Appendix D: Percentiles and Standard Deviations of ...

[Pages:6]Appendix D

Percentiles and Standard Deviations of Mathematics Achievement

SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007

454

appendix d: percentiles and standard deviations of mathematics achievement

ExEhxhibibititDD.1.1: PePrceerncetinletisleosfoAfcAhciehvieevmeemnetnint iMnaMthaethmeamtiactsics

Country

Algeria Armenia Australia Austria Chinese Taipei Colombia Czech Republic Denmark El Salvador England Georgia Germany Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iran, Islamic Rep. of Italy Japan Kazakhstan Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Qatar Russian Federation Scotland Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Tunisia Ukraine United States Yemen

Benchmarking Participants

Alberta, Canada British Columbia, Canada Dubai, UAE Massachusetts, US Minnesota, US Ontario, Canada Quebec, Canada

5th Percentile

227 (7.9) 355 (6.2) 373 (8.2) 386 (3.1) 457 (4.1) 209 (10.2) 361 (6.6) 403 (9.9) 180 (8.9) 392 (4.2) 289 (6.3) 409 (10.3) 493 (9.1) 347 (12.4) 260 (5.6) 374 (6.1) 438 (2.6) 399 (16.3) 148 (8.7) 416 (2.8) 396 (3.7) 193 (3.9) 429 (7.0) 341 (7.3) 341 (7.0) 149 (1.9) 400 (4.1) 359 (6.5) 447 (6.5) 350 (9.8) 376 (4.0) 388 (4.5) 139 (8.2) 321 (5.0) 401 (3.8) 46 (7.6)

394 (4.6) 384 (9.0) 293 (9.5) 457 (10.0) 418 (15.7) 395 (4.5) 406 (2.8)

10th Percentile

261 (8.0) 385 (5.1) 408 (6.5) 416 (2.9) 488 (2.3) 238 (4.7) 392 (6.9) 431 (4.2) 212 (5.7) 429 (5.2) 322 (5.7) 440 (3.8) 520 (4.0) 389 (8.4) 290 (4.4) 406 (5.6) 471 (3.0) 435 (9.1) 184 (5.3) 444 (2.2) 430 (3.3) 223 (6.3) 454 (4.9) 377 (4.8) 372 (3.3) 179 (1.8) 436 (4.7) 389 (3.9) 487 (7.1) 389 (9.7) 408 (3.0) 417 (4.4) 178 (5.5) 356 (4.6) 430 (4.2) 81 (7.1)

421 (5.1) 414 (4.7) 325 (5.7) 485 (5.4) 452 (17.1) 423 (5.4) 432 (3.6)

25th Percentile

318 (6.7) 439 (4.3) 463 (4.1) 462 (3.6) 532 (2.1) 295 (6.4) 440 (4.9) 478 (3.9) 267 (5.0) 487 (3.5) 378 (6.8) 483 (2.6) 564 (4.2) 452 (6.6) 346 (4.9) 457 (3.7) 520 (2.1) 496 (9.9) 245 (3.4) 490 (3.9) 482 (3.5) 273 (6.4) 495 (2.9) 436 (2.6) 424 (4.6) 233 (1.1) 492 (5.4) 442 (2.9) 548 (5.1) 446 (4.2) 457 (2.5) 459 (3.3) 249 (5.6) 414 (3.3) 479 (2.3) 145 (7.3)

463 (2.4) 460 (3.0) 384 (3.6) 527 (4.0) 504 (6.6) 468 (6.2) 473 (4.1)

50th Percentile

379 (4.1) 498 (3.6) 519 (4.3) 509 (2.3) 578 (2.3) 355 (6.0) 490 (4.0) 525 (3.0) 329 (4.9) 546 (2.4) 442 (4.9) 529 (2.5) 609 (4.1) 516 (3.6) 406 (3.2) 510 (4.4) 571 (2.9) 555 (6.4) 319 (5.7) 540 (3.3) 535 (3.5) 338 (4.5) 537 (2.0) 498 (2.5) 478 (3.4) 297 (1.4) 546 (4.6) 499 (2.7) 606 (3.5) 502 (2.6) 506 (1.4) 505 (2.2) 332 (6.6) 475 (3.3) 531 (2.6) 219 (8.3)

