Instructor Materials
Instructor Materials
1. Computer.
Student Materials
1. Computer.
2. This lesson as a handout if requested
Lesson References
1. NEI 03-4 Rev 8
2. NANTeL “Generic Plant Access Training” lesson plan.
Remarks
1. This lesson is designed for web-based training.
2. The information in this lesson will be evaluated by the use of a Web Based or Written Test (80% passing score)
3. Revision bars not used as this lesson has been completely rewritten.
4. The objectives are sequenced in the same order as NEI 03-04 recommended objectives
5. Completed reviews of the individual sections are denoted on page two.
Content Reviews
|Introduction |The material meets the Nuclear Energy Institute’s generic objectives for training of all plant workers according |
| |to NEI 03-04 Revision 8, “Guideline for Plant Access Training.” Diablo Canyon supplements this generic training |
| |with additional site-specific training as required by NEI 03-04. |
|Examination |ALL exams (written or on CBT) are multiple-choice tests based on questions developed from all initial lesson |
| |objectives and these current issues. |
| | |
| |ALL Contractors & Vendors employees taking this exam MUST be proctored. Permanent PG&E employees taking this exam |
| |DO NOT have to be proctored. Only qualified personnel can proctor students during examinations. |
| | |
| |If you fail the exam, your access to the protected area will be suspended. You MUST receive additional training |
| |and score >80% on another exam. |
|Reviews of Content |Security |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |Jim Miller |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Emergency Planning |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |Andy Warwick |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Industrial Safety |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |John Beymer |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Environmental Services |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |Tom Esser |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| |Radiation Protection |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |Tim Irving |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Quality Verification (QV) |
| | |
| |Reviewed By: |
| |Dan Stermer |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Fire Safety |
| | |
| |Approved By: |
| |Dave Hampshire |
| |Date: |
| | |
| | |
Introduction
|Lesson introduction |This lesson is the introductory lesson for people seeking access to Diablo Canyon Power Plant. In this lesson we |
| |will introduce you to the general organization of plant staff, major rules and procedures governing how we work |
| |together, and a brief overview of how a nuclear power plant works. |
| | |
| |Upon completion, students should be able to state the function of major power plant sections, comply with company |
| |policies and procedures, and be familiar how the plant basically operates. |
| | |
| |The effectiveness measure is 80% score or higher on an exam. |
Objectives
|Terminal objective |There are no terminal objectives for this lesson. |
|Enabling objectives |The following objectives apply to the lesson. |
| |Number |
| |Objective Text |
| | |
| |Making Nuclear Power |
| | |
| |1.1 |
| |Describe the basic process used to produce electricity at a nuclear facility. |
| | |
| | |
| |Introduction To Radiation Protection |
| | |
| |2.1 |
| |Define fission, radioactive material, radiation, contamination, and dose and state the difference between |
| |radioactive material, radiation and contamination. |
| | |
| |2.2 |
| |Define the term “background” radiation |
| | |
| |2.3 |
| |Contrast the average amount of radiation dose received by radiation workers and members of the general public. |
| | |
| |2.4 |
| |Identify potential long-term effects from being exposed to low levels of radiation. |
| | |
| |2.5 |
| |Contrast the risk of working in a nuclear facility to the risk in other industries. |
| | |
| | |
| |Accessing The Plant |
| | |
| |3.1 |
| |State the purpose and function of the Security department. |
| | |
| |3.2 |
| |State individual responsibilities regarding complying with security rules. |
| | |
| |3.3 |
| |Identify areas of the station that are controlled by security including the owner controlled, area, protected |
| |area, and vital areas. |
| | |
| |3.4 |
| |State when Security personnel may perform physical searches. |
| | |
| |3.5 |
| |State where and when security photo identification badges will be worn and the actions to be taken if lost. |
| | |
| |3.6 |
| |Describe escorting responsibilities |
| | |
| |3.7 |
| |State the action(s) to be taken upon discovery of an unescorted visitor or an individual without a security photo |
| |identification badge |
| | |
| |3.8 |
| |Define Tailgating and explain why it is not allowed. |
| | |
| |3.9 |
| |State the purpose of the exit portal contamination monitor. |
| | |
| | |
| |Working On Site |
| | |
| |4.1 |
| |State the function of each major plant section |
| | |
| |4.2 |
| |State individual responsibilities regarding the following policies: |
| |Operating Plant Equipment |
| |Working on plant equipment without authorization |
| |Reporting problems for resolution, and |
| |Complying with radiation protection rules |
| | |
| |4.3 |
| |Describe the nuclear safety culture |
| | |
| |4.4 |
| |State company policy regarding, procedural compliance, and the use of controlled documents. |
| | |
| |4.5 |
| |State individual responsibilities regarding station cleanliness and housekeeping |
| | |
| |4.6 |
| |Identify the steps involved with “self-checking”, and state when self-checking is required. |
| | |
| |4.7 |
| |Discuss individual industrial safety responsibilities regarding reporting problems, unsafe working conditions or |
| |industrial safety near-misses. |
| | |
| |4.8 |
| |Regarding Quality Assurance: |
| |State the function of the Nuclear Quality Verification program |
| |Identify individual responsibilities regarding QV |
| |State the authority of QV personnel, and |
| |State the purpose of audits and surveillances |
| | |
| |4.9 |
| |Regarding Quality Control: |
| |State the function of the Nuclear Quality Control program |
| |Identify individual responsibilities regarding QC |
| |State the authority of QC personnel, and |
| |State the company policy on harassment of QV/QC personnel. |
| | |
| |4.10 |
| |State individual roles and responsibilities regarding the reporting of potential problems including potential |
| |items of non-compliance. |
| | |
| |4.11 |
| |Explain the purpose of the Employee Concerns Program. |
| | |
| |4.12 |
| |Explain how to report nuclear safety concerns to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. |
| | |
| |4.13 |
| |State the purposes of the emergency plan and the need for accountability during an emergency. |
| | |
| |4.14 |
| |State the Classifications of station emergencies |
| | |
| |4.15 |
| |State the policy concerning the release of information to the public and news media regarding an emergency. |
| | |
| |4.16 |
| |State the purpose of personal dosimetry |
| | |
| |4.17 |
| |State the colors and symbols used on radiological postings and the methods used to identify radiological areas. |
| | |
| |4.18 |
| |State the actions to be taken if a radiological area or radioactive material is encountered. |
| | |
| |4.19 |
| |Explain: |
| |The consequences of willful misconduct |
| |How to report conditions of vandalism or tampering |
| | |
| |4.20 |
| |Identify the policy for control and handling of Safeguards information. |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |Managing Industrial Safety |
| | |
| |5.1 |
| |Discuss adherence to safety instructions |
| | |
| |5.2 |
| |Discuss individual responsibilities of safety postings, barriers, tags and signs |
| | |
| |5.3 |
| |Administration of First Aid (if qualified) |
| | |
| |5.4 |
| |Discuss the use of personal protective equipment |
| | |
| |5.5 |
| |Discuss the use of plant safety equipment |
| | |
| |5.6 |
| |Recognize potential health hazards and methods for reducing the risks involved with the following: |
| |Use of Asbestos on some plant components |
| |Electrical equipment |
| |Steam leaks |
| |Confine Spaces |
| |Trip, slip and fall hazards |
| |Heat Stress |
| |Compressed gases |
| |Moving/rotating equipment |
| |High noise areas |
| |Falling hazards |
| |Eye hazards |
| |Hazardous chemicals |
| | |
| |5.7 |
| |State where information may be obtained explaining the risk, hazards and handling associated with a chemical or |
| |toxic substance. |
| | |
| |5.8 |
| |State employees’ responsibility regarding fire barriers |
| | |
| |5.9 |
| |State actions an individual is required to take upon discovery of a fire |
| | |
| |5.10 |
| |Discuss fire prevention measures including fire loading, handling of flammable material and hot work. |
