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E2813 v4Guo Huan Ping Zheng A [2702]Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., LtdEnvironmental Impact Report(For Examination and Approval)Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionOctober 2011Compiler:Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionCertificate No.:Guo Huan Ping Zheng A [2702]Legal Representative:Ma ChaoProject Manager:Xiang Renjun (Registered EIA Engineer A27020020300)RegistrationCategory:Textile and Light IndustryCompiling Team:Name List of Compiling TeamNamePostLicense No.Task AssignedSignatureXiang RenjunResearcherRegistered EIA Engineer (A2702020020300)Engineering analysisPeng ChaoSenior EngineerRegistered EIA Engineer A27020261600Final Report, analysis of atmosphere environmental impactLi CaiyanEngineerHuang Ping Gang Zheng Zi No.A27020075Analysis of noise environmental impact, public participationCheng YiEngineerHuang Ping Gang Zheng Zi No.A27020067Environmental status, analysis of water environmental impactReport examination:Liu Jiawen (Registered EIA Engineer A27020060400)Table of Contents1Overview11.1Project Background11.2Compilation Basis21.3EIA Goals and Principles51.4EIA Classification and Scope61.5Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment81.6Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points92Analysis of Substitution Plan and Technology Reform Project182.1Pre-Reform Overview182.2Analysis of Technology Reform Project512.3Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and after Technology Reform702.4Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental Protection Policies723Regional Overviews743.1Basic Facts of National Environment743.2Overview of Social Environment804Environmental Monitoring, Survey and Assessment834.1Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment834.2Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment934.3Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment1114.4Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality1125The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact1155.1The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction1155.2The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation Stage1186Measures to Mitigate Impact1256.1Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period1256.2Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water during Operation Period1276.3Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during Operation Period1296.4Mesures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation Period1296.5Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation Period1307Assessement of Environmental Risk1337.1Risk Assessment Level1337.2Environmental Risk Identification1357.3Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences1507.4Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk1547.5Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents1607.6Risk Assessment Conclusion1658Cleaner Production, Standardized Emission and Total Amount Control1678.1Cleaner Production1678.2Standardized Emission1729Analysis on Environmental Impact on Economic Cost Benefit1759.1Analysis on Economic Benefits1759.2Environmental Benefits Analysis17610Public Participation17710.1Purpose and Role of Public Participation17710.2Mode and Content of Public Participation17710.3Objects of the Investigation18210.4Statistics of the Investigation Results18210.5Analysis on Public Opinion19010.6Statistics and Analysis of Group Opinions19011Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring19111.1Enterprise Environmental Management19111.2Monitoring Plan19112Analysis on the Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Rationality of the Site Selection and Position19512.1Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Planning19512.2Environmental State and Environmental Impact of the Project19812.3Analysis on the Rationality of the Plan Layout19813Conclusion and Suggestions20013.1Survey of the Project20013.2Analysis of the Project20013.3State of the Environment20013.4Environmental Feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction20113.5Conclusion on Overall Assessment20313.6Recommendations204Map 1: Location of the Project SiteMap 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling SitesMap 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas1 Overview1.1 Project BackgroundYueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd was initially a plant named Hunan Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd Plant established in 1958, and it was initiated and founded by Hunan Tiger Forest & Paper (formerly Yueyang Forest & Paper) Group Co., Ltd in September 2009 as approved by Hunan Provincial People’s Government in The “Official Reply of Hunan Provincial People’s Government Concerning the Consent of the Establishment of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” (Xiang Zheng Han [2000] 149).The Company is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, a place called Sanjiangkou at Chenglingji, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River , also next to two 5,000-T foreign trade docks. The land and water traffic is well developed with the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the west corridor to the vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107.The Company’s core business is the production and distribution of cultural and printing paper, mainly including 30 types of products in five categories: light-weight coating paper (LWC), pigment offset paper, colorful supercalender paper, light-weight printing paper, etc. that