Unit Four: Cardiovascular System



Unit Six: Cardiovascular System and Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

Unit Objectives: Name________________________________

1. To describe the functions and structures of the

cardiovascular system

2. To label the structures of the heart

3. To understand and demonstrate the

circulation of blood through the heart and body

4. To understand various health problems specific to the cardiovascular system and factors that may predispose a person to those problems

5. To demonstrate how to properly assess blood pressure using a blood pressure cuff and stethoscope

6. To examine various methods for treating acute and

long-term cardiovascular health problems.

7. To discuss the impact of using tobacco products on cardiovascular health.

Assessments: This unit will be assessed with a quiz, as well as a unit test on Wed/Thurs 12/19 & 12/20.

Cardiovascular System Unit Syllabus

|Day |Lesson Objectives |Assignments |

|12/5 & 12/6 |Project Work Time |Reading and Note-Taking (pgs.3-4) Due: 12/5 & |

| | |12/6 |

|12/7 |Intro to Cardiovascular System |Reading and Note-Taking |

| |Function/Purpose |(pgs. 5-7) Due: 12/10 |

| |Vascular Structures | |

| |Cells in Blood | |

|12/10 |Anatomy of the Heart |Flow Map Activity (pg.11) |

| |Chambers |Due: 12/11 |

| |Valves & Vascular Structures |Read pg. 12: How Does the Heart Beat, Complete |

| |Blood Flow |Activity |

|12/11 |Review Anatomy of Heart & Blood Flow |Review Notes & Study for Quiz |

| |How Does the Heart Beat? | |

| |AED Function | |

|12/12 & |Web Activity: Cardiovascular Diseases and Treatment Options | |

|12/13 | | |

|12/14 |Quiz: Anatomy of Heart |Project Outline Due Monday (12/17) |

| |Finish Web Activity |Finish Web Activity for |

| | |Monday (12/17) |

|12/17 |Web Activity Discussion |Complete Quizlet Assignment for Extra Credit on |

| | |Test |

| | |Complete Test Review Sheet |

|12/18 |Review Day | |

|12/19 & 12/20 |Cardiovascular System Test | |

| |Turn In Unit 6 Packet | |

|12/21 |Project Work Day/Presentation Expectations | |

|1/4 |How to Take Blood Pressure |Complete Lab |

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The Cardiovascular System

Your heart and circulatory system make up your cardiovascular system. “Cardio” means heart, and “vascular” means blood vessels! Your heart works as a collect and pump system. It collects blood without oxygen from the body, sends it to the lungs to get re-oxygenated and then pumps blood with oxygen out to the organs, tissues, and cells. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell and removes the carbon dioxide and waste products made by those cells. Blood is carried from your heart to the rest of your body through a complex network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Blood is returned to your heart through venules and veins. If all the vessels of this network in your body were laid end-to-end, they would extend for about 60,000 miles (more than 96,500 kilometers), which is far enough to circle the earth more than twice! The one-way circulatory system carries blood to all parts of your body. This process of blood flow within your body is called circulation. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from your heart and have thick muscular walls to withstand high amounts of pressure when the heart contracts. Each time the heart beats arteries are pushing pints of blood out to your tissue structures. Thus, if an artery is damaged it can result in quick blood loss. There are twenty major arteries that make a path through your tissues, where they branch into smaller vessels called arterioles. Arterioles further branch into capillaries, the true deliverers of oxygen and nutrients to your cells. Capillaries have ultra thin walls and are thinner than a hair. In fact, many are so tiny, only one blood cell can move through them at a time. Once the capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients and pick up carbon dioxide and other waste, they move the blood back through wider vessels called venules. Venules eventually join to form veins, which deliver the blood back to your heart to pick up oxygen. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart and have much thinner vessel walls since they are under less pressure. Veins have to work against gravity in the legs to return blood to the heart, thus the contraction of muscles aids in the process.

1. What are the functions of the heart?

2. What structures carry blood away from the heart?______________________________________

3. What structures return blood to the heart?____________________________________________

4. Arteries carry blood with_____________________________________________. Describe the structure of an artery and purpose of that structure.

5. What are the functions and structure of a capillary?

6. Veins carry blood without ___________________________________________. Describe the structure of a vein and how return of blood to the heart works differently than an artery.