| | |
| |5.11 |
| |State examples of types of hot work requiring a permit |
| | |
Making Nuclear Power
|Objective 1 |Describe the basic process used to produce electricity at a nuclear facility. |
|Introduction |To understand this process, we need to look at how nuclear energy is converted to electricity. |
|Need to Know |Diablo Canyon consists of two separate nuclear power generating units. They are simply called unit 1 and unit 2. |
| |Both units are pressurized water reactors. The purpose of a pressurized water reactor (nuclear reactor) is to |
| |produce heat. This heat is converted into electricity which is sold to PG&E customers. |
| | |
| |Energy is produced from the nuclear fission process that takes place in the reactor. When a uranium atom |
| |undergoes fission (splits into two atoms), energy is released in the form of heat. The heat is used to boil water|
| |and produce steam. This steam is used to turn a turbine just like in a coal, gas, or oil power plant. The |
| |turbine is connected to the generator which produces the electricity PG&E supplies to customers. |
|Drawing: PWR |The drawing below shows a pressurized water reactor like Diablo Canyon. |
| |[pic] |
|Nice to Know |Sea water cooling is used to condense turbine exhaust steam forming condensate. The condensate is then returned |
| |to the steam generator to redo the cycle. |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION PROTECTION
|Lesson Introduction |Nuclear power creates electricity from nuclear fission. In this section, you will learn where radiation comes from|
| |and how it is measured. You will also learn about the health effects of radiation and why it must be carefully |
| |controlled. |
|Objective 2.1 |Define fission, radioactive material, radiation, contamination, and dose and state the difference between |
| |radioactive material, radiation and contamination. |
|Nuclear Fission |A nuclear power plant produces electricity from the heat that nuclear fission creates. During fission, a neutron |
| |is absorbed by a uranium atom to make it split (fission). Neutrons are small particles inside the nucleus of an |
| |atom. |
| |When the atom splits (fissions), it releases energy (heat) along with other neutrons. These neutrons are absorbed |
| |by other uranium atoms, creating a chain reaction that continues the fission process. |
|Releasing Radiation |When an atom splits (fissions) it creates unique materials and conditions that must be carefully managed. |
| | |
| |Some energy that is released when an atom splits is called radiation. The process of releasing radiation is called|
| |radioactive decay. This can occur in naturally occurring atoms such as radium or radon or in the controlled |
| |setting of a nuclear reactor, as you just learned. Anything that contains decaying atoms and releases radiation is|
| |called radioactive material |
| |[pic] |
Continued on next page
Introduction to Radiation Protection, Continued
|Measuring Radiation |Radiation is measured by the amount of energy released from radioactive material. |
| |When the body or any specific organ is exposed to radiation, the amount of radiation received is called dose. This|
| |is measured in units called rem or millirem (1/1000 rem). |
|Contamination |In a power plant, radioactive material needs to be carefully controlled. Contamination occurs when radioactive |
| |material gets outside the place it is intended to be. When this happens, the radiation it releases is no longer |
| |controlled. This can result in dose that is not tracked, which can be a health hazard. |
| |Remember that contamination is radioactive material; radiation is the energy that the material releases." |
|In Common Terms |Remember when you had your last cookout or barbecue? |
| | |
| |The radiation that cooked your food on the grill was in the form of heat given off from the charcoal. You could |
| |feel the heat; in fact you probably used your sense of touch to see if the grill was ready. |
| | |
| |Let's suppose that one of the kids hits the charcoal grill with a ball, and spills charcoal everywhere. Now there|
| |is charcoal all over the ground where it's not supposed to be. The ground is now contaminated with charcoal. |
| | |
| |Your food cooks on the barbecue, because of the amount of heat energy absorbed by the food. That is the dose. |
|Relating the Terms |Radioactive material and contamination both give off radiation. The difference between radioactive material and |
| |contamination is that contamination is radioactive material in an undesirable place. |
| | |
| |The difference between radiation and radioactive material (or contamination) is that radiation is the energy given|
| |off from radioactive material or contamination. |
|Practice / Feedback |The term that defines the amount of radiation absorbed in the body is called: |
| |A. Contamination |
| |B. Radioactive materials |
| |C. Dirt |
| |D. Dose (Answer) |
Introduction to Radiation Protection, Continued
|Objective 2.2 |Define “background”. |
|Background Radiation Dose|Background radiation is radiation everyone receives from natural and man-made sources. Natural sources, such as |
| |the sun and some types of rocks, and man-made sources such as medical treatments and x rays, contribute much more |
| |dose than occupational dose. |
| | |
| |According to the National Council on Radiation Protection, background sources of radiation account for an average |
| |annual dose of 620 millirem to people living in the U.S. |
|Practice / Feedback |The radiation that comes from natural sources around us is called |
| |A. Backscatter |
| |B. Backblast |
| |C. Background (Answer) |
| |D. Blackbody |
|Objective 2.3 |Contrast the average amount of radiation dose received by radiation workers and members of the general public. |
|Occupational Radiation |As a radiation worker, you will receive “occupational dose” from radiation on the job. This dose will be much less|
|Dose |than what you receive from background radiation. According to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the average|
| |occupational dose received by a radiation worker at a nuclear power plant in the U.S. is 180 mrem (less than one |
| |third the amount of dose received from background radiation). Background dose 620 mrem plus Radiation Worker |
| |Occupational Dose 180 mrem equals 800 mrem. |
| | |
| |Radiation workers will receive special equipment to monitor their dose. Many workers at a nuclear plant are not |
| |considered radiation workers. Federal law limits their occupational dose to the same as members of the general |
| |public, which is 100 mrem per year. |
| | |
Continued on next page
Introduction to Radiation Protection, Continued
|Objective 2.4 |Identify potential long-term effects from being exposed to low levels of radiation. |
|Radiation Effects |Research shows that exposure to certain levels of radiation increases the risk of contracting cancer and other |
| |illnesses. To be safe, we assume that long-term exposure to even low levels of radiation will slightly increase |
| |health risks. |
| | |
| |This is why radiation dose is kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) in the plant. |
|Heath Risks |The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) calculates that 1000 mrem of occupational dose per year (which is |
| |more than three times the average amount received by radiation workers) increases the risk of contracting fatal |
| |cancer by .04 percent. |
| | |
| |For example, if a group of 10,000 people could normally expect to develop 2500 cases of fatal cancer, exposing |
| |each person to 1000 mrem of occupational dose each year would increase that number to 2504 |
|Age Sensitivity |In general, younger people are more sensitive to the effects of radiation. Their cells are developing more |
| |rapidly, and radiation disrupts that process. Therefore, unborn children are at the greatest risk because they are|
| |most sensitive to the effects of radiation. If you desire further information concerning pre-natal exposure, |
| |please contact the RP Manager. |
|Practice / Feedback3 |In General,_______________to the effects of radiation. |
| | |
| |a) Older people are more sensitive |
| |b) Younger people are more sensitive (Answer) |
| |c) Men are more sensitive |
| |d) Women are more sensitive |
Continued on next page
Introduction to Radiation Protection, Continued
|Objective 2.5 |Contrast the risk of working in a nuclear facility to the risk in other industries. |
The delayed effects from radiation exposure, such as contracting cancer, are not a certainty. These increased risks are described by how much they reduce life expectancy for the average person. The chart identifies the average number of days lost based on the various health risks in each category.