are extensively used for the printing of high-end books and magazines. The well-known brand has gained a reputation in China, the series products of “Yueyanglou” pigment offset paper has won the “National Golden Prize” and the title of “National Consumer Satisfaction Product”. “Tiger·Ya” LWC paper and “Tiger·Ya” offset paper have won the title of “Hunan Famous Brand Product”. In 2000, the Company passed the ISO9001-2000 International Quality System certification; in January 2006, the Company succeeded in the “Triad System” certification, i.e., ISO9001-2000 Quality System, ISO14001 Environmental Management System, GB/T28001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System.The area near Dongtinghu Lake, where Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located, has abundant resources that may be used as raw material for paper making, such as populus euramevicana, pinus massonoana, pinus elliottii engelm, dioscorea villosa and bamboo. By implementing the State Council’s policy of “Conversion of Farmland to Lakes and Forests” and adhering to the principle of “Forestry-Paper Integration”, the Company has successfully realized 863,700mu forest plantation and developed a benign circulation of “Mutual Development of Forestation and Papermaking”, which has won itself the title of “Dragon Enterprise” of forest industry in Hunan Province. Based on its strong capability of technology R&D, the Company has taken the lead in China in developing a series of new products, such as 45g/m2 low-basis-weight high-quality color printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating paper, light-weight printing paper and pigment offset paper, in which high-quality color printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating paper and light-weight printing paper have respectively won the title of “National Key New Product”. The Project of “Populus Euramevicana APMP New Technology of Pulp Making and Application” won the second prize of “2003 National Science and Technology Progress”; in recent years, a series of above-provincial-level key technology invention programs have been implemented, by the end of 2006, the Company has developed 3 national-level new products and 20 provincial-level new products; the Company has applied for 26 patent rights, in which 15 have won national patent rights; the Company has also won 1 national prize of science and technology progress and 6 provincial and ministerial prize of science and technology progress. The Company’s current production capacity is 570,000t/a, including 7 production lines for producing 4 types of pulp: bleached wood pulp, bleached reed pulp, aspen bleached chemi-mechanical pulp and deinked pulp. In addition, the Company is capable of producing 800,000t/a paper by using the self-produced pulp and purchased pulp board, such as newsprint, low-basis-weight coating paper and pigment offset paper, with corresponding facilities of alkali recovery system and co-generation unit.The productivity of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd’s reed pulp making unit is 180t/d, a traditional sulfate intermittent cooking process, and the bleaching system is an outdated process of element-chlorine- containing bleaching that produces large amount of wastewater containing chlorinated organic compounds (AOX), which has not only caused high-volume wastewater discharge per unit product, the high content of inorganic and organic substances is also a problem: much higher content of AOX than the index of newly added pollutants control, a standard of environmental protection control that is to be implemented in the near future. In order to meet the standard, the Company is planning to conduct technology reform for the bleaching unit, i.e., to eliminate the existing production line of chlorine gas bleaching and replace CEH bleaching by ECF bleaching. After the Project construction, the concentration of organic compounds in the wastewater from the pulp bleaching process shall be reduced significantly, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd shall realize the development in a way of high level, low consumption and small pollution. The goal of the Project construction is to prevent and reduce the generation of pollutants from the source and reduce the need of external treatment, so as to realize the reduction of the production cost and cleaner production.According to the “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”, the “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Regulation on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection” , Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd consigned Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Protection to fulfill the task of environmental impact assessment of the “Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” and compile the Environmental Impact Report. The Institute accepted the consignment and conducted onsite investigation and collected data related the Project’s technology reform. As required, the Task Force conducted environmental quality survey and invited public participation in the investigation, the Environmental Impact Report has been finished based on the relevant data collected by the Task Force.1.2 Compilation Basis1.2.1 Applicable Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations1.“Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (December 26, 1989)2.“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution” (revised on September 5, 2007)3. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (December 29, 2004)4.“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000)5.