Put the following terms in the correct order:

______Artery ______Capillary ______ Venule ______ Vein ______ Arteriole

Blood

The circulatory system and blood vessels are the route by which the cells in your body get the oxygen and nutrients they need, but blood is the actual carrier of the oxygen and nutrients. Blood is made mostly of plasma, which is a yellowish liquid that is 90% water. But in addition to the water, plasma also contains salts, hormones, fats, carbohydrates (sugars), proteins, and gases.

The average man has between 10 and 12 pints of blood in his body. The average woman has between 8 and 9 pints. To give you an idea of how much blood that is, 8 pints is equal to 1 gallon (think of a gallon of milk).

What is the function of blood?

Blood carries oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to the body’s cells. It also carries away carbon dioxide and all of the waste products that the body does not need. (The kidneys filter and clean the blood.) Blood also:

• Helps keep your body at the right temperature

• Sends antibodies to fight infection

• Contains clotting factors to help the blood to clot

What are the 3 main types of cells in the blood?

• Platelets, which help the blood to clot. Clotting stops the blood from flowing out of the body when a vein or artery is broken. Platelets are also called thrombocytes.

• Red blood cells, which carry oxygen. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that is responsible for carrying the oxygen molecule. Of the 3 types of blood cells, red blood cells are the most plentiful. In fact, a healthy adult has about 35 trillion of them. The body creates these cells at a rate of about 2.4 million a second, and they each have a life span of about 120 days. Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes.

• White blood cells, which ward off infection. These cells, which come in many shapes and sizes, are vital to the immune system. When the body is fighting off infection, it makes them in ever-increasing numbers. Still, compared to the number of red blood cells in the body, the number of white blood cells is low. Most healthy adults have about 700 times as many red blood cells as white ones. White blood cells are also called leukocytes.

1. How many pints of blood does the average man and woman have in their body?

2. What are the main functions of blood?

3. Identify the main function of each cell listed below AND the anatomical name for each cell.

Platelets:

Red Blood Cells:

White Blood Cells:

The Heart

The heart is a hollow muscular organ (also known as the myocardium) that weighs between 7 and 15 ounces (200 to 425 grams) and is a little larger than the size of your fist. By the end of a long life, a person's heart may have beat (expanded and contracted) more than 3.5 billion times. In fact, each day, the average heart beats 100,000 times, pumping about 2,000 gallons of blood through almost 60,000 miles of vessels. (enough to circle the earth more than twice)

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Your heart is located between your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly to the left of your breastbone (sternum). A double-layered membrane called the pericardium surrounds your heart like a sac to help protect it. Since your heart is hollow, it contains 4 chambers. The chambers are divided into left and right sections separated by a wall of muscle called the septum. Each chamber of the heart has a separate and unique job. The two upper chambers are called the left and right atrium, and the two lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. The atrium are responsible for receiving or collecting blood and the ventricles are responsible for pumping blood.

When blood enters the heart it does not have oxygen and will first go into the right atrium. It then travels to the right ventricle. From there it will be pumped to the lungs to pick up oxygen. Since the lungs do not have the ability to push blood out to the body, the blood(which now has oxygen) is then pumped back to the heart and is collected by the left atrium. Finally it will travel to the left ventricle which is responsible for pumping blood out to the body. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart. The left ventricle's chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they have enough force to push blood out to the body.

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In order to ensure that blood does not freely travel between the chambers of the heart AND that it only travels in one direction there are several structures that divide them to prevent this. First the septum (which was mentioned above) separates the right atrium and right ventricle from the left atrium and left ventricle. Also, between each chamber is a valve. There are four valves in the heart. A valve is a tissue that contains small leaflets that open and close in only ONE direction to allow blood to move to the next place in the heart. (See Below).

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Diagram showing the 4 valves of the heart

A close up look at a heart valve A look at a valve when it is open versus close

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Even though the heart’s job is to pump oxygenated blood out to body parts, it needs oxygen to. The coronary arteries are small vessels that sit on the heart muscle’s surface, constantly feeding oxygenated blood to the heart. If a coronary artery becomes blocked, a person would have a heart attack.

Remember, the heart beats almost 100,000 times EVERY single day. So blood is constantly traveling in and out of the heart and lungs to collect more oxygen, drop oxygen off to body parts and start all over again.

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Use the reading to answer the questions below and complete the vocab assignment.

What is another name for the heart muscle?______________________________________________

About how large is the average heart?

How many times does the heart beat each day, how much blood does it pump AND how many miles of vessels are in the human body?