|Comparison of Health |Estimated Loss of Life Expectancy |
|Risks |Due to Various Causes |
| |Source: Adapted from Cohen, B. and Lee, I. “A Catalog of Risks.” Health Physics, 36, June, 1979, 707–722 |
| |Cause |
| |Days |
| |Cause |
| |Days |
| | |
| |Cigarette smoking (male) |
| |2250 |
| |Job with radiation exposure |
| |40 |
| | |
| |Heart disease |
| |2100 |
| |Falls |
| |39 |
| | |
| |Being 30% overweight |
| |1300 |
| |Accidents to Pedestrians |
| |37 |
| | |
| |Being a coal miner |
| |1100 |
| |Safest job (accidents) |
| |30 |
| | |
| |Being 20% Overweight |
| |900 |
| |Fire (burns) |
| |27 |
| | |
| |Average job (accidents) |
| | 74 |
| |Generation of energy |
| |24 |
| | |
|Practice / Feedback 2 |The average number of days of life lost to occupational exposure is? |
| | |
| |a) 2250 |
| |b) 40(Answer) |
| |c) 24 |
| |d) 900 |
| | |
| |ANS: b |
Accessing the Plant
|Objective 3.1 |State the purpose and function of the Security department. |
|Security |When you approach the plant, the first group you will encounter is Security. Security officers protect the plant |
| |and its workers, and protect against nuclear sabotage. Their responsibilities include the following: |
| |Control Protected and Vital Area access |
| |Issue access badges |
| |Control security doors within the plant |
|Examples |Examples of Security roles include: |
| |Protecting plant personnel from physical harm should a terrorist attack occur, or if an employee becomes violent. |
| |Preventing radiological sabotage by intruders (or employees) that would endanger the employees, plant or the |
| |public. |
| |Even though we do not have weapons grade material on site, i.e. bomb material, we are required to prevent the |
| |theft of nuclear material to protect the safety of the public. |
|Practice / Feedback |Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 purposes of the DCPP security program? |
| |a.) Protect plant personnel |
| |b.) Prevent sabotage |
| |c.) Identifiy drug & alcohol abusers (Answer) |
| |d.) Guard against theft of nuclear material |
|Objective 3.2 |State individual responsibilities regarding complying with security rules. |
|Individual |Everyone on site shall follow all written and verbal Security guidance. |
|Responsibilities | |
Continued on next page
Accessing the Plant, Continued
|Objective 3.3 |Identify areas of the station that are controlled by security including the owner controlled, area, protected |
| |area, and vital areas. |
|Security Areas |Each security area at DCPP requires a specific security clearance or access level for entry. There are three types|
| |of security areas at DCPP. |
| | |
| |Owner Controlled: Per Security commitments, the Owner Controlled Area is defined as the roads within the “site |
| |boundary” as described in the Updated FSAR. The owner controlled area can be thought of as all the PG&E property |
| |around the plant, starting at the Avila Beach gate. |
| |Protected Area: There are three separate Protected Areas (PA). The main plant PA includes the two containments, |
| |the auxiliary, fuel handling, and turbine buildings, the administration building, security building and warehouse |
| |up on the hill. Another PA encompasses the lower elevations of the intake structure down by the ocean, where the |
| |plant’s seawater pumps are located. The third is the dry cask storage area. A keycard, which signifies the |
| |proper clearance, is required for entry into a PA. |
| |Vital Areas: Specific areas located within the PA that contain equipment and systems which are important to the |
| |safe operation or shutdown of the plant. The proper access level on the keycard is required for entry. |
|Map |The map below represents the Owner Controlled (shaded green), the Protected Areas (shaded yellow), and the Vital |
| |Areas (shaded red). |
|[pic] |
Continued on next page
Accessing the Plant, Continued
|Entering the Protected |Entering a nuclear plant is similar to going through airport security. When entering the Protected Area (PA) you |
|Area |will process through metal detectors and explosive detectors. Details will be provided in the Site Specific |
| |lesson. |
| | |
| |Hand carried items such as lunch boxes, back packs, purses, and brief cases/laptops must be examined using an |
| |X-ray machine or hand searched by a Security Officer. Most stations also have a hand reader or badge reader that |
| |identifies you before entering the PA. |
| | |
| |Be careful of your conversation during this process. Jokes and comments about bombs or dangerous behaviors are |
| |taken very seriously. |
|Practice / Feedback |What is the access road part of? |
| |A. The vital area |
| |B. The protected area |
| |C. The guarded area |
| |D. The owner controlled area (Answer) |
|Objectives 3.4 |State when Security personnel may perform physical searches. |
|Searches |All vehicles are subject to being searched when they first enter the Owner Controlled Area. They may be searched |
| |again at any time while on company property. |
| | |
| |Everyone who enters the PA is subject to being searched along with anything they are carrying at any time while on|
| |site. |
| | |
| |All searches are by implied or expressed consent. You give consent (permission) to be searched by two means: |
| |Implied – just by being on DCPP property |
| |Expressed – required that you say "yes" that you consent to be searched |
Continued on next page
Accessing the Plant, Continued
|Objective 3.5 |State where and when security photo identification badges will be worn and the actions to be taken if lost. |
|Badges |Anytime you are in the PA you must wear your security photo ID badge. Wear it on the outer clothing of the upper |
| |front portion of your body. The picture must face out. Remember that if you take off your outer clothing, you must|
| |transfer the badge. |
| | |
| |Control of your badge is essential. No one is allowed in the PA without a badge, and no one else may use your |
| |badge. If you lose it, check the immediate area first. If you cannot find it, notify Security immediately and wait|
| |for an officer to arrive. If you find a lost badge, notify Security immediately. |
|Objective 3.6 |Describe escorting responsibilities |
|Escorting Visitors |All visitors must be escorted while in the protected and vital areas. Escorts must be authorized badged employees |
| |with unescorted access to the areas they will enter. |
| |Escorting visitors is an important function that involves serious responsibilities: |
| |Make sure visitors properly wear a visitor badge. |
| |Maintain visual control of visitors at all times. They may enter a restroom or locker room unescorted if there is |
| |only one entry/exit that the escort watches continuously. |
| |Make sure visitors are authorized by Radiation Protection management before entering radiologically controlled |
| |areas. |
| |Ensure visitors follow all plant policies and procedures. |
| |Return visitors to the security access point when a visit is over. Do not leave until you are certain that the |
| |visitors have either left the PA or they are being escorted by other authorized personnel. |
| |Details will be provided in the Site Specific lesson |
Continued on next page
Accessing the Plant, Continued
|Objective 3.7 |State the action(s) to be taken upon discovery of an unescorted visitor or an individual without a security photo |
| |identification badge |
|Discovery |Escort duties can be transferred to another qualified escort, who then becomes responsible for the visitor. |
|Responsibilities | |
| |If another escort cannot be found, escort your visitor back to the security access point. Improper escort of |
| |visitors can result in disciplinary action. |
| | |
| |If you find an unescorted visitor or an individual without a security badge, report it to Security immediately. |
| | |
| |If the individual refuses to follow instructions, contact Security. Do not attempt to physically force the visitor|
| |to comply with instructions. |
|Objective 3.8 |Define Tailgating and explain why it is not allowed. |
|Tailgating |Entering PAs or VAs at DCPP without authorization is not only against NRC regulations and company policy, but it |
| |is also an unsafe practice. |
| | |
| |Following a worker through a security door without using the card reader is called tailgating. This is prohibited.|
| |Tailgating bypasses security controls and prevents accurate accounting of personnel during an emergency |