“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution” (March 1, 1997)6.“Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves” (October 9, 1994)7.“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Wild Animals” (November 8, 1988)8. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration” ( August 29, 1998)9.“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation” (June 29, 1991)10 “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Energy Conservation” (January 1, 1998)11.“Implementation Rules of the ‘Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution’” (State Council Order No. 284)12“Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC President Order 72, June 29, 2002)13.“Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC President Order No. 77, October 28, 2002)14.“Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection” (State Council Order No. 253)15.“Decision of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning Environmental Protection” (GuoFa [1996] 31)16.“Classified Catalogue for Construction Project Environmental Protection” (SEPA Order No. 14, October 13, 2002)17.“The ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2010 Special Plan for National Forestry-Paper Integration Construction” (2004)18.“The Outline of the ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2015 Planning” by the State Administration of Forestry19.“The Overall Plan for Key Area Construction Project of Fast-Growing & High-Yielding Forest Base” by the State Administration of Forestry20.“Notification of Several Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Material Forest Base for Paper Industry” (SPC General Office [2001] 141, State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, State Administration of Forestry)21.“Opinion on Strengthening the Work of Industry Water Conservation” by State Economic and Trade Commission and other five ministries (SETC Resource [2000] 1015, October 25, 2000)22.“Guiding Catalogues for Adjustment of Industry Structure (2011)”23.“Paper Industry Development Policy” (NDRC Bulletin [2007] 71)24.The State Council’s “Decision on Implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection” (GuoFa [2005] 39)25.“The Notice on Strengthening EIA Management and Preventing Environmental Risks” by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (HuanFa [2005] 152)26.“The Notice on Printing and Distributing ‘Special Action Plan of Pollution Control for Hunan Province Paper Industry’” (XiangZhengBanMingDian [2007]208)27.“The Notice of Hunan Provincial Economic Commission on Printing and Distributing the ‘11th Five-Year Plan of Structural Adjustment for Hunan Province Paper Industry’” (HNEC Investment [2009] 12)28.The Notification on the Publication of the Tenth Batch of Projects (Paper Manufacturers) for Undertaking Environmental Pollution Treatment Within a Prescribed Limitsof Time” (XiangHuanFa [2009] 37)29.“Yueyang City Overall Urban Planning” (2003-2020)30.“Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (State Council Order No. 344, January 26, 2002)31.“The Implementation Rules of the ‘Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals’” (HuaLaoFa [1992] 6777)32.“OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment for the World Bank Business Policies and Procedures”1.2.2 Technical Basis1. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---General Rules” (HJ/T2.1-1993)2.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric Environment” (HJ/T2.2-2008)3.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.1-1993)4.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment (HJ/T2.4-2009)5.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ecological Impact” (HJ19-2011)6.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004)7.“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Groundwater Environment” (HJ610-2011)8.“Provisional Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment” (HuanFa [2006] 26)9.“Assessment Index System of Cleaner Production for Paper Industry” (NDRC [2006] 87)10“Papermaking Products---National Standard for Water Consumption Quota”11. “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)12“Hunan Province Management Measures for Auto Monitoring of Pollution Sources” (Hunan Provincial Government Order No. 203)13.“Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”, World Bank Group1.2.3 Relevant Documents1.“Feasibility Research Report of the Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry Changsha Engineering Company;2.“Official Reply to the Environmental Impact Report of the Project of 400,000t/a Mechanical-Pulp-Containing Offset Paper Production by Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, Hunan EPB, XiangHuanPing [2008] 66);3.“The Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry Changsha Engineering Company”, China Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute, October 2006)4.Official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau concerning the standard for the Project’s environmental impact assessment;5.Assessment Consignment Letter and Contract;6.Other relevant documents provided by the construction contractor.1.3 EIA Goals and Principles1.3.1 EIA GoalsBased on the collected existing data and the current situation and the characteristics of the environment of the Project area through onsite investigation and monitoring, as well as the relevant techniques, pollutants generation points and the situation of pollutants emission after commissioning obtained through data analysis and similar project survey, the fundamental analysis on the Project’s environmental