Microbiology Review Topics for Test #1, 2007



Microbiology Test #1, 2017Name:Instructions: This test has two parts. In Part 1, you will answer any 5 of the 6 questions (15 points each). All students must answer Part 2. -30480304165By signing below, I affirm that I understand that this test still needs to given as a make-up exam to at least one of my classmates. I will not divulge its contents to any one until my professor says it is permitted to do so. I understand that if I reveal the contents of this test to anyone prior to that time, it will be considered an act of academic dishonesty, I will receive a zero for this test, and the Dean of Students office will be notified.SignaturePart 1: Answer 5 of the following 6 short answer questions (15 points each). Please make your choices obvious or I will simply grade the first 5.Question 1: A scientist treats an unknown bacterium with two antibiotics, penicillin and ethambutol. Penicillin has no effect, but ethambutol is very effective in halting the microbe’s growth. Is this microbe most likely Acid Fast or not? Explain your answer giving the specific structure and process that is targeted by the antibiotic that works. Question 2: You do a series of experiments to identify a different unknown microbe and get the following results: Cell ComponentPresence or AbsenceEukaryote, Gram+, Gram -?Nuclear proteinpresentTechoic acidpresentLipopolysaccharidespresentPeptidoglycanpresentHopanoidspresentDo you think these tests were done on a pure culture? Why are why not? For each of the cell components above, justify your answer by stating in the table whether it is normally found in a eukaryote, a Gram positive bacterium, a Gram negative bacterium or both Gram + and Gram – bacteria.Question 3. You would like to try to isolate a novel microbe from an acidic hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. List three membrane adaptations that this microbe could have (be specific!) in order to survive in this extreme environment. You do not need to describe how these work…just list them.Question 4. The invention of the Petri plate has made isolating bacteria much easier, and yet most microbes still have not been isolated, despite considerable effort. Why is isolating bacteria so difficult? Give two reasons.457205969000Question 5. Describe how oil helps improve the resolution of a light microscope at 1000x magnification, making sure that your answer reflects an understanding of how refraction and focal length are involved.83820183134000Question 6. What is attenuation? Describe how Pasteur’s experiments with chicken cholera demonstrated this process.13462014795500Part 2: All students must answer this question (25 points).Microorganisms make toxins and antibiotics in order to help them survive in a competitive world. We have studied two very different types of developmental pathways in which bacteria produce very different types of spores. Pick one such pathway and describe it fully, naming all important genes and or molecules in the process, as appropriate. Does this microbe make antibiotics or toxins, and when in the developmental pathway that you are describing does this happen? ................
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