| | |
| |If you observe personnel entering a keycard controlled door improperly, please assist them in the correct process |
| |or report it to security. |
|Practice / Feedback |What is meant by tailgating with regards to Security procedures? |
| |A. Discussing the job details on the tailgate of your work truck. |
| |B. Riding too close to the bumper of the car in front of you. |
| |C. Always being the last one through a security door. |
| |D. Going through a security door without using the card reader (Answer) |
Continued on next page
Accessing the Plant, Continued
|Objective 3.9 |State the purpose of the exit portal contamination monitor. |
|Exit Portal Monitor |The exit portal contamination monitor checks all employees for radioactive contamination as they leave the PA. If |
| |the monitor alarms, stay in the area and notify the appropriate personnel based on your station’s procedure. |
| | |
| |Nuclear medical treatments such as thyroid tracers (iodine) or barium tracers can cause the portal monitor to |
| |alarm. If you have had this type of treatment, notify the appropriate personnel before you enter the PA. |
WORKING ON SITE
|Objective 4.1 |State the function of each major plant section |
|Introduction |Knowing the function of each work section will enhance communication and expedite work that crosses section lines.|
| | |
| |Nuclear Power Generation (NPG) has many varied organizations to maintain Diablo Canyon as a superior performing |
| |nuclear power plant. In this lesson we will only discuss the organizations that will be encountered by the |
| |general employee. |
|Operations |The function of the Operations Section is to operate the plant by: |
| |Controlling reactor power. |
| |Staffing the control room. |
| |Controlling pumps, valves, and other equipment away from the control room. |
| |Placing clearance tags on equipment. |
| |Approving plant maintenance work. |
|Maintenance. |The Maintenance Section performs preventative maintenance, repairs, and performs upgrades to: |
| |Motors. |
| |Pumps. |
| |Valves. |
| |Plant instruments. |
| |Security equipment. |
|Radiation Protection |The Radiation Protection Section assists the plant workers in minimizing radiological exposure and the spread of |
| |radioactive contamination. They perform activities such as: |
| |Escorting personnel into high-radiation areas. |
| |Measuring plant radiation levels throughout the plant. |
| |Controlling the access to the RCA |
| |Controlling work in radiation, high radiation, and contaminated areas. |
| |Preparing Radiation Work Permits. |
Continued on next page
Working On Site, Continued
|Learning Services |The Learning Services Section develops training material for all plant personnel. They present the training |
| |courses and maintain training records. |
|Quality Verification |Our Nuclear Quality Verification Section ensures the quality level of the plant is as high as possible. They |
| |perform activities such as monitoring work to ensure it is done correctly and performing reviews to ensure |
| |programs comply with plant procedures and state and federal requirements. |
|Emergency Planning |The Emergency Planning Section prepares plans to deal with any emergency that occurs on site and conducts drills |
| |to ensure the plans are adequate and plant personnel are prepared to respond to a plant emergency. The purpose of|
| |the EP section is to protect the health and safety of the general public. |
|Safety |The Industrial/Safety Services Section provides oversight of the industrial safety program. They may become |
| |involved with activities such as: |
| |Checking air quality. |
| |Evaluating industrial accidents. |
| |Evaluating heat stress concerns. |
| |They ensure compliance with all federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (FED-OSHA) and California |
| |Occupational Safety and Health Administration (CAL-OSHA) regulations. |
|Practice / Feedback 1 |Match the term with the description |
| |
| |
|Section |
| |
|Description |
| |
|1 |
|Operations |
|a |
|Repair plant equipment such as motors, pumps, valves and etc. |
| |
|2 |
|Maintenance |
|b |
|Assist in minimizing radiation exposure and control of contamination. |
| |
|3 |
|Radiation Protection |
|c |
|Operate plant equipment, place protective tags, and approve plant work. |
| |
| |
|ANS: 1 c, 2 a, 3 b |
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|Practice / Feedback 2 |Match the term with the description |
| |Section | |Description |
|1 |Safety Group |a |Creates Plans and trains personnel to protect plant |
| | | |workers and the public in emergencies |
|2 |Security |b |Monitors plant programs to ensure they are being done |
| | | |properly |
|3 |QA/QC |c |Protect plant from sabotage & control access to |
| | | |Protected Area |
|4 |Emergency Planning |d |Responsible for overall safety programs at plant |
ANS: 1 d, 2 c, 3 b, 4 a
|Objective 4.2 |State individual responsibilities regarding the following policies: |
| |Operating Plant Equipment |
| |Working on plant equipment without authorization |
| |Reporting problems for resolution, and |
| |Complying with radiation protection rules |
|Operating Plant Equipment|You should only operate plant equipment if you are qualified and authorized by the control room personnel or by |
| |procedure. |
|Working on Plant Equip |Only qualified, authorized personnel may work on plant equipment. All work on plant equipment must be approved |
| |before starting. If you are unsure of your qualifications, check with your supervisor. |
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|Reporting Problems for |Each employee can recognize problems in their own area of expertise. Our expectation is that each employee will |
|Resolution |promptly identify problems to supervision and document those problems within the corrective action program prior |
| |to the end of their shift. |
| | |
| |The individual identifying the issue should: |
| |Ensure the appropriate immediate action to place the plant or process in a safe condition has been initiated. |
| |Evaluate the situation for additional immediate actions. |
| |Notify the Shift Foreman, work control Shift Foreman, or Shift Manager for problems involving plant equipment or |
| |potential operability, reportability, or personnel safety concerns. |
| |Notify the group supervisor about the issue to determine what additional actions may be necessary. |
| |If a notification does not already exist, create a notification prior to the end of shift. If you do not have |
| |network access your supervisor will generate the notification. |
|Radiation Protection |You are expected to follow all RP instructions (written and verbal). |
|Objective 4.3 |Describe the nuclear safety culture. |
|Nuclear Safety Culture |Every nuclear plant worker has a responsibility to protect the reactor core and safety systems at all times. This |
| |means you must demonstrate key principles of a healthy nuclear safety culture: |
| |Take personal responsibility for nuclear safety in everything you do. |
| |Consider safety first when making every decision. |
| |Bring a questioning attitude to your work. If something doesn't feel right, stop and ask for help. |
| |A successful nuclear worker respects the technology and protects the safety systems. The integrity of the reactor |
| |- and ultimately the health and safety of the public - depends on you. |
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|Objective 4.4 |State company policy regarding procedural compliance, and the use of controlled documents. |
|Following Procedures |Station procedures and other controlled documents ensure that work is performed consistently, in a quality manner,|
| |and in a logical sequence. |
| |When a job calls for a procedure, be sure to use the latest approved version. It’s always a good idea to review |
| |the procedure first and verify that all your tools and parts are available. |
| |Procedures must be followed exactly as written. If you believe you can’t follow the procedure as written for any |
| |reason, stop the job, put it in a safe condition, and contact your supervisor to resolve the problem. |
|Approved Documents |Approved documents include procedures, maintenance work packages, plant modification packages, radiation work |
| |permits, and others. All work at the plant is to be performed in accordance with the most current, and approved |
| |work document. |