impact assessment shall be conducted for predicting the degree and scope of environmental impact on the peripheral environment caused by the production activities after the Project construction, so as to certify whether the Project construction complies with the national environmental protection policies and testify the environmental practicability of the Project and the feasibility and reasonability of the environmental protection measures, based on which the recommendations for pollution prevention, control and reduction shall be proposed and the design of environmental protection measures and environmental management shall be conducted.1.3.2 EIA Principles1.Implement the principles of “Cleaner Production”, “Source Control” and “Environment Friendly” in conducting the Project analysis, so as to eliminate the generation and emission of pollutants. Implement the principles of “Up-to-Standard Emission” and “Aggregate Pollutants Control” based on the applicable regulations on the management of engineering environmental protection;2.Through Project analysis, material balance analysis and water balance analysis, calculate the amount of pollutants emission and propose environmental protection measures that are technically practical and economically reasonable, in addition, based on up-to-standard emission and aggregate pollutants control, conduct prediction on environmental impacts and analysis on the degree and scope of environmental impacts caused by the technology reform engineering, so as to provide explicit EIA conclusions on the Project’s offsite technology reform.1.4 EIA Classification and Scope1.4.1 Classification and Scope of Ambient Air AssessmentAccording to the Project analysis, the technology reform is to be conducted on the bleaching process of the reed pulp making system without any need for increasing the thermal load, since the Company’s Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, so there is no addition of thermal supply and coal consumption. Meanwhile, the technology reform is to be conducted on the existing Bleaching Unit of the Reed Pulp Making Room, the Project construction will not cause generation of atmospheric pollutants, therefore, the assessment on the ambient air shall be a general assessment.The EIA scope of atmospheric environment is: an area of 3×3km2 around the Reed Pulp Making Room with the dominating wind direction as the main axis.1.4.2 Assessment Level and Scope of Water Environment1.Surface WaterThe wastewater generated is mainly from the Reed Pulp Making Room and Oxygen Preparation Unit, after the technology reform of the Reed Pulp Making System, the genertion of wastewater from the whole Plant shall be 85956.8m3/d, to be discharged after being treated at the Sewage Treatmetn Station to remove the pollution factors such as COD, BOD5 and SS. According to the regulations of the “Guidelines” (HJ/T2.3-93), the impact assessment level of water environment is illustrated in Table 1-1.Table 1-1 Classification of Impact Assessment Level of Water EnvironmentItemContentClassification ResultWastewater discharge Qp85956.8m3/d20000≤QpPollution degree of wastewater (water quality)Pollutant type: Type 1SimpleSize of pollutants-containing waterYangtze RiverMajor riverQuality requirement for surface waterAccorinding to GB3838-2002Type IIIEIA levelBased on HJ/T2.3-93 Guidelines for Level IIAccording to the principles for assessment level classification as specified in the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water Environment”, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level II.Assessment scope of water environment: 0.5km upstream and 10km downstream to the wastewater outlets of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd along Yangtze River, 10.5km in total.2. GroundwaterAccording to the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Groundwater Environment” (HJ610-2011), the Project is located in a non-sensitive area of groundwater environment, The anti-pollution performance of the unsaturated zone of the Project site is medium, the aquifer is not easy to get polluted, the wastewater discharge ≥100,000,000m3/d, the volume of wastewater discharged is high and the complexity of the water quality is medium, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.1.4.3 Assessment Level and Scope of Acoustic EnvironmentThe acoustic environment impact during the Project construction period is mainly the noise caused by mechanical operation and vehicle driving, and the impact during the Project commissioning is mainly from equipment noise. The acoustic function zone within the scope of the Project impact is classified as Type 3 Zone according to the Standard of GB3096-2008, the influenced population after the Project construction is minor, and the increase of noise is less than 3dB(A) compared to the value monitored previous to the construction. According to applicable regulations as specified in the “Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment” (HJ/T2.4-1995), the Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.Assessment scope of acoustic environment: within 1m along the Plant boundary.1.4.4 Level and Scope of Risk Assessment1.Assessment LevelAccording to the method specified in the “Technical Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004) and the “Identification of Major Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218-2009), the materials stored in the storehouses and being used at the production lines have not reached the critical volume of reserve, i.e., ∑qi/Qi=0.1<1, which means there is no major source of risks existing in the