Climates around the World



Climates around the World

|Country |Climate |

|Afghanistan |arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |

|Akrotiri |temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |

|Albania |mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter |

|Algeria |arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot |

| |summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |

|American Samoa |tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season |

| |(November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation |

|Andorra |temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |

|Angola |semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy |

| |season (November to April) |

|Anguilla |tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |

|Antarctica |severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder|

| |than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; |

| |higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing |

|Antigua and Barbuda |tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation |

|Arctic Ocean |polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters |

| |characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers |

| |characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow |

|Argentina |mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest |

|Armenia |highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |

|Aruba |tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |

|Ashmore and Cartier Islands |tropical |

|Atlantic Ocean |tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the |

| |Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November |

|Australia |generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |

|Austria |temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in |

| |mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers |

|Azerbaijan |dry, semiarid steppe |

|Bahamas, The |tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream |

|Bahrain |arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |

|Baker Island |equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |

|Bangladesh |tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June |

| |to October) |

|Barbados |tropical; rainy season (June to October) |

|Belarus |cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime |

|Belgium |temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy |

|Belize |tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) |

|Benin |tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |

|Bermuda |subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter |

|Bhutan |varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool|

| |summers in Himalayas |

|Bolivia |varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid |

|Bosnia and Herzegovina |hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; |

| |mild, rainy winters along coast |

|Botswana |semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |

|Bouvet Island |antarctic |

|Brazil |mostly tropical, but temperate in south |

|British Indian Ocean Territory |tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds |

|British Virgin Islands |subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds |

|Brunei |tropical; hot, humid, rainy |

|Bulgaria |temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |

|Burkina Faso |tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers |

|Burma |tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, |

| |scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) |

|Burundi |equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average |

| |annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the |

| |average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May |

| |and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January) |

|Cambodia |tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal |

| |temperature variation |

|Cameroon |varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north |

|Canada |varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north |

|Cape Verde |temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic |

|Cayman Islands |tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) |

|Central African Republic |tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers |

|Chad |tropical in south, desert in north |

|Chile |temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south |

|China |extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north |

|Christmas Island |tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |

|Clipperton Island |tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, wet season (May to October) |

|Cocos (Keeling) Islands |tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year |

|Colombia |tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands |

|Comoros |tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) |

|Congo, Democratic Republic of the |tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter |

| |in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); |

| |south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October) |

|Congo, Republic of the |tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and |

| |humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator |

|Cook Islands |tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from |

| |December to March |

|Coral Sea Islands |tropical |

|Costa Rica |tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands|

|Cote d'Ivoire |tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry |

| |(March to May), hot and wet (June to October) |

|Croatia |Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild |

| |winters, dry summers along coast |

|Cuba |tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) |

|Cyprus |temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |

|Czech Republic |temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |

|Denmark |temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers |

|Dhekelia |temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |

|Djibouti |desert; torrid, dry |

|Dominica |tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall |

|Dominican Republic |tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall |

|Ecuador |tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands |

|Egypt |desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters |

|El Salvador |tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in |

| |uplands |

|Equatorial Guinea |tropical; always hot, humid |

|Eritrea |hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of |

| |rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands |

|Estonia |maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers |

|Ethiopia |tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation |

|European Union |cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the |

| |south |

|Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average |

| |annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does |

| |not accumulate |

|Faroe Islands |mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy |

|Fiji |tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation |

|Finland |cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North |

| |Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes |

|France |metropolitan France: generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the |

| |Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral |

| |French Guiana: tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation |

| |Guadeloupe and Martinique: subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity; rainy season (June |

| |to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average |

| |Reunion: tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry (May to November), hot and rainy |

| |(November to April) |

|French Polynesia |tropical, but moderate |

|French Southern and Antarctic Lands |Ile Amsterdam et Ile Saint-Paul: oceanic with persistent westerly winds and high humidity |