| | |
| |If, for any reason, you have questions about how to proceed with your task as it relates to the approved document:|
| |Stop the work and place the job in a safe condition. |
| |Contact your supervisor and resolve the problem. |
| | |
| |Through review of the approved document, tailboards, walk-downs and other pre-job and on-the-job instructions, |
| |personnel are to be comfortable with the procedure before starting work and are expected to request assistance |
| |when problems are identified. |
| | |
| |Only the latest, approved revision of the document (procedure, drawing, manual, etc.) is to be used to perform the|
| |work. |
|Practice / Feedback |You are about to perform work on a breaker in the plant. You find a copy of a procedure for this task sitting by |
| |the breaker. It is OK to use it because the procedure is for the task. TRUE or FALSE? |
| |ANS: FALSE, you must first ensure the procedure is current. |
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|Objective 4.5 |State individual responsibilities regarding station cleanliness and housekeeping |
|Housekeeping |You are expected to keep your workspace as neat as possible while you work and to clean up when the work is done. |
| |The goal is to leave the area cleaner than you found it. If you discover a housekeeping problem that you can’t |
| |resolve, contact your supervisor. |
|Objective 4.6 |Identify the steps involved with “self-checking”, and state when self-checking is required. |
|Self-Checking |Self-checking is a process that is used anytime a task is about to be performed. It ensures the correct action is|
| |being taken. |
| | |
| |STEPS INVOLVED WITH SELF-CHECKING |
| |The simplest method most often used in the nuclear industry is S-T-A-R. |
| |Stop. Pause and think before beginning. |
| |Think. Think about what you are supposed to do and what result you expect |
| |Act. Perform the action carefully. |
| |Review. Observe and verify the response was correct. |
|Objective 4.7 |Discuss individual industrial safety responsibilities regarding reporting problems, unsafe working conditions or |
| |industrial safety near-misses. |
|Reporting Safety Issues |During your day-to-day activities, you might find something that could be a safety problem. This can include the |
| |following: |
| |a wrong part on a safety system |
| |a valve out of position |
| |someone using an outdated procedure |
| |a fire or security barrier left out of position |
| |unsafe conditions like missing handrails or defective ladders |
| |a “near-miss” or “near hit” event where only luck prevented injury or equipment damage |
| |Use the station procedure to report all potential problems so they can be reviewed and corrected. This usually |
| |begins with telling your supervisor. |
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| | |
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|Objective 4.8 and 4.9 |Regarding Quality Program: |
| |State the function of the Quality Verification (QV) And Quality Control (QC) programs |
| |Identify individual responsibilities regarding QV & QC |
| |State the authority of QV and QC personnel, and |
| |State the purpose of audits and surveillances |
|Introduction |The Quality Program ensures that the plant is meeting federal regulations and completing work according to |
| |documented instructions, procedures, and drawings. |
| | |
| |The program has two components: Quality Verification (QV) and Quality Control (QC). Each has a different function.|
|Quality Verification |Quality Verification provides confidence that equipment and structures will work properly in service. QV personnel|
| |do not supervise work; they provide an independent check of completed work. They conduct periodic audits and |
| |surveillances, including the following: |
| |review of documentation and records |
| |inspection of job sites |
| |observation of activities |
|Quality Control |Quality Control personnel conduct inspections and tests to verify that certain characteristics have been met. They|
| |also check compliance with documented instructions, procedures, and drawings. |
| | |
| |A QC inspector may observe an entire job, review the documentation, or witness specific steps in the job. |
| |Inspection activities may include examining materials, taking measurements, testing products, and observing work. |
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|Worker Responsibilities |All workers should take pride in their craftsmanship. Accept nothing less than high-quality work. Strive to do |
| |every job right the first time. |
| |The station's Quality Program reinforces and supports this goal. It spot checks plant activities to ensure they |
| |follow procedures and meet certain standards. The program does this in several ways: |
| |monitoring plant activities |
| |reviewing programs |
| |inspecting safety-related parts and supplies |
| | |
| |Each individual is responsible for performing every job in a quality manner and doing every job right the first |
| |time. |
|QV/QC Personnel Authority|The Quality Program at DCPP is required by federal law. Therefore, any threat, assault, or interference with QV |
| |auditors or QC inspectors while performing their jobs is a federal offense punishable by a fine and/or |
| |imprisonment. |
| | |
| |Harassment, intimidation, retaliation, or discrimination of Quality personnel during the performance of their |
| |duties will not be tolerated by PG&E and may result in termination of employment. |
| | |
| |QV and QC personnel have the authority to stop jobs in progress when quality concerns warrant further |
| |investigation. |
|QV Audits and |The purpose of QV audits, assessments, process monitoring, and inspections is to verify and document the level of |
|Surveillances |quality. |
| | |
| |Audits, assessments, and inspections all mean observing activities, equipment, or reviewing documentation to |
| |verify conformance with the accepted standards. |
|QC Hold Points |When performing work, your work documentation might call for a QC hold point. Either of these requires you to |
| |contact QC personnel so they can observe the step. Call Quality Control ahead of time to avoid waiting for an |
| |inspector. |
| |Willful violation of a QC hold or witness point is subject to discipline up to termination. |
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|Objective 4.10 |State individual roles and responsibilities regarding the reporting of potential problems including potential |
| |items of non-compliance. |
|Reporting Problems |Most problems can be resolved through processes such as condition reports or notification action request. Check |
| |with your supervisor to determine the best course to take for reporting problems for resolution. |
| | |
| |If normal means of addressing problems do not resolve the issue, you have the right to pursue it further |
|Objective 4.11 |Explain the purpose of the Employee Concerns Program. |
|Employee Concerns Program|Every station has its own Employee Concerns Program. Workers may confidentially or anonymously raise issues that |
| |might affect any of the following: |
| |health and safety of site personnel or the general public |
| |nuclear safety |
| |quality |
| |plant performance |
| |Plant management wants and expects an environment in which workers feel free to raise concerns. |
|Objective 4.12 |Explain how to report nuclear safety concerns to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. |
|Reporting Problems to the|You may contact the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and request an inspection if you believe a regulation has been |
|NRC |violated or if you know about unsafe radiological conditions or practices. Federal law protects workers from |
| |retaliation by the company when they file an inspection request. |
| |You will be notified in writing if the NRC rejects your request because it finds no reasonable grounds to pursue |
| |the issue. |
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|NRC Form 3 |NRC Form 3 is a notice to employees describing their rights and responsibilities at nuclear plants. Copies are |
| |posted throughout the site. The form shows a map of the NRC regions and includes their office phone numbers. To |
| |contact the NRC, find your region on the map and call the number for that region. |
| | |
| |Whether you contact the NRC to report a concern or the NRC requests information from you while on the job, always |