production facilities. The Project is located within the Plant area and it is not a sensitive zone, therefore the assessment of environmental risks is classified as Level II.2.Assessment ScopeThe scope of risk assessment of atmospheric environment is defined as an area with a radius of 3km centered around the Project construction.1.5 Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment1.5.1 Key Tasks for Environmental Impact AssessmentAccording to the characteristics of pollutants emission caused by the Project construction and the Plant area environment, the key tasks for the environmental impact assessment include:1. Investigate the situation of water pollutants discharge from the existing project and define the relationship between the technology reform project and the existing project, calculate the source intensity based on pulp-water balance. Based on the prediction of water environment impact and the demand of cleaner production and regional aggregate pollutants discharge, optimize the measures of water pollution control, so as to realize an increase of production without causing pollution increase;2. Conduct assessment of cleaner paper production;3. Conduct analysis on the coordination between the Project construction and the regional loading capacity of resources and environment.1.5.2 Assessment MethodsThe methods adopted in the Project’s environmental impact assessment include data collection and analysis, onsite investigation and test and analogy analysis, the relevant guidelines have been strictly followed for providing complete and detailed information and making effective measures and feasible recommendations, so as to provide necessary support, reference and guidance to the continuous and long term development of the Industry Park. Specifically, the EIA methods used for the Project are as follows:1.Conduct all-around investigation on the environmental situation and pay attention to the universality and representativeness of the investigation content.2.Conduct complete and deepening investigation on the existing project and certify the situation of pollutants emission and treatment based on the monitoring of the pollution sources, so as to discover and illustrate the existing problems.3.Estimate the situation of pollutants emission from the Project construction based on the data on similar projects and detailed project analysis and conduct comparative analysis on the situation of pollutants emission related to the existing project and the technology reform project.4.Conduct prediction on the environmental impacts by using the mode recommended in the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment” and ensure the correct and reliable prediction results.5.Based on the methods recommended in the Guidelines and the benchmark for regionalization of environmental functions and environmental quality at concerned points, define the environmental capacity and aggregate pollutants control needed for the Company development and propose the pollution control plan.1.6 Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points1.6.1 Environmental Protection GoalsEnvironmental protection goals for the Project of technology reform are listed in Table 1-2.Table 1-2 Environmental Protection GoalsNo.ItemEnvironmental Protection Goals1Eco-environmentProtect the ecological functions of the Project area as well as the important targets of ecological protection, such as nature reserves and biodiversity, etc., there is no existence of nature reserves within the assessment scope.2Water environmentEnsure the water quality of the receiving water (Yangtze River) meet the function requirement3Atmospheric environmentProtect the residential areas, schools and villages inside the assessment area4Acoustic environmentEnsure the noise monitored at the Plant boundary meet the requirement for functional zones1.6.2 Environmental Sensitive PointsThe environmental sensitive points of the technology reform Project are listed in Table 1-3.Table 1-3 Main Environmental Sensitive Points of the ProjectItemEnvironmental Protection TargetSizeRelative Position and DistanceRemarksAmbient airResidential area of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., LtdResidential area, 3,000 households, 14,000 peopleS, 1kmGB3095-96, Type II zoneResidential area of Huaneng Yueyang Power PlantResidential area, 1,500 households, 6,000 peopleE, 1.5kmSongyanghu FarmResidential area, 2,000 households, 10,000 peopleNE, 6kmYueyanglouScenic spotSW, 9.5kmGB3095-96, Type I zoneWater environmentYangtze River--W, 100mGB3838-2002, Type III zoneAcoustic environmentResidential area of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., LtdResidential area, 3,000 households, 14,000 peopleS, 1kmGB3096-93, Type III zoneResidential area of Huaneng Yueyang Power PlantResidential area, 1,500 households, 6,000 peopleE, 1.5kmGB3096-93, Type III zone1.7 Assessment Standards1.7.1 Assessment Standard of Environmental Quality1.7.1.1 Quality Standard for Ambient AirThe emission of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP shall implement the “Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996) and the Amendment List (January 6, 2000), i.e., Level II standard for the Project area and Level I standard for the area around Yueyanglou; the emission of H2S and NH3 shall implement the standard specified in Table 1 of the “Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010), i.e., the maximum limitsfor the concentration of hazardous substances in the air above residential area. The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-4.Table 1-4 LimitsValue of Quality Standard