506 (3.1) 507 (2.5) 446 (2.0) 573 (4.1) 559 (6.3) 514 (5.3) 521 (3.4)

75th Percentile

439 (4.4) 559 (5.8) 573 (4.2) 552 (3.0) 623 (2.2) 416 (4.2) 536 (2.9) 571 (2.4) 393 (4.2) 600 (3.6) 501 (5.8) 572 (2.2) 653 (4.0) 574 (3.7) 461 (4.2) 558 (3.3) 620 (2.1) 610 (6.2) 387 (3.1) 587 (2.5) 583 (2.9) 404 (6.4) 577 (2.8) 553 (2.5) 526 (2.8) 360 (0.9) 599 (5.1) 549 (3.1) 659 (4.0) 553 (3.8) 550 (2.3) 548 (3.0) 411 (5.2) 528 (3.1) 581 (3.0) 298 (6.7)

550 (3.1) 553 (1.9) 506 (2.3) 619 (4.1) 609 (5.3) 558 (5.2) 566 (4.5)

90th Percentile

493 (6.2) 617 (8.2) 620 (2.9) 590 (3.7) 663 (2.3) 470 (5.2) 576 (2.8) 611 (3.6) 448 (5.0) 647 (4.9) 549 (4.1) 607 (3.2) 691 (6.0) 620 (2.9) 508 (2.9) 601 (3.8) 663 (3.3) 653 (7.3) 443 (5.5) 628 (3.9) 624 (3.6) 466 (6.3) 612 (2.6) 598 (2.6) 566 (3.0) 413 (1.6) 647 (6.9) 592 (2.7) 702 (4.5) 597 (4.5) 589 (3.1) 586 (3.0) 469 (3.9) 573 (2.6) 625 (3.1) 371 (6.8)

588 (3.4) 595 (4.8) 559 (2.1) 661 (5.3) 649 (4.9) 598 (4.2) 605 (3.1)

95th Percentile

522 (6.2) 650 (5.4) 647 (3.9) 612 (1.5) 686 (2.1) 503 (8.5) 597 (2.9) 634 (4.8) 480 (5.4) 676 (4.3) 582 (6.4) 629 (2.6) 712 (5.3) 647 (4.6) 534 (6.4) 629 (12.2) 688 (3.8) 675 (4.3) 475 (5.5) 650 (2.5) 645 (5.6) 508 (15.1) 632 (2.3) 626 (3.6) 591 (5.6) 444 (3.2) 677 (9.8) 618 (3.6) 725 (4.1) 623 (5.2) 613 (2.8) 608 (2.7) 501 (4.7) 599 (5.1) 650 (5.2) 414 (9.3)

612 (2.2) 620 (3.1) 589 (6.2) 687 (5.9) 675 (6.3) 621 (3.6) 627 (4.5)

( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.

Note: Percentiles are defined in terms of percentages of students at or below a point on the scale.

SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007

appendix d: percentiles and standard deviations of mathematics achievement

ExEhxhibibititDD.1.1: PePrceerncetinletisleosfoAfcAhciehvieevmeemnetnint iMnaMthaethmeamtiactsic(Cso(Cnotinntuineude) d)

Country

Algeria Armenia Australia Bahrain Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bulgaria Chinese Taipei Colombia Cyprus Czech Republic Egypt El Salvador England Georgia Ghana Hong Kong SAR Hungary Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Lebanon Lithuania Malaysia Malta Morocco Norway Oman Palestinian Nat'l Auth. Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Scotland Serbia Singapore Slovenia Sweden Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United States

Benchmarking Participants

Basque Country, Spain British Columbia, Canada Dubai, UAE Massachusetts, US Minnesota, US Ontario, Canada Quebec, Canada

5th Percentile

291 (2.9) 351 (5.9) 365 (6.8) 259 (6.5) 322 (5.8) 236 (3.6) 280 (13.1) 403 (7.7) 250 (5.2) 310 (5.3) 382 (4.5) 222 (9.0) 222 (7.7) 366 (12.2) 245 (9.9) 162 (8.9) 394 (18.2) 375 (9.8) 254 (10.7) 266 (5.8) 287 (9.7) 349 (5.1) 424 (4.5) 253 (6.0) 435 (5.1) 221 (5.6) 329 (5.2) 371 (6.1) 342 (9.8) 315 (5.4) 251 (5.2) 356 (4.3) 207 (7.5) 195 (5.4) 152 (3.4) 289 (7.6) 372 (4.5) 202 (5.3) 355 (5.4) 333 (4.9) 422 (9.2) 384 (3.9) 371 (4.7) 259 (6.8) 297 (5.3) 313 (4.1) 263 (6.2) 310 (6.7) 379 (4.8)