| |provide complete and accurate information. Be open, honest, and cooperative about all aspects of work and its |
| |documentation. |
|Practice / Feedback 1 |The place to find the phone number to confidentially contact the NRC is |
| |A. To ask your supervisor |
| |B. Posted on the NRC Form 3 around the plant ANS: B |
| |C. To ask the Control Room at 779 |
| |D. Call QV |
|Objective 4.13 |State the purposes of the emergency plan and the need for accountability during an emergency. |
|Emergency Plan |Every nuclear station has a plan for radiological protection of the public, employees, and the plant in case of an|
| |emergency. All station emergency plans are similar, with some differences based on plant design, location, and |
| |organization |
|Accountability |In an emergency, everyone inside the Protected Area must be accounted for. If accountability is necessary, you |
| |will hear an alarm followed by an announcement. You will be told where to go, and how to get there. |
| |After listening to the announcement, take the following actions: |
| |Place any equipment and work in progress in a safe condition. |
| |Escort all visitors to Security or another location identified by site procedures. |
| |If you are in a radiologically controlled area, exit normally unless told otherwise. |
| |Proceed to your designated assembly area and wait for further instructions. |
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|Objective 4.14 |State the Classifications of station emergencies |
|Emergency Classifications|Emergency classification levels (ECLs) are defined by the NRC and used by all nuclear plants. The emergency |
| |classifications in order (least to worst) are: |
| |Unusual Event |
| |Alert |
| |Site Area Emergency |
| |General Emergency |
|Objective 4.15 |State the policy concerning the release of information to the public and news media regarding an emergency. |
|Information Release |The station has identified spokesperson(s) to give information to the public and news media. Refer all external |
| |requests for plant information to this person. (This is a good practice even in nonemergency situations.) |
| | |
| |Your family can hear about the plant status and protective actions by listening to the radio. Family members |
| |should not call the plant, because phone lines will be needed for emergency response. |
|Objective 4.16 |State the purpose of personal dosimetry |
|TLD’s |Several types of radiation monitoring devices are used in a nuclear plant. Radiation workers wear a |
| |thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). This tracks the amount of radiation dose the individual receives, and it is |
| |used to create a permanent dose record. |
| | |
| |The TLD is normally worn on the front of the body on the outer clothing between the neck and waist, just like a |
| |plant access badge. |
|Practice / Feedback 1 |The device used to measure and record personnel exposure to radiation is called the |
| |a) TLD |
| |b) SOURCE |
| |c) BLT |
| |d) Portal Monitor |
| |ANS: A |
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|Objective 4.17 |State the colors and symbols used on radiological postings and the methods used to identify radiological areas. |
|Radiological Postings |All radiological barriers are marked by yellow and magenta (light purple) postings. These are usually in the form|
| |of rope or ribbon strung between stanchions, enclosing the area, with signs hanging from them that provide more |
| |information about the area. Also there is normally yellow and magenta tape on the floor or walls marking the area|
| |boundaries. |
| | |
| |The signs will have a yellow background with magenta lettering and a magenta tri-bladed symbol (called a |
| |tri-foil). |
| | |
| |Non-rad workers are never to cross these boundaries in any way. If a radiation boundary is blocking an assigned |
| |job, contact your supervisor...do not move the boundary! |
| | |
| |The sign below is yellow with a magenta trefoil in the center. |
| |[pic] |
|Objective 4.18 |State the actions to be taken if a radiological area or radioactive material is encountered. |
|Radiation Areas and |Report any uncontrolled radioactive material or any suspected radioactive material found outside a radiologically |
|Material |controlled area to RP personnel. Do not touch it, and keep others away. |
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|Objective 4.19 |Explain: |
| |The consequences of willful misconduct |
| |How to report conditions of vandalism or tampering |
|Willful Misconduct |Any action by an employee or contractor to willfully violate NRC requirements or to cause the company to be in |
| |violation of those requirements is willful misconduct. This may include, but is not limited to, the following |
| |examples: |
| |recognizing a procedural violation and not taking corrective action |
| |falsifying records |
| |willfully providing, or causing someone else to provide, the NRC with inaccurate or incomplete information |
| |willfully withholding safety-significant information from supervisory personnel |
| |submitting false information to gain unescorted access to a nuclear station |
| |Willful misconduct will not be tolerated. It may result in discipline up to and including termination or civil |
| |penalties, including fines and/or imprisonment. |
|Vandalism and Tampering |Report any plant conditions that might be the result of vandalism or tampering to the appropriate plant |
| |management. There are many examples, including the following: |
| |misaligned breakers or valves |
| |cut wires or cables |
| |foreign objects in machinery, reservoirs, or tanks |
| |inappropriate cuts or holes in pipes, tubes, or hoses |
| |damage to equipment that interferes with a safety or security function |
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|Objective 4.20 |Identify the policy for control and handling of Safeguards information. |
|Safeguards Information |Safeguards information describes the plant’s detailed security measures. Safeguards documents are marked as such |
| |on every page. Only authorized individuals can see this information. It must be protected at all times and stored |
| |in an approved, locked container. |
| | |
| |If you ever find safeguards information unattended, do not open it. Take possession of it and contact Security |
| |immediately. Unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information may result in civil and criminal penalties. |
MANAGING INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
|Objective 5.1 |Discuss adherence to safety instructions |
|Rules, Procedures and |A nuclear plant has many safety rules and procedures. Management expects you to follow them all. They are designed|
|Permits |to make the plant a safe place to work. |
| | |
| |In addition to procedures, some activities require special permits. Examples may include welding, entering a tank,|
| |and propping open a fire door. If a job requires a permit, get it before starting work. |
| | |
| |If you are unsure about any safety policies/procedures, discuss them with your supervisor before you start work. |
| |You are the most important factor in creating a safe workplace. Disregarding any safety policy may result in |
| |disciplinary action |
|Objective 5.2 |Discuss individual responsibilities of safety postings, barriers, tags and signs |
|Signs and Barriers |Signs and barriers throughout the plant warn of hazards such as energized equipment, confined spaces, and |
| |flammable material. Always read and obey these warnings. |
| | |
| |[pic] [pic] |
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|Safety Tags |Safety tags are another way of protecting you from danger by communicating important information. They have a |
| |variety of uses, shapes, and colors. Operating equipment with a safety tag attached could cause injury, death, or |
| |damage. Read and obey any tags you find in an area before you start work |
| | |
| |Danger tags, especially “Do Not Operate” tags are intended to ensure the safety of people working on the equipment|
| |or related components. If you find one of these tags not attached to a component, immediately contact the control |
| |room. |
| | |
| |Never remove a safety tag without proper authorization |
|Objective 5.3 |Administration of First Aid (if qualified) |
|First Aid |For injuries that require immediate medical aid, call the control room at 779. If they don’t answer immediately a|