for Ambient AirPollutantPeriodLimitsValue of Concentration (mg/Nm3)BasisLevel I StandardLevel II StandardSO2Annual average,daily average,hourly average0.020.050.150.060.150.50“Quality Standard for Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996) and the Amendment ListTSPAnnual average,daily average0.080.120.200.30PM10Annual average,daily average0.040.050.100.15NO2Annual average,daily average,hourly average0.040.080.120.080.120.24H2SOnce0.01“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010), maximum limitsfor the concentration of hazardous substances in the air above residential areaNH3Once0.201.7.1.2 Quality Standard for Surface WaterThe receiving water of the Project construction is the Yangtze River, according to “Hunan Province Regionalization of Surface Water Environmental Functions for Major Water Systems” and the Amendment List I (April 2, 2007), the assessment of the water quality of Yangtze River shall implement the Type III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002), the limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-5.Table 1-5 Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002)Monitoring ItemLimitsValue (mg/L, except for pH value)Type IIType IIIWater temperature (℃)The variation of ambient water temperature caused by human activities should be limited at:Maximum weekly temperature increase ≤1Maximum weekly temperature decrease≤2pH value (no dimension)6~9Dissolved oxygen ≥65COD ≤1520Permanganate index ≤46BOD5 ≤34NH3-N ≤0.51.0Total nitrogen (reservoirs, lakes, calculated as “N”)0.51.0Total phosphor (calculated as “P”) ≤0.1 (lakes and reservoirs, 0.025)0.2 (lakes and reservoirs, 0.05)Oils0.050.05Sulfide0.10.2Cyanide ≤0.050.2Volatile phenol ≤0.0020.005As ≤0.050.05Hg ≤0.000050.0001Cr(6) ≤0.050.05Cu ≤1.01.0Pb ≤0.010.05Cd ≤0.0050.0051.7.1.3 Quality Standard for GroundwaterThe quality assessment of groundwater shall implement the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Groundwater” (GB/T14848-93), used as the benchmark for human health in the assessment of collective sources of drinking water and industrial and agricultural water. The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-6.Table 1-6 LimitsValues for Groundwater Quality Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)ItemType IType IIType IIIType IVType VpH6.5～8.55.5～6.58.5～9<5.5, >9NH3-H≤0.02≤0.02≤0.2≤0.5>0.5Nitrate≤2.0≤5.0≤20≤30>30Nitrite≤0.001≤0.01≤0.02≤0.1>0.1Volatile phenol (calculated as phenol)≤0.001≤0.001≤0.002≤0.01>0.01Cyanide≤0.001≤0.01≤0.05≤0.1>0.1As≤0.005≤0.01≤0.05≤0.05>0.05Hg≤0.00005≤0.0005≤0.001≤0.001>0.001Cr6+≤0.005≤0.01≤0.05≤0.1>0.1Total rigidity (calculated as CaCO3)≤150≤300≤450≤550>550Pb≤0.005≤0.01≤0.05≤0.1>0.1Fluoride≤1.0≤1.0≤1.0≤2.0>2.0Cd≤0.0001≤0.001≤0.01≤0.01>0.01Fe≤0.1≤0.2≤0.3≤1.5>1.5Mn≤0.05≤0.05≤0.1≤1.0>1.0Soluble total solid≤300≤500≤1000≤2000>2000Permanganate index≤1.0≤2.0≤3.0≤10>10Sulfate≤50≤150≤250≤350>350Chloride≤50≤150≤250≤350>350Total coli group≤3.0≤3.0≤3.0≤100>1001.7.1.4 Quality Standard for Acoustic EnvironmentThe Plant area, where the technology reform is going to be conducted, is located in the industrial area, the assessment of the acoustic environment around the Plant boundary shall implement the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3096-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-7. Table 1-7 Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment Unit: Leq[dB(A)]TypeDaytimeNighttimeIII65551.7.2 Standard for Pollutants Emission1.7.2.1 Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants1.Self-provided Thermal Power StationThe assessment of waste gas emission from the incineration in 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# Boilers shall implement the “Requirement for Phase II Emission Control of Coal-Fired Boilers in Built and Planned Urban Areas At or Above County Level Concerning ‘Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants” (GB13223-2003). The assessment of emission of waste gas from the two sets of 260t/h Boilers shall implement Phase III Emission Standard for Coal-Fired Boilers. The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-8.Table 1-8 “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” Phase III Coal-Fire BoilerMaximum Allowed Concentration of Pollutants Emission (mg/m3)Blackness Degree of Flue Gas(Lingerman Blackness, Grading)PeriodPhase IIPhase IIIImplementation PeriodJan 1, 2005Jan 1, 2010Jan 1, 2015Jan 1, 2004Jan 1, 2004Dust2005050501.0SO212001200400400NOx650650650(Vdaf>20%)2.Alkali Recovery BoilerThe assessment of waste gas from the Alkali Recovery Boiler shall implement the Level II standard as specified in Table 2 of the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-9.Table 1-9 Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants (Table 2), Level IIPollutantMaximum Allowed Concentration of Pollutants Emission (mg/m3)Emission Rate at 80m Chimney (kg/h)Dust120151SO2550110NOx240313.ParticulatesThe assessment of particulates emission shall implement the Level II standard as specified in the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-10.Table 1-10 “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants”, Level IIPollutantMaximum Allowed Concentration of Pollutants Emission (mg/m3)Maximum Allowed Rate of Pollutants Emission (kg/h)LimitsValue of Monitored Concentration for Fugitive Emission (mg/m3)Particulates1203.5 (15m)1.0 (maximum concentration at Plant boundary)4. StinkThe assessment of fugitive emission of stink pollutants shall implement the Level II standard for construction and extension of plant boundary as specified in the “Emission Standard of Stink