Religions of the Middle East Study Guide



Religions of the Middle East Study Guide

Study your comparisons chart of the 3 religions!!!!!

Torah

Jewish Holy Book

Bible

Christian Holy Book

Qur’an

Islam Holy Book

Star of David

Jewish symbol

Cross

Christian symbol

Crescent moon and star

Islamic symbol

Sabbath days for each religion

Friday: Islamic Sabbath

Saturday: Jewish Sabbath

Sunday: Christian Sabbath

Holy cities

Jerusalem and Mecca

Importance of Jerusalem

Jews: Homeland and place where the first Jewish Temple was built. Wailing/Western Wall

Christians: Place Jesus was crucified

Muslims: Muhammad’s night journey to heaven started at the Dome of the Rock

Religious Holidays for Islam, Christianity, and Judaism and their meanings

Jewish: Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year

Hanukkah: Victory over Jewish enemies

Passover: Freedom from Egyptian slavery

Christianity: Christmas: Jesus birth

Easter: Jesus resurrection

Islamic: Ramadan: holy month of fasting

Eid ul-fitr: Festival of breaking the fast

Western Wall

Last remaining part of the first temple built for the Jews. In Jersusalem.

Sunni

Division of Islam. Majority. Believe any Caliph can be religious leader.

Shiite

Division of Islam. Minority. Believe only descendants of Ali (related to Muhammad) can be the rightful caliphs

5 Pillars and what they stand for in order

1. Shahadah: stating that there is only on god and that Muhammad is God’s prophet.

2. Salat: praying 5 times a day in the direction of Mecca.

3. Zakat: giving to the poor and needy.

4. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan.

5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca.

Descriptions of the worship centers for Christians and Muslims

Christians: Eastern Orthodox: shaped like a cross, beautifully decorated to reflect God, built with towers and domes.

Protestant: people pray directly to God—rarely statues present.

Catholic: statues of Jesus, Mary, and the saints they pray to.

Muslims: *Mosques: No statues or seating. Pray on the floor on mats. Men and women pray separately.

Names for God

Yahweh/Hashem, God, Allah

Abraham (also his importance to all three religions)

Jews: Abraham declared there was one God and he was sent Canaan.

Christians: same because they believe in the Old Testament.

Muslims: Abraham was the father of Ishmael.

Moses

The prophet and important person for Jews. He led the Hebrews out of Egypt.

Jesus

The prophet and Christian messiah. Crucified and resurrected for Christian sins.

Muhammad

Prophet of the Islamic religion. He started the Muslim religion by receiving the message of God. Also said there was one God, Allah.

Religious leaders

Rabbi: Jews

Priest, minister, pastor: Christians

Imam: Muslims

10 Commandments

1. Have no other gods

2. Have no idols

3. Honor God’s name

4. Honor the Sabbath day

5. Honor your parents

6. Do not murder

7. Do not commit adultery

8. Do not steal

9. Do not lie

10. Do not be jealous of others

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