| |Iles Crozet: windy, cold, wet, and cloudy |

| |Iles Kerguelen: oceanic, cold, overcast, windy |

| |Iles Eparses: tropical |

|Gabon |tropical; always hot, humid |

|Gambia, The |tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) |

|Gaza Strip |temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers |

|Georgia |warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast |

|Germany |temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind |

|Ghana |tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north |

|Gibraltar |Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers |

|Greece |temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers |

|Greenland |arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters |

|Grenada |tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds |

|Guam |tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season (January to June), |

| |rainy season (July to December); little seasonal temperature variation |

|Guatemala |tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands |

|Guernsey |temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast |

|Guinea |generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season |

| |(December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |

|Guinea-Bissau |tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; |

| |dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |

|Guyana |tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to August, November to |

| |January) |

|Haiti |tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds |

|Heard Island and McDonald Islands |antarctic |

|Holy See (Vatican City) |temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) |

|Honduras |subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains |

|Hong Kong |subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in |

| |fall |

|Howland Island |equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |

|Hungary |temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers |

|Iceland |temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers |

|India |varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north |

|Indian Ocean |northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during |

| |May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean |

|Indonesia |tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |

|Iran |mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast |

|Iraq |mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along |

| |Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, |

| |sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq |

|Ireland |temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; |

| |overcast about half the time |

|Isle of Man |temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time |

|Israel |temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas |

|Italy |predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south |

|Jamaica |tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior |

|Jan Mayen |arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog |

|Japan |varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north |

|Jarvis Island |tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |

|Jersey |temperate; mild winters and cool summers |

|Johnston Atoll |tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation |

|Jordan |mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) |

|Kazakhstan |continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid |

|Kenya |varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior |

|Kingman Reef |tropical; moderated by prevailing winds |

|Kiribati |tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds |

|Korea, North |temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer |

|Korea, South |temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter |

|Kuwait |dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters |

|Kyrgyzstan |dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern |

| |foothill zone |

|Laos |tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) |

|Latvia |maritime; wet, moderate winters |

|Lebanon |Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter |

| |snows |

|Lesotho |temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers |

|Liberia |tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent |

| |heavy showers |

|Libya |Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior |

|Liechtenstein |continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers |

|Lithuania |transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers |

|Luxembourg |modified continental with mild winters, cool summers |

|Macau |subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |

|Macedonia |warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall |

|Madagascar |tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south |

|Malawi |sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) |

|Malaysia |tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons |

|Maldives |tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) |

|Mali |subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry |

| |(November to February) |

|Malta |Mediterranean; mild, rainy winters; hot, dry summers |

|Marshall Islands |tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November; islands border typhoon belt |

|Mauritania |desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty |

|Mauritius |tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer |

| |(November to May) |

|Mayotte |tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is |

| |cooler (May to November) |

|Mexico |varies from tropical to desert |

|Micronesia, Federated States of |tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the |

| |typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage |

|Midway Islands |subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds |

|Moldova |moderate winters, warm summers |

|Monaco |Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |

|Mongolia |desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |

|Montenegro |Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland |

|Montserrat |tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation |

|Morocco |Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior |

|Mozambique |tropical to subtropical |

|Namibia |desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic |

|Nauru |tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) |

|Navassa Island |marine, tropical |

|Nepal |varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south |

|Netherlands |temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters |

|Netherlands Antilles |tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds |

|New Caledonia |tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid |

|New Zealand |temperate with sharp regional contrasts |

|Nicaragua |tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands |

|Niger |desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south |

|Nigeria |varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |

|Niue |tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |

|Norfolk Island |subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |

|Northern Mariana Islands |tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season |