Pollutants” (GB16279-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-11.Table 1-11 “Emission Standard of Stink Pollutants”, Level IIStandard for Construction and Extension of Plant BoundaryPollutantUnitLimitsValue for Construction and ExtensionAmmoniamg/m31.5Hydroen sulfidemg/m30.06Stink concentrationNo dimension201.7.2.2 Discharge Standard of Water PollutantsThe assessment of the discharge of wastewater shall implement the standard as specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-12.Table 1-12 “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008) Table 2Production TypePulp & Paper ManufacturerLimitsvalue1pH value6～92Chroma (dilution times)503SS (mg/L)304BOD5, (mg/L)205CODCr, (mg/L)906NH3-H (mg/L)87Total nitrogen (mg/L)128Total phosphor (mg/L)0.89AOX (mg/L)1210Dioxin (pgTEQ/L)30Benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product, t/t (pulp)40Instructions:1. The AOX and dioxin indices are applicable to chlorine-containing bleaching process.2. The volume of pulp is based on the calculation of absolute dry pulp.3. The actual volume of wastewater discharge per unit product for pulp & paper manufacturers shall be verified against the sum of self-produced pulp and purchased pulp.4. For enterprises where the proportion of self-produced pulp accounting for over 80% of total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product is 20t/t (pulp).5. For enterprises where the proportion of bleached non-wood pulp accounting for over 60% of the total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product is 60t/t (pulp).1.7.2.3 Noise Emission StandardThe noise emission during the Project construction should meet the “Noise Limitsfor Construction Site” (GB12523-90). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-14.Table 114 “Noise Limits for Construction Site”Construction PhaseMain Sources of Noise EmissionLimitsValue dB(A)DaytimeNighttimeEarth and rock engineeringBulldozer, Excavator, Loader, etc.7555Pile drivingVarious type of Piler Drivers85Construction not permittedStructuringConcrete blender, vibrator, electric saw,etc.7055DecoratingCrane, elevator, etc.6555The assessment of noise emission during the Project construction shall implement the “Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-15.Table 115 “Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise”TypeDaytimeNighttimeIII65551.7.2.4 Discharge Standard of Solid WasteThe assessment of solid waste storage site shall implement the “Pollution Control Standard for Storage and Disposal Site of General Industrial Solid Waste” (GB18599-2001); the assessment of domestic waste treatment shall implement the “Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfilling” (GB16889-2008).1.8 Technical Route for Environmental Impact AssessmentPreliminary analysis of existing production capacityCollection of applicable policies & regulationsOnsite and preliminary investigationIdentification of main environmental impacts and planning of assessment scope, contents, key tasks and methodsExamination and approvalEnvironmental capacity & aggregate controlPrediction & assessment of environmental impactsEnvironmental pollution control measures & recommendationsPublic participationEnvironmental management & monitoring planCompilation of the Project construction environmental impact reportReview & submission for approvalSurvey of natural and social environmentInvestigation and onsite monitoring of regional environmental quality Project construction analysisFigure 1-1 Technical Roadmap of Environmental Impact Assessment2 Analysis of Substitution Plan and Technology Reform Project2.1 Pre-Reform Overview2.1.1 Basic Facts of the CompanyYueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is an entity built on a land area of 3,920,000m2 with a labor force of 3,200 workers, including 213 technicians working at various processes, the total asset of the Company is RMB1.77bn. Since its foundation five decades ago, the Company has accumulated rich experience on production and project management and a team of skillful technicians and competent staff. The Company currently has one 70,000t/a chemical wood pulp production line and two sulfate reed pulp production lines with total capacity at 65,000t/a, two production lines of aspen chemi-mechanical pulp with total capacity at 135,000t/a and two production lines of deinked pulp with total capacity at 300,000t/a. The Company’s total pulp production capacity is 570,000t/a, the total paper production capacity is 800,000t/a, the total capacity of the self-provided Thermal Power Station is188MW, in addition to a complete system of water supply, wastewater discharge, mechanical and electronic equipment maintenance, storehouses at the dock and residence facilities. The main products include high-quality color printing newsprint, pigment offset paper, light-weight coating paper, light-weight printing paper, thermosensitive paper, etc.2.1.2 Compents of Existing ProjectThe existing project comprises the main body project, public utilities and storage and transportation facilities. See details in Table 2-1. In 2010, the Company’s production systems have all realized the planned productivity.Table 2-1 Components of the Existing ProjectItemProject ComponentContentsMain body projectPulp Making SystemTotal productivity of the Pulp Making System: 570,000t/a(1) Chemical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a① 1 old production line of sulfate wood pulp at 70,000t/a, adopting a 4-stage bleaching process (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment – hypochlorite bleaching – hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent washing;② 2 production lines of sulfate reed pulp at 65,000t/a, including 1 continuous cooking system and 1 intermittent cooking system, C-E-H-P 4-stage bleaching; countercurrent washing;(2) Chemi-mechanical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a2 production lines of aspen chemi-mechanical pulp at 135,000t/a, APMP process adopted for the old line and PRC-APMP process for the new one.