 60B.Heat equivalent to BP = BP X 60……… KJ / minC.Heat carried away by cooling water (engine jacket) = mW X cpW (T2 – T1) ……. KJ / min Where, mw = mass of water = vw1 X ρw X 60 X 10-6 Vw1 = volume of water flow in to engine jacket through Rota meter Wt cpW = 4.18 kj / kg K D.Heat carried away by exhaust gas = (T4 – Ta) x mw x cpW x (T3 – T1) ……. KJ / min (T4 - T5) Where, mw = mass of water = vw2 X ρw X 60 X 10-6 Vw2 = volume of water flow in to engine jacket through Rota meter Rt cpW = 4.18 kj / kg KE.Unaccounted Heat = A – (B + C + D)………….KJ / min Therefore, Heat balance is 100 % = 100 % ................
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