Houston Community College
Fully understand Bulk Flow, Starling’s law (dynamics of capillary exchange)
1. Dynamics of Capillary Exchange
:
Starling’s law of the capillaries is that the volume of fluid & solutes reabsorbed is almost as large as the volume filtered
Fully understand Bulk Flow, Starling’s law (dynamics of capillary exchange)
After review and study the dynamics of capillary exchange, answer following questions:
1. Net filtration pressure equals:
A. blood hydrostatic pressure plus blood colloid osmotic pressure minus interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure plus interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
B. blood hydrostatic pressure plus interstitial fluid osmotic pressure minus blood colloid osmotic pressure plus interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
C. blood hydrostatic pressure minus blood colloid osmotic pressure minus interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure minus interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D. blood hydrostatic pressure plus interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure minus blood colloid osmotic pressure plus interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
E. blood hydrostatic pressure minus interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure plus blood colloid osmotic pressure minus interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
2. Of the pressure involved in determining net filtration pressure, the highest pressure at the arterial end of a capillary is usually:
A. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
B. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
C. blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D. blood hydrostatic pressure.
E. Blood hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure are always equally high.
3. Of the pressure involved in determining net filtration pressure, the highest pressure at the venous end of a capillary is usually
A. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
B. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure.
C. blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D. blood hydrostatic pressure.
E. Blood hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure are always equally high.
4. If blood hydrostatic pressure equals 30mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure equals 26mm Hg, interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 5mm Hg, and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure equals 2mm Hg, the net filtration pressure will be:
A. 7mm Hg.
B. 27mm Hg.
C. 11mm Hg.
D. 21mm Hg.
E. 149mm Hg.
5. If plasma proteins are lost due to kidney disease, then which of the following pressure
changes occur as a direct result?
A. Blood hydrostatic pressure increases.
B. Blood colloid osmotic pressure increases.
C. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure decreases.
D. Blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.
E. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure decreases.
6. If filtration greatly exceeds re-absorption, the result is edema. Based on above knowledge and exercises, explain why.
2. Respiration
Understand the pressure changes in pulmonary ventilation
Boyle’s law; Dalton Law; Henry’s law
Gas exchange: oxygen and carbon dioxide in lung and in tissue
Lung volumes and capacities
?Tidal volume = amount air moved during quiet breathing
?MVR= minute ventilation is amount of air moved in a minute
?Reserve volumes ---- amount you can breathe either in or out above that amount of tidal volume
?Residual volume = 1200 mL permanently trapped air in system
?Vital capacity & total lung capacity are sums of the other volumes
1. The alveolar ventilation rate for someone whose tidal volume equal 450mL, whose dead space air equal 150mL, and whose respiratory rate is 15 respirations per minute is
A. 2250mL/min.
B. 4500mL/min.
C. 6750mL/min.
D. 9000mL/min.
E. There is not enough information to calculate the alveolar ventilation rate.
2. Where would you expect to find the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A. in the atmosphere
B. in pulmonary arteries
C. in pulmonary veins
D. in alveolar air
E. in the intracellular fluid
3. Smokers Lowered Respiratory Efficiency
A. Describe and explain the effects of smoking on the functioning of the respiratory system:
B. In chronic emphysema, some alveoli merge together and some are replaced with fibrous connective tissue. In addition, the bronchioles are often inflamed, and expiratory volume is reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.
reduced. Using proper respiratory system terminology, explain at least four reasons why affected individuals will have problems with ventilation and external respiration.
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