Third Grade Overview



Graphic Organizer

Big Ideas Card

|Big Ideas of Lesson 5, Unit 4 |

| |

|Using multiple sources can help us better understand the terrible conditions of the Middle Passage and slavery. |

|Enslaved Africans were forced into ships and across the Middle Passage to the Americas. |

|The Middle Passage was a part of the triangular trade routes during colonial times. |

|Conditions aboard the slave ships were horrible. Many Africans died on the voyage. |

|People like merchants, plantation owners and shipping companies benefited from the slave trade but there were terrible costs for African cultures and |

|Africans. |

Word Cards

Word Cards from previous lessons needed for this lesson:

• Perspective – Word Card #5 from Lesson 1

|12 |13 |

|slavery |Triangular Trade |

| | |

|a system that forced people to work and treated enslaved people as property | |

| |trade patterns connecting the Colonies, Europe, Africa and the West Indies |

| | |

|Example: Africans were forced into slavery in Spanish Colonies in the New |Example: Triangular trade patterns were used to bring enslaved Africans to |

|World. |the Americas. |

| | |

|(SS050405) | |

| |(SS050405) |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|14 |

|Middle Passage |

| |

|the route used to take enslaved Africans across the Atlantic from Africa to |

|the Americas. |

| |

|Example: The Middle Passage was a horrible experience for enslaved Africans. |

| |

|(SS050405) |

Artifact

[pic]

Lock. 30 January 2011.

Text Source

"At last, when the ship we were in, had got in all her cargo, they made ready with many fearful noises, and we were all put under deck, so that we could not see how they managed the vessel. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow. The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. ..This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now became insupportable... The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror, almost inconceivable.

Happily perhaps, for myself, I was soon reduced so low here that it was thought necessary to keep me almost always on deck; and from my extreme youth I was not put in fetters. In this situation I expected every hour to share the fate of my companions, some of whom were almost daily brought upon deck at the point of death, which I began to hope would soon put an end to my miseries. Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself. I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. Every circumstances I met with, and heightened my apprehensions, and my opinion of the cruelty of the whites.”

Source: Account of the Middle Passage. .

Analyzing the Text Source

|Who ? | |

|What was being described? | |

|Describe some of his thoughts.| |

|Describe some of his feelings.| |

|Describe his perspective, or | |

|point of view. | |

Analyzing the Text Source

Sample Completed Chart

|Who ? | |

| |A young African who has been forced onto a slave ship |

|What was being described? |The first part of the trip across the ocean and what conditions were like on the ship. |

|Describe some of his |He was thinking that it would be better to die than to live in these conditions. |

|thoughts. | |

| |He was thinking about how cruel whites were. |

|Describe some of his | |

|feelings. |He felt the conditions were almost unbearable. |

| | |

| |He felt it would be better to die. |

| | |

| |He felt miserable, suffocated. |

| | |

| |He felt happy that he was so sick that he was kept on deck and did not have chains because he was young. |

|Describe his perspective, or |He was looking at slavery from the point of view of an enslaved person who had been forced onto the ship. |

|point of view | |

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade – Teacher Reference Sheet

Primary Source #1

Primary Source #2

Primary Source #3

Transcriptions

Newport, November 8th, 1755

Captn. Caleb Godfrey—

The Sloop Hare of which you are Master being loaded and ready to sail, Our Orders are that you improve the first favorable Wind and Weather and proceed directly to the Coast of Africa, where being arrived you are at Liberty to trade at Liberty to trade at such Places as you think most for our Interest.... Don’t purchase any small or old Slaves or as far as possible—Young Men Slaves answer better than Women—Keep a watchful Eye over ‘em and give them no Opportunity of making a Insurrection, and let them have a Sufficiency of good Diet, as you are Sensible your Voyage depends upon their Health. Use your utmost Endeavors to make all the Dispatch possible, as your Vessel is small and your Expenses great, and proceed from the Coast to—Charles Town in South Carolina, where we shall lodge Letters for you containing Instructions for your farther Proceedings. We recommend to you the utmost Frugality in your Expenses on the Vessel. We also entreat you to use your utmost Endeavors to promote Peace—Harmony and good Order on Board both with your Officers and others, especially the Officers.... Don’t omit writing us by all Opportunities we wish you Health and a prosperous Voyage who are

your Friends,

Sam. & Wm Vernon

Just imported in the Hare, Capt. Caleb Godrey, directly from Sierra-Leon, a Cargo of Likely and Healthy SLAVES, To be sold upon easy Terms, on Taesday the 29th Instant June, by

AUSTIN & LAURENS.

Analyzing Primary Sources

Group Recording Sheet

|Primary Source |What do you think it is? |What does it tell us about slavery in the colonies and the slave |

| | |trade? |

|#1 | | |

|#2 | | |

|#3 | | |

What is the connection between these three primary sources?

Analyzing Primary Sources

Group Recording Sheet – Sample Answers

|Primary Source |What do you think it is? |What does it tell us about slavery in the colonies and the slave |

| | |trade? |

|#1 |a letter written in 1755 to the captain of a slave ship called the|Sometimes slave ships traveled directly from New England to Africa |

| |Hare giving him directions about sailing to Africa and purchasing |and then back to New England with a cargo of enslaved Africans. |

| |slaves | |

|#2 |an ad announcing the sale of enslaved Africans from the slave ship |Enslaved Africans were bought and sold like goods such as animals |

| |Hare. |or manufactured goods. They were treated like property, not people |

|#3 |A diagram of what a slave ship like the Hare looked like. |Enslaved Africans were forced to lie below the deck close together |

| | |where there was hardly room to breathe. The conditions must have |

| | |been horrible. |

What is the connection between these four primary sources?

These primary sources all relate to a slave ship known as the Hare which sailed from Newport to Africa and then to South Carolina in 1755

Assessment

Directions: Demonstrate what you have learned in this lesson by writing an informational piece describing Triangular Trade. You will need to include:

• the trade routes

• the people and goods that were traded

• the Middle Passage

• its impact on life in Africa.

Make sure to

• Introduce the topic clearly

• Develop the topic with facts, definitions, details or other information

• Use headings, illustrations or other formatting techniques if necessary.

• Link the ideas of your writing together.

• Use precise language and vocabulary to explain the topic.

• Write a strong concluding statement or section

Use this checklist to help you organize your writing:

|CONTENT | |I described the trade routes. |

| | |I described the people and goods that were traded. |

| | |I described the Middle Passage. |

| | |I described the impact of Triangular Trade on life in Africa. |

|PROCESS | |I introduced the topic clearly. |

| | |I developed the topic with facts, definitions and details. |

| | |I used formatting techniques when needed. |

| | |I linked my ideas together. |

| | |I used precise language and vocabulary. |

| | |I wrote a strong conclusion. |

-----------------------

Cause

Triangular trade routes were established.

Cause

Goods like rum were available to trade.

Cause

Workers were needed in the English colonies.

Enslaved Africans were taken across the Middle Passage.

Effect

African ideas and traditions were brought to the colonies.

Effect

The colonies grew and prospered.

Effect

African cultures, villages and families were negatively affected.

West

Indies

West

Africa

New

England

New

England

West

Africa

West

Indies

Rum

Guns

Cloth

Tools

Enslaved

Africans

Lumber

Fish

Flour

Sugar

Molasses

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