EOC Review_Evolution & Classification.docx



Name:____________________Date:_________Evolution & Classification EOC Review3.4.1Explain how fossil, biochemical, and anatomical evidence support the theory of evolution.1. What did Louis Pasteur contribute to our understanding of the origins of life?-761991600202. Explain Miller and Urey’s hypothesis.3. Why did Miller and Urey put those particular gases into their experiment? 4. What type of organic molecules did they find?5. What is the significance of their experiments?6. Most hypotheses state that prokaryotic anaerobes probably evolved first. Why?7. The hypotheses then suggest that prokaryotic autotrophs probably evolved? Why?8. What would enter the atmosphere as a result of these autotrophs appearing.9. Then prokaryotic aerobic heterotrophs could evolve. What can these cells do that others before them cannot?10. What is the hypothesis explaining how eukaryotic cells evolved?Describe what fossil evidence can tell us about organisms:11. Compare the two types of fossil dating:Relative dating:Absolute dating:12. How do the following pieces of evidence support the theory of evolution? What does it tell us about the organisms?Anatomical structures:Biochemical evidence:3.4.2Explain how natural selection influences the changes in species over time.13. Discuss the steps in Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.A) populations of organisms have many genetic variations. Where do these come from?B) organisms could reproduce exponentially but they don’t. Why not?C) Genetic variations lead to different adaptations. What are adaptations?D) Some adaptations have better survival value in certain environments. What does this mean?E) Those organisms with adaptations that better fit them to an environment will survive, reproduce and pass on their genes. What does it mean to be “fit” to an environment?F) The next population will have a high frequency of the genes that have been selected for. Why will the frequency of selected genes increase?G) When this process continues over millions of years, it can lead to speciation. What is speciation?3.4.3Explain how various disease agents (bacteria, viruses, chemicals) can influence natural selection. 14. Describe how a population of bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic (or an insect to a pesticide) using the steps listed above.3.5.1Explain the historical development and changing nature of the classification systems. 15. Explain how the organization of the kingdoms and domains have changed over time.16. What is the current accepted kingdom-domain system?17. What is the current seven-level classification system?18. What is binomial nomenclature?19. How are DNA and biochemical analysis, embryology, and morphology used to classify organisms?3.5.2Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationship (including dichotomous keys and phylogenetic trees)20. To the left is a phylogenetic tree of some organisms. According to this tree, which pairs of organisms are most closely related? -1142997556521. Which organism is most closely related to the rayfinned fish? 22. Which organisms are the mammals most closely related to?23. Use the following key to identify the tree branch to the left.1. a. leaf is needle-like….go to 2071120 b. leaf is broad……… go to 52. a. needles are short ....go to 3 b. needles are long…...go to 43. a. underside of needles green…Hemlock b. underside of needles silver ..Balsam 4. a. 3 needles in bundle….Pitch Pine b. 5 needles in bundle….White Pine5. a. edge of leaf round…go to 6 b. edge of leaf serrated…go to 76. a. minty odor…… Wintergreen b. no minty odor…..LaurelPRACTICE EOC QUESTIONSEVOLUTION:Which of the following statements is correct about organisms within a species?Organisms belonging to the same community are in the same anisms that can reproduce successfully with each other are in the same anisms that have the same adaptations are in the same anisms that compete for the same resources are in the same species.Which of the following types of isolation would have the greatest impact on speciation (the evolution of new species)?organisms behave differently thus they don’t reproducemechanically organisms can’t reproduceorganisms do mate but don’t have fertile offspringorganisms are separated by geography thus they cannot reproduceThe early Earth’s atmosphere was lackingcarbon dioxidewaterlightningoxygenWhich of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?whale leg bonesgills on a fishtail on a monkeybrain in a humanThe early Earth experiment done by Stanley Miller proved oxygen was present on the early Earththe first cells on Earth were photosyntheticlightning was the primary source of energy on the early Earthorganic molecules like amino acids can form naturallyOne piece of evidence for the theory of evolution is that some organisms use the same organic molecules like hemoglobin to carry oxygen in their blood. This piece of evidence suggests thatthese organisms belong to the same speciesthese organisms are not evolutionarily relatedthese organisms have homologous structuresthese organisms evolved from a common ancestorDuring the past decade, doctors have noted the appearance of several super bugs, which are bacteria that show multiple resistances to hand sanitizer. The development of these super bugs has been linked to the overuse of hand sanitizer. Which of the following is the best explanation for the increase in the appearance of these super bugs? Use of the hand sanitizer has repeatedly caused a random mutation that allows the bacteria to be resistant.Use of the hand sanitizer has repeatedly caused a random mutation that allows the bacteria less resistant.Use of the hand sanitizer has created an environment where only bacteria born with resistance to the hand sanitizer are able to survive and reproduce.Use of the hand sanitizer has destroyed all bacteria which has allowed for the appearance of the super bugs.Put these organisms in order based on their appearance on the early Earth.Eukaryotic CellsPhotosynthetic Prokaryotic CellsAnaerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic CellsAerobic Heterotrophic Prokaryotic CellsIII. II. IV. I.II. III. IV. I.IV. II. I. III.IV. II. III. I.A geologist finds fossils in each of the undisturbed rock layers. Which is the most likely conclusion that the geologist would make if he found similar fossil structures in layer A and layer C?965200317500The fossils are of the same age.The relative ages of the fossils cannot be determined.The fossils in rock layer C are older than those in layer A.The fossils in rock layer A are older than those in layer C. This diagram represents the bone structures of the front limbs of four different animals. Frog Whale Human BatThis is an example of what form of evolutionary evidence? a) Relative dating b) Vestigial structure c) Homologous anatomy d) BiochemistryCLASSIFICATIONThe diagram below shows the evolutionary relationships between several groups of organisms.Which organism is the most primitive (older, evolved first)?A b. Bc. C d. DUsing the cladogram below identify the trait that evolved allowing the shark and the ray-finned fish to become different species and thus in different taxonomic groups.eggs with shellsfour limbsvertebraebony skeletonAccording to the dichotomous key below, Bird A is correctly identified asA Key To Identifying Birds1a1bToes webbed……………………go to 2Toes not webbed…….………….go to 32a2bFour toes webbed together……...CormorantThree toes webbed together…….Duck3a3bClaws curved…………………...go to 4Claws not curved…………….....Jacana4a4bClaws large……………………..EagleClaws small……….….….….….KingfisherCormorantEagleJacanaKingfisherWhich group of three components are found in prokaryotic cells?Ribosomes, nucleus, cell wallRibosomes, DNA, cell wallChloroplast, DNA, vacuoleChloroplasts, nucleus, vacuole The organism Ursus maritimus is a member of which genus?UrsusC. AnimaliaMaritimusD. MammaliaWhich two organisms in the chart below have chromosomes that are most similar in genetic composition?Organism AOrganism BOrganism COrganism DPhylumTrachaeophytaChordataChordataChordataClassAngiospermaeMammaliaMammaliaMammaliaGenusTaxacarumCanisCanisHomoSpeciesofficinalefamiliarislupussapiensA and BB and CC and DA and D ................
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