The heart is hollow to allow it to collect and pump blood out to the body. How many hollow chambers are in the heart?

______________

The upper chambers are called:___________________________________________

The lower chambers are called:___________________________________________

Put the following in order to show how blood moves through the chambers of the heart:

______ Right Ventricle ______ Left Ventricle _____ Right Atrium ______Left Atrium

8. What structures ensure that blood will only move through the heart in one direction?_______________

|Term |Definition |

|Atrium | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|Ventricle | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|Septum | |

| | |

| | |

|Valve | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|Coronary | |

|Artery | |

| | |

| | |

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ATRIUM OR UPPER CHAMBERS: FILL WITH BLOOD COMING IN TO HEART

VENTRICLES OR LOWER CHAMBERS: PUMP BLOOD OUT OF THE HEART

RIGHT SIDE OF HEART = HAS NO OXYGEN: THINK BLUE!

LEFT SIDE OF HEART= HAS OXYGEN: THINK RED!

Structures of the Heart

A. The heart is a ___________________________ about the size of your____________________.

Two Pump System with 4 Chambers

Upper Chambers are also called:__________________________ (fill with blood coming into heart)

Lower Chambers are also called:__________________________(pump blood out of heart)

Two Structures that ensure blood moves in one direction through the heart:

A.

B.

3 Types of Blood Vessels are involved in Blood/Oxygen/CO2 Tranport

1. Vessels that take blood away from the heart:_______________________________________

2. Vessels that bring blood to the heart:______________________________________________

3. Vessels that connect Arteries to Veins:_____________________________________________

1. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava:

2. Right Atrium:

3. Right Ventricle:

4. Pulmonary Artery:

5. Pulmonary Vein:

6. Left Atrium:

7. Left Ventricle:

8. Aorta:

9. Coronary Arteries:

A review of how blood moves through the parts of the heart

The right and left sides of the heart have separate functions. The right side of the heart collects oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The left side of the heart then collects oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body so that the cells throughout your body have the oxygen they need to function properly.

Blood Flow

All blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins: The superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC).

The SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body. The IVC collects blood from the lower half of the body. Blood leaves the SVC and the IVC and enters the right atrium (RA).

When the RA contracts, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle (RV). When the RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery (PA) and into the lungs where it picks up oxygen.

Why does it happen this way? Because blood returning from the body is relatively poor in oxygen. It needs to be full of oxygen before being returned to the body. So the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs first to pick up oxygen before going to the left side of the heart where it is returned to the body full of oxygen.

Blood now returns to the heart from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins and goes into the left atrium (LA). When the LA contracts, blood travels through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle (LV). The LV is a very important chamber that pumps blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. The aorta is the main artery of the body. It receives all the blood that the heart has pumped out and distributes it to the rest of the body. The LV has a thicker muscle than any other heart chamber because it must pump blood to the rest of the body against much higher pressure in the general circulation (blood pressure).

Here is a recap of what we just discussed. Blood from the body flows:

to the superior and inferior vena cava,

then to the right atrium

through the tricuspid valve

to the right ventricle

through the pulmonary valve

to the pulmonary artery

to the lungs

The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:

to the pulmonary veins

to the left atrium

through the mitral valve

to the left ventricle

through the aortic valve

to the aorta

to the body

Review of the Anatomy of the Heart:

Part One: Create a Flow Map in the space below that demonstrates your understanding of how blood moves through the heart and lungs! You must include all terms listed below and may organize your flow map any way you would like! Please begin with return of blood without oxygen through the vena cavas.

- Right Ventricle - Right Atrium - Left Ventricle - Left Atrium

- Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas - Aorta - Pulmonary Arteries

- Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Tricuspid Valve - Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

- Aortic Valve - Pulmonary Valve

More Review Activities

It is your responsibility to learn the parts of the heart and be able to demonstrate, through labeling and writing, that you understand the anatomy of the heart and circulation. There are MANY links on the wiki at ghshealth., which will help you to practice your knowledge as well as provide additional reading materials for those who would like the information presented in a different format!!

Understanding How The Heart Beats:

The heart is an amazing organ and has the ability to contract all on its own. If you would like, please travel to and use the stethoscope to listen to the sound of a beating heart.

A unique electrical system in the heart causes it to beat in a regular rhythm all on its own!! This system is referred to as the heart’s “natural pacemaker.” With each heartbeat, an electrical signal spreads from the top of the heart to the bottom of the heart. As the signal travels, it causes the heart to contract in two waves and pump blood.

