The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
? Student Handouts, Inc.
What was the Roman Empire?
? There were two periods of Roman government.
? Roman Republic
? 509 BCE-30 BCE
? Roman Empire
? 30 BCE-476 CE
? Rome technically had an "empire" under the Roman Republic.
? But the term "Roman Empire" refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors.
Octavian Becomes Augustus
? Octavian was sole ruler of Rome after his forces defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium
? The Senate gave him the name "Augustus," meaning "most high"
? 23 BCE ? Octavian, now referred to as Augustus, was made consul for life by the Senate
? Also made "Princeps," meaning "first citizen"
? Origin of the word "prince"
? Also made "Imperator," meaning "successful general"
? Origin of the word "emperor"
? Also made "Pontifex Maximus," or "chief religious leader
? Origin of the word "pontiff" (used to describe the pope today)
? Also made a tribune ? He had the power to call the Senate, veto the Senate's
laws, and make laws himself
Primus inter pares
? "First among equals" ? Augustus and later emperors tried to maintain
the fa?ade that they were elected officials rather than dictators ? Being "first among equals" gave the illusion that an emperor was the most prestigious and important member of the Roman Senate, but that each senator was simultaneously equally important ? In reality, the Roman emperors ruled with little input from anyone else
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