| |fire alarm will go off. Give whatever first aid you are qualified to give without putting yourself at risk. |
|Objective 5.4 |Discuss the use of personal protective equipment |
|PPE |The first step in keeping safe is to wear your personal protective equipment (PPE). Different areas of the plant |
| |require different types of PPE, and each site has its own procedures for wearing it. You are responsible to know |
| |and follow the rules for your site. |
| |Safety glasses protect your eyes from dust, debris, and flying objects. They must be worn whenever a hard hat is |
| |required, or when a posting requires them. Standard corrective lenses are not enough. They must meet American |
| |National Standards Institute (ANSI) and company safety standards. Side shields are often required. |
| |Hard hats protect your head from pipes, protrusions, low ceilings, and falling objects. They are generally |
| |required everywhere on site except inside administrative buildings. They must be worn with the bill facing toward |
| |the front. |
| |Protective footwear protects your feet from being cut or crushed. Shoes should have leather uppers. In some cases,|
| |steel-toed or other types of safety shoes may also be required. |
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|PPE cont. |Hearing protection (earplugs or earmuffs) prevents hearing loss. Wear it in areas posted for high noise. |
| |Gloves are required for work that could cause hand or finger injuries. This includes working with rough materials |
| |(wood or rusty metal) or on jobs that might create a pinch hazard. |
|Nice to Know: Earplugs |Earplugs - includes the formable (foam rubber or waxed cotton) and pre-molded (silicone rubber or plastic) types. |
| |These fit into the ear canal. Formable fit all ears, pre-molded come in different sizes or can be custom molded |
| |to fit. The formable types are disposable after a single use, the pre-molded types should be washed with warm |
| |soapy water after each use and stored in a clean carrying case. |
|Nice to Know: Earmuffs |Earmuffs - are usually made of a metal U-shaped headband with plastic cups that fit over the entire ear. They are|
| |relatively easy and quick to properly don. They are generally less effective in reducing noise than earplugs. |
|Objective 5.5 |Discuss the use of plant safety equipment |
|Plant Safety Equipment |In addition to PPE, the station also installs plant safety equipment near certain hazardous areas for emergencies.|
| |For example, first aid kits are placed throughout the plant. Emergency showers and eyewash stations are placed |
| |where chemicals are used. |
| | |
| |If you are working near one of these hazards, make sure you know where the safety equipment is and how to use it |
| |before you start work. Do not tamper with this equipment or use it for anything except its intended purpose. |
| |First aid kits typically contain basic items for treating minor injuries such as cuts and scrapes. A kit generally|
| |includes things like alcohol wipes, bandages, aspirin, and gauze. |
| |Emergency showers wash chemicals off your skin. To use the shower, step under the shower head and pull the chain. |
| |Follow plant guidelines for how long to use it. |
| |Eyewash stations wash chemicals out of your eyes. To use the station, place your face near the water fountains and|
| |press the handle. Follow plant guidelines for how long to use it. |
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|Objective 5.6 |Recognize potential health hazards and methods for reducing the risks involved with the following: |
| |Use of Asbestos on some plant components |
| |Electrical equipment |
| |Steam leaks |
| |Confine Spaces |
| |Trip, slip and fall hazards |
| |Heat Stress |
| |Compressed gases |
| |Moving/rotating equipment |
| |High noise areas |
| |Falling hazards |
| |Eye hazards |
| |Hazardous chemicals |
|Asbestos |Asbestos is a fiber that was once widely used in gaskets and insulation. It was eventually found to cause serious|
| |health problems. |
| |Only employees who have been trained and properly equipped should handle asbestos. If you must work on equipment |
| |that might contain asbestos and you have not had the required training, notify your supervisor. |
|Electrical Equipment |Equipment throughout the plant carries electrical power ranging from a few volts to thousands of volts. Signs warn|
| |of high voltage areas. |
| | |
| |Before working near any exposed conductors or equipment that uses electricity, make sure it has been removed from |
| |service, de-energized, and tagged. Working on energized equipment is dangerous. It requires special training, |
| |qualification, and management authorization. |
| | |
| |Never touch someone who is in contact with a live electrical circuit. |
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|Avoiding Electrical |Inspect work areas and equipment for electrical hazards before starting work. There are several things to look |
|Hazards |for: |
| |open electrical panels |
| |frayed cords or cables |
| |water on or near electrical equipment |
| |missing or broken ground plugs |
| |Some electrical hazards are inside concrete and other structures. Make sure there are no hidden electrical |
| |conductors in an object before drilling, nailing or spraying water on it. |
|Steam Leaks |Steam is used in many ways and at various pressures. Sometimes equipment will develop a steam leak. The pressure |
| |and temperature of this steam can cause serious burns. Steam leaks at very high pressures can be invisible and |
| |dangerous. |
| | |
| |If you find a steam leak, stay away from it and report it to the appropriate personnel. You can identify a steam |
| |leak in several ways: |
| |visible vapor coming from a component |
| |whistling or hissing noise |
| |increased temperatures |
| |moisture on walls, ceiling, or equipment |
| |Activities such as preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and periodic operator inspections protect |
| |workers from steam leaks. Identified leaks are posted with warning ropes and signs. |
|Confine Spaces |Confined spaces may contain a life-threatening atmosphere. Any area that meets all of the following criteria is a |
| |confined space: |
| |not intended for continuous human occupancy |
| |limited means of getting in and out |
| |large enough and so configured that a person can bodily enter and perform work |
| |Open spaces such as pits, vaults, and vessels may be confined spaces if they meet these criteria. If you have to |
| |work in one of these spaces, check with your supervisor. To enter a confined space, you must complete confined |
| |space training and follow the requirements of the confined space program |
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|Trips, Slips and Falls |Some hazards can cause you to trip, slip, or fall. Here are some examples: |
| |piping, conduit, ropes, and cables |
| |work on elevated equipment |
| |unsecured ladders |
| |scaffolding |
| |liquid spills |
| |Always be alert to what is in front of and below you. Do not climb on plant equipment such as piping, cable trays,|
| |and snubbers. |
| | |
| |Safety equipment such as fall protection may be required. This equipment may require special training. Check with |
| |your supervisor before using it |
|Heat Stress |Some plant areas can get extremely warm, especially in the summer. The length of time you are allowed to stay |
| |there might be limited to protect you from heat stress. Stay times are based on temperature and humidity. Refer to|
| |plant safety guidelines for specific information. |
| | |
| |You can reduce the risk of heat stress in several ways: |
| |Drink fluids. |
| |Install ventilation, fans, or temporary air conditioning. |
| |Monitor temperature and humidity. |
| |Use cooling devices such as ice vests. |
| |Heat stress can also result from strenuous work at normal temperatures. If you begin to feel overheated or dizzy, |
| |tell your co-workers, move to a cooler area, and rest. Notify your supervisor and seek medical help. |
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|Compress Gases |Compressed gas cylinders hold gases that might be flammable or poisonous. Follow these precautions when working |
| |with them: |
| |Store them outside when possible. Protect them from the weather and direct sunlight. |
| |Store them securely and upright. |