| |December to June, rainy season July to October |

|Norway |temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and |

| |colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast |

|Oman |dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in |

| |far south |

|Pacific Ocean |planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and |

| |east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical|

| |cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; |

| |continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western |

| |regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season |

| |occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry |

| |season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical |

| |cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December |

|Pakistan |mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north |

|Palau |tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November |

|Palmyra Atoll |equatorial, hot, and very rainy |

|Panama |tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to |

| |May) |

|Papua New Guinea |tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal |

| |temperature variation |

|Paracel Islands |tropical |

|Paraguay |subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west |

|Peru |varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes |

|Philippines |tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October) |

|Pitcairn Islands |tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) |

|Poland |temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with |

| |frequent showers and thundershowers |

|Portugal |maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south |

|Puerto Rico |tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation |

|Qatar |arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |

|Romania |temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and |

| |thunderstorms |

|Russia |ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia |

| |to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; |

| |summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast |

|Rwanda |temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow |

| |possible |

|Saint Barthelemy |tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid) |

|Saint Helena |Saint Helena: tropical marine; mild, tempered by trade winds |

| |Ascension Island: tropical marine; mild, semi-arid |

| |Tristan da Cunha: temperate marine; mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) |

|Saint Kitts and Nevis |tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to |

| |November) |

|Saint Lucia |tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August |

|Saint Martin |temperature averages 80-85 degrees all year long; low humidity, gentle trade winds, brief, intense rain |

| |showers; July-Novemeber is the hurricane season |

|Saint Pierre and Miquelon |cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy |

|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) |

|Samoa |tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October) |

|San Marino |Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |

|Sao Tome and Principe |tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) |

|Saudi Arabia |harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes |

|Senegal |tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to |

| |April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind |

|Serbia |in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in |

| |other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry |

| |summers and autumns) |

|Seychelles |tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during |

| |northwest monsoon (March to May) |

|Sierra Leone |tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) |

|Singapore |tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon (December to March) and |

| |Southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms |

|Slovakia |temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |

|Slovenia |Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the |

| |plateaus and valleys to the east |

|Solomon Islands |tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather |

|Somalia |principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in |

| |south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot |

| |and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons |

|South Africa |mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights |

|South Georgia and the South Sandwich|variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all |

|Islands |precipitation falls as snow |

|Southern Ocean |sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward |

| |around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open |

| |ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds |

| |found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific |

| |sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 |

| |degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the |

| |shoreline ice-free throughout the winter |

|Spain |temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in |

| |interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast |

|Spratly Islands |tropical |

|Sri Lanka |tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October) |

|Sudan |tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |

|Suriname |tropical; moderated by trade winds |

|Svalbard |arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows |

| |along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year |

|Swaziland |varies from tropical to near temperate |

|Sweden |temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north |

|Switzerland |temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers |

| |with occasional showers |

|Syria |mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along |

| |coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus |

|Taiwan |tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and |

| |extensive all year |

|Tajikistan |midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |

|Tanzania |varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands |

|Thailand |tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November|

| |to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid |

|Timor-Leste |tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons |

|Togo |tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |

|Tokelau |tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |

|Tonga |tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) |

|Trinidad and Tobago |tropical; rainy season (June to December) |

|Tunisia |temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south |

|Turkey |temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior |

|Turkmenistan |subtropical desert |

|Turks and Caicos Islands |tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry |

|Tuvalu |tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to |

| |March) |

|Uganda |tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast |

|Ukraine |temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately |

| |distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black |

| |Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south |

|United Arab Emirates |desert; cooler in eastern mountains |

|United Kingdom |temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the|

| |days are overcast |

|United States |mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of |

| |the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest|

| |are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the |

| |Rocky Mountains |

|United States Pacific Island |Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |

|Wildlife Refuges |Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little |

| |seasonal temperature variation |

| |Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to |

| |October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 1,067 mm (42 in) of annual rainfall occurs |

| |during the winter |

| |Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone |

| |(ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 4,000-5,000 mm |

| |(160-200 in) of rainfall each year |

|Uruguay |warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown |

|Uzbekistan |mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east |

|Vanuatu |tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; |

| |may be affected by cyclones from December to April |

|Venezuela |tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |

|Vietnam |tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October|

| |to March) |

|Virgin Islands |subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature |

| |variation; rainy season September to November |

|Wake Island |tropical |

|Wallis and Futuna |tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per |

| |year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C |

|West Bank |temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters |

|Western Sahara |hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |

|World |a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates - bordered north and south by subtropical temperate|

| |zones - that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climates |

|Yemen |mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; |

| |extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east |

|Zambia |tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) |

|Zimbabwe |tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) |

CIA World Factbook, 2007

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