The sinoatrial (pronounced: sy-no-a-tree-ul) or SA node, a small area of tissue in the wall of the right atrium, sends out an electrical signal to start the contraction of the heart muscle. These electrical impulses cause the atria to contract first; they then travel down to the atrioventricular or AV node. After a split second delay to allow the ventricles to fill, the atrioventricular node will send the electrical signal through the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract and force blood out into the major arteries. (the aorta and pulmonary arteries) Thus, the heart beats in two waves. First, the atria contract together, and then the ventricles contract together. This is why you hear a “thump thump” or more technically a “lub dup” sound, when you listen to a human heart beating. Sometimes the heart’s “natural pacemaker” does not function correctly and a person would have to have a pacemaker implanted in their chest. A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. The device has insulated wires attached to it that are threaded through arteries or veins and placed in the heart. The wires monitor the heart’s rate and can deliver electrical impulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate if it is beating to slow or fast.

The average heart will beat 60 to 80 times each minute. As we exercise and our need for oxygen increases, the sinoatrial node will speed the rate at which it sends messages, causing the heart to beat faster and increasing the rate at which oxygen can be distributed to body parts.

Please re-write the paragraph above in your own words explaining how the heart beats. Please include the words: Sinoatrial Node, Atrioventricular Node, Atrium/Atria, and Ventricles.

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Cardiovascular System WebQuest: Heart Conditions and Treatment

Go To:

What is atherosclerosis?

What is plaque?

Why can it be problematic?

Where can atherosclerosis happen in the body?

Click on “Causes”

What are 4 main reasons a person will get atherosclerosis:

a. b.

c. d.

Click on “Health Topics” near the top of the page: Click on Angina

What is angina?

What does it feel like?

What is angina an indication of?

Click on “Health Topics”: Click on Heart Attack

What is a heart attack?

What specific arteries are blocked when a person has a heart attack?_______________________________

3. What happens if a plaque ruptures in an artery? Be specific.

4. Based on our discussion of blood in class, what cells would attempt to PATCH leaking plaque?

Identify 4 signs/symptoms associated with a heart attack:

a. b. c. d.

Click on “Health Topics”: Then Click on Arrhythmias:

What is an arrhythmia?

Differentiate between bradycardia and tachycardia:

3. Based on our discussions in class, what device would a person suffering from an arrhythmia be eligible for?

Click on “Health Topics”: Then Click on Heart Murmur:

What is a heart murmur and what do they often sound like?

2. What is the sound associated with a normal heartbeat? AND what part of the heart creates these sounds?

Click on “Health Topics”: Click on Coronary Angioplasty

What is Coronary Angioplasty and why is it done?

Click on “How is it Done”

What is a coronary angiography? Summarize how it is done to the patient. BE SPECIFIC.

‘

Once a doctor determines what vessels are blocked, what is then done for the angioplasty procedure:

Create and label a visual to show a vessel that would need an angioplasty procedure:

What is a stent and why is it used?

5. Why are some stents coated in drugs?

Click on “Health Topics”: Click on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

What does CABG stand for?________________________________________________________

For what reason is the surgery done?

3. Explain what is done during the procedure:

Do your own research and generate a list of 10 “heart healthy” tips that all people should be practicing!

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System Review Assignment:

Using the website quizlet .com, create a set of flashcards for all of the terms below to help you learn the anatomy and diseases of the heart and cardiovascular system

You must include the following terms/concepts:

- Artery - Vein - Capillary - Valve - Myocardium

- Atrium - Ventricle - Aorta - Pulmonary Artery

- Septum - Coronary Arteries - Superior & Inferior Vena Cavas

- Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) - Atrioventricular Node(AV node) - Pacemaker

- Arrhythmia - Heart Attack - Heart Murmur - Angina - Atherosclerosis

- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - Angioplasty - Angiography

A. Submitting Your Flashcards for Grading:

Once you have completed your flashcards, please go to the wiki, click on the section for your class (Period 1). Click on the small box in the right hand corner of the screen (to the right of the word “Edit”), that has two small conversation icons in it.

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This will open a new window:

Click the “New Post” button, enter your name as the subject line

Post the link to your quizlet in the message section.

Grading: This assignment will count as two homework/classwork grades.

Due: By test day!

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The heart connects to a large network of arteries and veins to constantly circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body!!

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