379 (7.1) 386 (6.9) 294 (5.1) 404 (10.2) 414 (10.4) 398 (5.0) 418 (6.1)

10th Percentile

311 (3.2) 390 (5.3) 394 (8.3) 289 (5.3) 352 (3.6) 264 (3.6) 324 (9.4) 448 (6.5) 281 (6.7) 347 (2.5) 408 (3.2) 258 (4.4) 248 (2.6) 400 (9.0) 280 (8.4) 192 (5.3) 438 (14.9) 405 (4.3) 286 (8.7) 295 (4.7) 328 (8.3) 381 (5.3) 460 (5.5) 290 (7.2) 475 (3.9) 252 (4.6) 354 (5.8) 402 (5.3) 372 (8.0) 359 (2.9) 278 (5.3) 382 (2.3) 245 (6.5) 233 (6.4) 186 (3.1) 328 (7.5) 402 (6.9) 231 (4.3) 381 (6.5) 368 (3.8) 463 (8.7) 409 (3.3) 399 (4.1) 290 (5.0) 327 (4.7) 336 (2.7) 297 (4.9) 346 (7.0) 408 (3.4)

411 (4.3) 415 (6.4) 328 (4.5) 438 (9.7) 444 (9.9) 427 (6.7) 442 (4.3)

25th Percentile

346 (2.7) 448 (2.4) 443 (3.9) 340 (2.7) 405 (3.1) 312 (2.9) 398 (7.1) 535 (5.8) 329 (4.1) 409 (2.8) 455 (2.5) 321 (6.6) 291 (3.2) 459 (7.9) 343 (8.4) 246 (4.7) 518 (8.2) 459 (6.4) 338 (4.5) 344 (4.9) 400 (6.1) 430 (3.5) 515 (3.6) 356 (9.9) 537 (2.9) 301 (2.1) 397 (3.7) 453 (3.9) 421 (5.4) 431 (2.1) 323 (4.6) 425 (2.8) 309 (5.3) 297 (3.2) 243 (1.6) 395 (5.6) 455 (4.4) 278 (3.7) 432 (3.4) 427 (3.8) 533 (5.5) 454 (1.5) 446 (4.9) 339 (4.0) 378 (5.9) 375 (4.4) 354 (4.3) 404 (3.6) 456 (2.6)

456 (4.5) 462 (2.4) 396 (4.5) 498 (7.2) 488 (3.2) 472 (3.7) 481 (6.0)

50th Percentile

386 (2.5) 501 (2.9) 496 (2.8) 399 (2.2) 460 (3.8) 366 (2.7) 473 (4.6) 614 (5.8) 380 (3.3) 471 (2.5) 504 (5.0) 392 (4.1) 340 (2.6) 518 (4.7) 415 (6.3) 309 (5.0) 585 (5.5) 519 (3.9) 397 (4.2) 401 (4.4) 471 (2.9) 482 (2.9) 573 (3.3) 433 (4.2) 604 (3.3) 355 (2.8) 446 (4.3) 506 (3.8) 474 (5.7) 499 (1.5) 380 (3.7) 472 (2.1) 378 (4.4) 370 (4.6) 307 (1.8) 466 (5.8) 515 (4.5) 329 (3.8) 489 (4.5) 490 (3.9) 601 (5.9) 501 (2.4) 494 (2.7) 394 (3.2) 437 (6.2) 418 (2.6) 424 (5.6) 467 (3.7) 509 (3.2)

503 (2.6) 512 (2.4) 468 (3.5) 554 (4.8) 535 (3.9) 519 (3.4) 527 (3.9)