| |Stay clear of cylinder relief or blow-off valves. |
| |Make sure hoses are in good shape. |
| |Do not direct compressed air at any part of the body. |
| |Move the cylinder by using a cart designed for that purpose. Make sure the cap is in place when moving or storing |
| |the cylinder. |
|Moving and Rotating |Motorized equipment (such as pumps, motor-operated valves, lathes, and cranes) can create a variety of hazards | |
|Equipment |when it moves or rotates. Some of this equipment can start automatically. | |
| |When working near motorized equipment, do not wear loose clothing (such as ties) or jewelry that could get caught.| |
| | | |
| |Pay attention to postings and alarms. Do not tamper with safety covers around moving equipment. | |
|High Noise Areas |Some areas of the plant have high noise levels that can damage your hearing over time. These areas are posted with|
| |warning signs. Even if an area is not posted, treat it as a high-noise area if you have trouble hearing or |
| |talking. |
| | |
| |Hearing protection is required in all high-noise areas. The company provides hearing protection and expects you to|
| |use it. |
|Falling objects |Plant equipment, scaffolding, tools, and other objects could fall and cause an injury. Look for work in progress |
| |in overhead areas and stay clear. When you are working at heights, remember there might be people below you. |
| | |
| |Some equipment is designed to reduce the risk of injury from falling objects. . Examples include PPE, scaffold toe|
| |boards, and tool lanyards. Good housekeeping also helps. |
Continued on next page
Managing Industrial Safety, Continued
|Eye Hazards |Some activities create serious eye hazards. Chipping, grinding, welding and using hazardous chemicals are just a |
| |few examples. Special eye protection is required for this kind of work. |
| | |
| |Many places in the plant require you to wear safety glasses at all times. Also, when you are doing anything that |
| |might create an eye hazard, you must wear your safety glasses, goggles, and/or a face shield. If you need other |
| |eye protection, discuss this with your supervisor. |
|Hazardous Chemicals |A nuclear plant uses many kinds of hazardous chemicals such as cleaners, corrosives, petroleum, paints and |
| |reactive substances. These materials may be found in tanks, drums, totes, storage areas and piping. |
| | |
| |There are several ways you can recognize a potential chemical hazard. |
| |Signs posted on tanks, pipes and storage areas |
| |labels on containers |
| |Vapors or odors from tanks, drums, totes or other storage containers |
| |posted chemical storage areas |
| |Use these methods to reduce the risk when using or handling hazardous chemicals: |
| | |
| |Understand the hazards of the chemical before using it. |
| |Know what protective equipment to wear and always use it when handing the hazardous chemical. |
| |Prepare for spills of hazardous chemical before you begin working with it. |
| |Know how and when to report spills or leaks of the chemical. |
| |Do not deface or cover the label on a chemical container. |
| |Never mix chemicals and never use unidentified chemicals. |
| | |
| |Some plant areas store large quantities of hazardous chemicals. These areas are posted and may have special entry |
| |requirements. Enter these areas with caution. Contact your supervisor if you are unsure of those requirements. |
Continued on next page
Managing Industrial Safety, Continued
|Objective 5.7 |State where information may be obtained explaining the risk, hazards and handling associated with a chemical or |
| |toxic substance. |
|Sources of information |Chemical companies are required to provide health and safety information for the products that they sell or |
|SDS/MSDS |distribute. This information is provided in the form of a document called a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) (formerly |
| |called a Material Safety Data Sheet -MSDS). |
| | |
| |The SDS provides basic information on the identity and dangers of the product, including the following: |
| |Names of the hazardous chemicals in the product |
| |Physical and chemical characteristics of the product including flammability, explosion hazards, corrosiveness, |
| |etc.) |
| |Health hazards (poisonous, toxic, irritant, corrosive to tissue) |
| |Recommended protective clothing and respiratory protection |
| |Recommended storage requirements |
| |Recommended spill and cleanup procedures |
| |Always follow the manufacturer's instructions when using chemicals. Contact Safety or Environmental for specific |
| |information on chemical hazards. |
|Objective 5.8 |State employees’ responsibility regarding fire barriers |
|Fire Barriers |Federal law requires fire barriers to limit the spread of fire, smoke, and gases. They are specially constructed |
| |doors, walls, ceilings, dampers, and floors. |
| |Fire barrier penetrations are openings that allow things such as conduit, cables, piping, and ducts to pass |
| |through the barrier. The penetrations are sealed to maintain the barrier’s fire rating. Contact your supervisor or|
| |other appropriate personnel before starting work that might affect a fire barrier. |
| | |
| |Fire doors are specially marked, usually with signs and colors. Always self-check to make sure a fire door closes |
| |and latches behind you. Follow procedures if you need to keep one open for a while. |
| | |
| |Immediately report any fire barrier problems according to your plant’s procedures. |
Continued on next page
Managing Industrial Safety, Continued
|Objective 5.9 |State actions an individual is required to take upon discovery of a fire. |
|Reporting Fires |If you discover a fire, notify appropriate personnel immediately by call 779 from any plant phone. Inform them of |
| |the fire’s location and what is burning. Then stand in a safe location and warn others until the fire brigade |
| |arrives. Do not attempt to fight the fire unless trained to do so. |
|Objective 5.10 |State individual responsibilities regarding the control of fire loading and the disposal of flammable materials |
|Fire Loading |Regulations limit the amount of flammable materials that may be stored anywhere. When working with flammable |
| |materials, bring only the amount you need for the job or the authorized amount, whichever is less. When you |
| |finish, return the materials to their proper storage location in approved fire cabinets. |
| | |
| |Wood used in the plant must be fire retardant unless you get written permission otherwise. Fire retardant wood is |
| |clearly marked. If you find wood that is not fire retardant, notify your supervisor. |
| | |
| |Always dispose of flammable materials properly by referring to DCPP station procedures |
|Disposal of flammable |Properly disposing of flammable materials or waste flammable materials is especially important to the safety of |
|materials |the plant. DO NOT mix flammable materials or flammable waste materials such as solvents or fuels with waste oil |
| |or other hazardous waste. Contact the hazardous waste group for instructions for disposal. |
|Objective 5.11 |State examples of types of hot work requiring a permit |
|Hot Work Permits |Hot work is any activity that will create heat, sparks or flames. You must get a hot work permit before starting |
| |this kind of work. If you are not sure whether a job requires a hot work permit or how to get one, contact your |
| |supervisor. |
Continued on next page
Managing Industrial Safety, Continued
|Practice / Feedback 1 |If you must disable a fire door from closing, whom must you notify? |
| |A. Safety |
| |B. The control room |
| |C. Fire protection and the Shift Foreman |
| |D. Work Control Shift Foreman |
| |ANS: C |
|Practice / Feedback 2 |Water on or near electrical equipment would be classified as a |
| |A. Water hazard |
| |B. Eye hazard |
| |C. Electrical hazard |
| |D. Fire hazard |
| |ANS: C |
|Practice / Feedback 3 |Install ventilation, fans, or temporary air conditioning is one way of reducing |
| |A. Heat Stress |
| |B. Anxiety |
| |C. Noise |
| |D. Confrontation |
| |ANS: A |
|Practice / Feedback 4 |An SDS or MSDS contains information on how to safely use which of the following? |
| |A. Hazardous chemicals |
| |B. Rigging and rope |
| |C. Electrical and mechanical tools |
| |D. Electrical cords and ground fault protection devices |
| |ANS: A |
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