ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY
Poems – Types and Terms
Stanza – A group of lines forming the basic structure of a poem. Also known as a verse
Rhyme Scheme – Rhyme scheme is a pattern that a poem follows and is usually shown with letters. For example, abab means the first and third lines rhyme, and the second and forth lines rhyme.
There are many different types of poems and we will not go through all of them. However, these are the ones that we will look at over the next few weeks.
Acrostic – The first letters of each line are aligned vertically to form a word. The word is usually the subject of the poem.
Efficiently shaped
Good to eat
Great fun to find at Easter
Smooth shelled
Ballad – Tells a story in poetic form, often has a repeated section/refrain. Most are sung and usually have some sort of rhyme scheme.
Cinquain – Has five lines. Line one is one word, usually the title. Line 2 is two words that desribe the title. Line 3 is three words that tell the action, line 4 is four words that express the feeling, line 5 is one word that recalls the title.
Tree
Strong, Tall
Swaying, swinging, sighing
Memories of last summer
Oak
Haiku – A Japanese poem composed of three unrhymed line of five, seven, and five syllables. Usually they are nature based but not always
I wake, reluctant; Haikus are easy
Too cold to get out of bed But sometimes they don’t make sense
But I need to pee. Refrigerator
Limerick – Short and usually humourous. Contain 5 lines. Rhyme scheme is AABBA. Lines 1, 2, and 5 have seven to ten syllables and rhyme, and lines 3 and 4 have five to seven syllables and also rhyme.
A painter who lived in Great Britain
Interrupted two girls with their knittin’
He said with a sign,
“That park bench – well I
Just painted it, right where you’re sittin”
Sonnet – English/Shakespearean are 14 lines long, have 3 quatrains (4 line stanzas) and a concluding couplet. The rhyme scheme is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
-William Shakespeare
Free Verse – rhymed or unrhymed lines that have no set pattern. This allowed early poets to break free from the formula and rigidity of traditional poetry.
Blank Verse – A poem written in iambic pentameter (10 syllables, unstressed followed by stressed) that does not rhyme. Most of Romeo and Juliet is written in blank verse.
The Ball – John Berryman
What is the boy now, who has lost his ball?
What, what is he to do? I saw it go
Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then
Merrily over-there it is in the water!
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