75th Percentile

427 (2.4) 554 (4.5) 548 (4.7) 457 (2.3) 509 (3.0) 415 (3.8) 536 (4.5) 672 (4.7) 431 (3.7) 528 (2.6) 552 (2.7) 462 (4.1) 389 (2.9) 574 (7.1) 478 (3.1) 372 (6.7) 638 (4.3) 576 (3.8) 456 (3.4) 459 (5.7) 533 (5.5) 532 (3.4) 628 (4.2) 503 (4.6) 662 (2.2) 408 (2.7) 502 (5.0) 561 (3.1) 529 (7.2) 553 (1.7) 438 (4.6) 517 (1.9) 440 (3.0) 439 (4.1) 370 (2.1) 533 (6.4) 569 (5.0) 382 (4.8) 544 (5.1) 548 (2.8) 661 (2.7) 550 (3.0) 539 (1.9) 452 (3.5) 501 (9.3) 466 (3.6) 503 (6.7) 523 (3.9) 563 (2.5)

546 (2.5) 558 (3.6) 528 (4.1) 604 (3.6) 578 (5.5) 565 (4.7) 575 (4.1)

90th Percentile

465 (1.9) 601 (6.3) 600 (7.9) 505 (5.3) 552 (2.6) 460 (3.8) 586 (4.6) 721 (4.6) 477 (3.6) 575 (5.1) 599 (3.6) 521 (4.5) 433 (3.2) 618 (6.8) 532 (10.1) 428 (5.5) 681 (4.3) 624 (5.4) 509 (5.4) 516 (7.6) 584 (7.3) 574 (6.3) 677 (4.0) 556 (3.9) 711 (3.7) 455 (2.6) 549 (3.9) 609 (3.6) 578 (5.9) 597 (1.8) 486 (5.0) 552 (2.3) 492 (2.8) 498 (2.5) 427 (2.3) 587 (4.3) 617 (4.7) 429 (4.5) 590 (4.7) 597 (5.4) 706 (4.3) 594 (3.1) 582 (2.8) 502 (6.2) 562 (11.0) 508 (2.2) 581 (7.7) 572 (4.6) 607 (3.3)

582 (3.6) 600 (4.4) 580 (3.4) 644 (3.8) 617 (7.0) 605 (4.0) 617 (5.7)

455

95th Percentile

485 (3.4) 629 (6.1) 630 (8.8) 533 (3.1) 578 (3.5) 489 (4.6) 617 (7.4) 748 (7.0) 507 (4.3) 603 (2.5) 629 (6.3) 553 (4.8) 462 (5.0) 642 (5.8) 562 (6.9) 461 (7.8) 706 (4.7) 652 (4.2) 541 (6.6) 551 (9.2) 615 (4.7) 600 (5.6) 704 (4.5) 584 (4.6) 738 (4.4) 481 (1.6) 574 (4.7) 635 (3.6) 603 (5.9) 622 (2.7) 511 (4.8) 571 (3.6) 521 (2.5) 530 (4.6) 461 (1.6) 616 (4.3) 644 (4.7) 457 (4.8) 616 (4.6) 624 (4.1) 731 (4.1) 619 (5.9) 604 (2.8) 530 (5.1) 600 (8.9) 532 (5.4) 624 (10.9) 603 (7.2) 633 (5.3)

603 (4.4) 624 (6.0) 611 (4.4) 667 (6.5) 639 (10.3) 629 (6.2) 641 (7.5)

( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.

Note: Percentiles are defined in terms of percentages of students at or below a point on the scale.

SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007

456

appendix d: percentiles and standard deviations of mathematics achievement

Exhibit D.2 ESxhtaibnidtaDr.d2:DSetvainadtiaorndsDoefvAicahtiioenvesmofeAncthinieMveamtheenmt iantiMcsathematics

Country

Algeria Armenia Australia Austria Chinese Taipei Colombia Czech Republic Denmark El Salvador England Georgia Germany Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iran, Islamic Rep. of Italy Japan Kazakhstan Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Morocco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Qatar Russian Federation Scotland Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Sweden Tunisia Ukraine United States Yemen

Benchmarking Participants Alberta, Canada British Columbia, Canada Dubai, UAE Massachusetts, US Minnesota, US Ontario, Canada Quebec, Canada

Overall

Mean

378 (5.2) 500 (4.3) 516 (3.5) 505 (2.0) 576 (1.7) 355 (5.0) 486 (2.8) 523 (2.4) 330 (4.1) 541 (2.9) 438 (4.2) 525 (2.3) 607 (3.6) 510 (3.5) 402 (4.1) 507 (3.1) 568 (2.1) 549 (7.1) 316 (3.6) 537 (2.3) 530 (2.4) 341 (4.7) 535 (2.1) 492 (2.3) 473 (2.5) 296 (1.0) 544 (4.9) 494 (2.2) 599 (3.7) 496 (4.5) 502 (1.8) 503 (2.5) 327 (4.5) 469 (2.9) 529 (2.4) 224 (6.0)

Standard Deviation

90 (2.9) 90 (2.0) 83 (2.0) 68 (1.0) 69 (0.9) 90 (2.6) 71 (1.3) 71 (1.4) 91 (2.1) 86 (1.6) 88 (2.1) 68 (1.2) 67 (1.4) 91 (2.3) 84 (2.2) 77 (1.8) 76 (1.4) 84 (3.7) 99 (2.2) 72 (1.3) 76 (1.8) 95 (2.7) 61 (1.4) 86 (2.0) 76 (1.3) 90 (0.7) 83 (2.4) 79 (1.4) 84 (2.1) 85 (4.0) 71 (1.0) 66 (1.2) 111 (2.3) 84 (1.6) 75 (1.2) 110 (2.7)

505 (3.0) 505 (2.7) 444 (2.1) 572 (3.5) 554 (5.9) 512 (3.1) 519 (3.0)

66 (1.8) 71 (1.5) 90 (2.2) 70 (1.8) 78 (3.6) 68 (1.8) 67 (1.1)

Girls

Mean

380 (5.9) 504 (5.7) 513 (4.2) 498 (2.5) 575 (2.0) 347 (5.2) 483 (3.3) 520 (2.9) 325 (4.6) 541 (3.2) 440 (4.2) 519 (2.5) 605 (3.2) 508 (4.6) 409 (5.2) 499 (3.2) 568 (2.5) 553 (6.7) 333 (4.3) 539 (2.9) 530 (2.8) 339 (5.0) 530 (2.7) 492 (2.4) 470 (3.2) 307 (2.0) 548 (5.5) 490 (2.6) 603 (3.8) 493 (4.6) 499 (2.4) 499 (2.4) 337 (4.7) 469 (3.3) 526 (2.7) 236 (8.0)

Standard Deviation

90 (3.1) 90 (2.6) 79 (2.3) 66 (1.6) 65 (1.3) 86 (2.7) 68 (1.8) 68 (1.9) 89 (2.9) 83 (1.7) 86 (2.5) 68 (1.7) 64 (1.5) 90 (2.8) 79 (2.5) 76 (2.2) 73 (1.4) 82 (4.3) 92 (2.5) 69 (1.9) 73 (1.7) 94 (3.1) 61 (1.5) 82 (2.0) 76 (2.0) 86 (1.4) 81 (3.0) 75 (2.0) 80 (2.2) 85 (5.0) 68 (1.4) 64 (1.4) 108 (2.9) 81 (2.0) 74 (1.5) 108 (3.5)

500 (3.2) 502 (3.1) 452 (4.0) 567 (3.7) 551 (6.1) 509 (3.2) 515 (3.5)

64 (1.8) 70 (1.8) 82 (2.5) 68 (2.5) 75 (2.9) 66 (2.0) 67 (1.7)

Boys

Mean

375 (5.2) 495 (3.7) 519 (3.6) 512 (2.3) 577 (2.0) 364 (5.5) 489 (3.0) 526 (3.2) 334 (5.5) 542 (3.6) 437 (4.9) 531 (2.5) 609 (4.4) 511 (3.8) 396 (5.5) 514 (3.6) 568 (2.7) 545 (7.9) 297 (6.2) 536 (3.0) 530 (3.2) 343 (5.4) 540 (2.4) 493 (3.1) 477 (3.0) 285 (2.1) 540 (4.9) 499 (2.8) 596 (4.1) 499 (4.7) 504 (2.1) 506 (3.1) 319 (5.0) 469 (3.4) 532 (2.7) 214 (6.6)

Standard Deviation

89 (3.2) 89 (2.1) 87 (2.2) 69 (1.1) 73 (1.5) 93 (3.5) 74 (1.7) 73 (2.0) 92 (2.6) 88 (2.1) 90 (2.6) 68 (1.8) 70 (1.9) 93 (2.6) 87 (3.2) 78 (1.8) 79 (2.0) 85 (3.6) 103 (3.0) 74 (2.0) 79 (2.4) 96 (3.2) 61 (1.8) 90 (2.4) 76 (1.6) 93 (1.5) 85 (3.1) 83 (1.6) 88 (2.3) 85 (3.4) 74 (1.4) 68 (1.7) 113 (2.5) 87 (2.2) 77 (1.3) 111 (3.4)

510 (3.2) 508 (3.0) 438 (4.9) 578 (4.2) 557 (6.3) 514 (3.7) 524 (3.3)

68 (2.3) 72 (1.8) 95 (2.9) 71 (2.6) 80 (5.6) 70 (2.4) 67 (1.4)

( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.

appendix d: percentiles and standard deviations of mathematics achievement

457

ExEhxhibibititDD.2.2: StaSntadnadrdarDdeDveiavtiiaotniosnosfoAfcAhciehvieevmeemnetnint iMnaMthaethmeamtiactsic(Cso(Cnotinntuineude) d)

SOURCE: IEA's Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007

Country

Algeria Armenia Australia Bahrain Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bulgaria Chinese Taipei Colombia Cyprus Czech Republic Egypt El Salvador England Georgia Ghana Hong Kong SAR Hungary Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Lebanon Lithuania Malaysia Malta Morocco Norway Oman Palestinian Nat'l Auth. Qatar Romania Russian Federation Saudi Arabia Scotland Serbia Singapore Slovenia Sweden Syrian Arab Republic Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United States

Benchmarking Participants Basque Country, Spain British Columbia, Canada Dubai, UAE Massachusetts, US Minnesota, US Ontario, Canada Quebec, Canada

Overall

Mean

387 (2.1) 499 (3.5) 496 (3.9) 398 (1.6) 456 (2.7) 364 (2.3) 464 (5.0) 598 (4.5) 380 (3.6) 465 (1.6) 504 (2.4) 391 (3.6) 340 (2.8) 513 (4.8) 410 (5.9) 309 (4.4) 572 (5.8) 517 (3.5) 397 (3.8) 403 (4.1) 463 (3.9) 480 (3.0) 570 (2.4) 427 (4.1) 597 (2.7) 354 (2.3) 449 (4.0) 506 (2.3) 474 (5.0) 488 (1.2) 381 (3.0) 469 (2.0) 372 (3.4) 367 (3.5) 307 (1.4) 461 (4.1) 512 (4.1) 329 (2.9) 487 (3.7) 486 (3.3) 593 (3.8) 501 (2.1) 491 (2.3) 395 (3.8) 441 (5.0) 420 (2.4) 432 (4.8) 462 (3.6) 508 (2.8)

Standard Deviation

59 (1.0) 85 (2.7) 79 (2.2) 84 (1.5) 78 (1.5) 77 (1.4) 102 (3.5) 106 (2.2) 79 (2.2) 89 (1.1) 74 (1.7) 100 (1.7) 73 (2.1) 84 (3.0) 96 (3.0) 92 (2.7) 94 (3.7) 85 (1.8) 87 (2.3) 86 (2.4) 99 (2.3) 76 (1.8) 85 (1.6) 102 (1.8) 92 (1.2) 79 (1.5) 75 (2.0) 80 (1.6) 79 (2.8) 92 (0.9) 80 (1.6) 66 (0.9) 95 (1.9) 102 (1.9) 93 (0.9) 100 (2.4) 83 (1.7) 76 (1.4) 80 (2.0) 89 (1.9) 93 (2.7) 72 (1.0) 70 (1.3) 82 (1.9) 92 (3.3) 67 (1.2) 109 (2.1) 89 (2.2) 77 (1.4)

499 (3.0) 509 (3.0) 461 (2.4) 547 (4.6) 532 (4.4) 517 (3.5) 528 (3.5)

69 (2.1) 72 (2.2) 96 (1.6) 79 (3.5) 68 (2.7) 70 (2.3) 68 (2.7)

Girls

Mean

384 (2.4) 501 (4.4) 488 (5.5) 414 (2.2) 456 (3.1) 371 (2.4) 471 (4.6) 599 (4.6) 364 (4.2) 476 (2.2) 505 (2.5) 397 (5.0) 331 (3.8) 511 (5.0) 412 (5.9) 297 (5.0) 578 (5.0) 517 (4.1) 399 (4.1) 407 (5.3) 465 (4.6) 477 (3.3) 568 (3.2) 438 (6.4) 595 (3.3) 364 (2.7) 443 (4.1) 509 (3.0) 479 (5.6) 488 (1.5) 377 (3.7) 471 (2.1) 399 (3.6) 385 (4.2) 325 (2.1) 470 (4.2) 514 (4.3) 341 (3.6) 486 (3.8) 489 (3.6) 600 (4.1) 500 (2.7) 493 (2.6) 387 (4.3) 453 (5.3) 410 (2.8) 432 (5.3) 465 (3.9) 507 (3.0)

Standard Deviation

60 (1.1) 85 (3.5) 75 (2.8) 73 (1.6) 77 (1.9) 74 (1.7) 97 (3.6) 98 (2.3) 74 (2.4) 84 (1.8) 73 (2.1) 98 (2.1) 73 (2.6) 82 (3.3) 92 (2.5) 91 (2.9) 87 (3.7) 83 (2.3) 88 (2.8) 83 (3.3) 95 (2.8) 75 (2.3) 85 (2.6) 96 (2.3) 89 (1.4) 71 (1.2) 74 (2.5) 78 (1.6) 77 (3.0) 88 (1.1) 80 (2.4) 63 (1.3) 83 (1.6) 98 (2.6) 85 (1.5) 95 (2.7) 80 (2.0) 71 (1.4) 78 (2.2) 87 (2.5) 88 (3.0) 69 (1.3) 68 (1.6) 80 (2.1) 87 (3.3) 67 (1.4) 107 (2.5) 85 (2.4) 75 (1.5)

496 (3.9) 507 (3.3) 461 (5.2) 544 (4.8) 531 (4.4) 513 (4.1) 527 (3.5)

65 (2.1) 70 (2.3) 90 (2.6) 79 (3.7) 66 (2.9) 67 (2.1) 66 (1.9)

Boys

Mean

389 (2.2) 497 (3.5) 504 (5.4) 382 (2.6) 455 (2.8) 355 (3.2) 456 (6.3) 598 (5.3) 396 (4.1) 455 (2.4) 503 (2.8) 384 (4.6) 351 (3.6) 516 (6.1) 408 (6.7) 319 (4.4) 567 (8.0) 517 (3.7) 395 (4.4) 400 (6.1) 462 (4.9) 483 (3.5) 572 (3.2) 417 (5.6) 599 (3.1) 342 (4.0) 456 (4.7) 502 (2.3) 468 (5.3) 488 (1.7) 385 (3.9) 467 (2.6) 344 (5.0) 349 (5.4) 288 (2.0) 452 (4.6) 509 (4.7) 319 (4.0) 489 (4.4) 483 (4.0) 586 (4.6) 503 (2.6) 490 (2.5) 403 (5.1) 430 (5.5) 431 (2.7) 432 (5.0) 459 (3.9) 510 (3.1)

Standard Deviation

59 (1.2) 85 (2.6) 82 (3.0) 90 (1.9) 79 (1.9) 79 (1.7) 106 (3.9) 112 (3.0) 81 (2.7) 94 (1.5) 74 (1.9) 102 (2.2) 71 (3.0) 85 (3.3) 100 (4.1) 91 (2.9) 99 (4.1) 86 (2.1) 87 (2.5) 89 (3.6) 103 (2.9) 78 (1.9) 86 (1.8) 107 (2.5) 95 (1.8) 85 (2.2) 75 (2.3) 81 (2.0) 81 (2.9) 96 (1.2) 80 (2.4) 68 (1.3) 98 (2.4) 103 (2.5) 98 (1.2) 103 (2.7) 86 (2.0) 80 (2.1) 81 (2.4) 92 (2.2) 97 (3.0) 74 (1.4) 72 (1.7) 84 (2.7) 94 (3.8) 64 (1.7) 110 (2.4) 94 (2.4) 78 (1.4)

501 (3.9) 512 (3.4) 461 (5.9) 550 (5.1) 535 (5.1) 522 (4.0) 529 (4.6)

72 (2.6) 74 (2.5) 101 (3.3) 79 (3.9) 70 (2.9) 73 (3.0) 70 (3.9)

( ) Standard errors appear in parentheses. Because results are rounded to the nearest whole number, some totals may appear inconsistent.

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