(3) Deinked Pulp Making System, total productivity: 300,000t/a① 1 old production line of deinked pulp at 100,000t/a② 1 new production line of deinked pulp at 200,000t/aPaper Machine SystemPaper Machine System, total productivity at 800,000t/a①1# Paper Machine: width 3940mm, speed 400-700m/min, 70000t/a production of newsprint;②2# Paper Machine: width 1760mm, speed 220m/min, 10000t/a production of offset paper; ③3# Paper Machine: width 3800mm, speed 800-900m/min, 100000t/a production of pigment offset paper, industrial film spraying base paper, light-weight offset paper and notebook paper; ④4#, 5# Paper Machines: width 2362mm, speed 220m/min, 20000t/a production of offset paper; ⑤6# Paper Machine: width 1575mm, speed 200m/min, 10000t/a production of corrugated paper; (6# Paper Machine has been outsourced to another Antai company)⑥8# Paper Machine: width 6400mm, speed 1600m/min, 200000t/a production of newsprint;⑦9# Paper Machine: width 5280mm, speed 1300m/min, 200000t/a production of high-quality printing paper; ⑧10# Paper Machine: width 5280mm, speed 1300m/min, 200000t/a production of environment-friendly printing paper; Alkali Recovery System2 sets of Alkali Recovery Boilers for black liquid treatment at 270t/d and 530t/d respectively, over 85% of black liquid extraction and over 80% alkali recovery;Each equipped with 2-Row 5-Field Dust Collector, efficiency of dust collection at 99%;1 set of white sludge recovery system, reuse rate of white sludge at 86% Public utilitiesThermal Power RoomTotal capacity of thermal power boilers: 3×150 t/h+1×130 t/h+2×260 t/h, capacity of power generation by steam turbine generator unit: 1×12MW＋1×6MW+2×25MW+2×60MW =188MW; Electrostatic dust collectors installed in 4 sets of old Boilers, Baghouse dust collectors installed in 2 set of new Boilers, both equipped with external desulphurization unit.Water Treatment PlantProduction-use water supplied by Water Treatment Plant with water pumped from Yangtze River, designed capacity of water extraction and water treatment at 250000 m3/d and 140000 m3/d respectively;Water consumption by workers for domestic use supplied by municipal water supply pipelines.Wastewater Treatment Station4 sets of Wastewater Treatment Systems, total treatment capacity: 100000m3/d, to be discharged to Yangtze River after treatment.① Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System (Paques IC + 1 new System), designed capacity of wastewater treatment at 18000m3/d, to be filled into the Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of Pulp Making System;Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of White Water Recovery System, designed capacity at 40000m3/d;Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit, designed capacity at 60000m3/d;Super-Effect Shallow-Floatation 3-Stage Treatmetn Unit, designed capacity at 60000m3/d, mainly for treatment of wastewater from the Middle-Stage Aerobic Treatment Unit.Storage and transportation facilitiesDock2 docks, each with 5,000t of berth capacityCoal Storage SiteBuilding area approximately 10000m2, coal storage at 70000t for 30 days of useWaste Paper StorehouseWaste paper storage for 20 days of use, building area: 600m2Chemicals StorehouseBuilding area: 300m2Finished Products StorehouseStorage for 90 days of use, building area: 1000m2Reed StockpileStorage for 90 days of use, building area: 100000m2Wood StockpileStorage for 90 days of use, building area: 50000m22.1.3 Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary MaterialsThe consumption of main raw and auxiliary materials for the Project construction is listed in Table 2-2.Table 2-2 Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary MaterialsNo.Raw/Auxiliary MaterialAnnual Consumption (t/a)Consumption Per Unit Product (t/adt)RemarksIChemical Wood Pulp Room1Wood material (absolute dry)1632402.3322Alkali363300.5193Liquid chlorine48300.0694Lime17500.0255Hydrogen peroxide7000.0106Sodium silicate4200.0067Sulfamic acid1400.0028Water329000047.09Electricity (kWh)16165800000230.9410Steam (GJ)4537406.482IIChemical Reed Pulp Room1Reed material1404002.162Alkali228800.3523Liquid chlorine20800.0324Lime18200.0285Hydrogen peroxide650.0016Water359992055.387Electricity (kWh)11862500000182.58Steam (GJ)3965006.1IIIChemi-mechanical Pulp Room1Aspen material1305450.9672Aspen wood pieces211950.1573Timber pieces14850.0114Liquid alkali (kg)945918070.0685Hydrogen peroxidekg801009059.3346Sodium silicatekg439195532.5337Magnesium sulfate (kg)2346301.7388Sulphuric acid (kg)5128653.7999Water243000018.010Electricity (kWh)23599.811748.13411Steam (GJ)1436401.064IVDeinked Pulp Production Line1Concentrated sulfuric acid6600.00222Caustic soda36000.0123Hydrogen peroxide42000.0144Sodium silicate120000.0405Deinking agent15000.0056Bentonite12000.0047Poly A600.00028FAS10200.00349Hydrochloric acid4.50.00001510Saponite24000.00811Imported enzynme450.0001512Waste paper4185001.39513Water15000005.014Electricity (kWh)9173100000305.7715Steam (GJ)7740002.58VPaper Machine Room1Deinked pulp187000Chemi-mechanical pulp136000Chemical reed pulp61200Chemical wood pulp680002Calcium carbonate (kg)24000303Cation starch (kg)12000154Caustic soda (NaOH) (kg)20002.55Bentonite (kg)20002.56Alum (kg)19200247Retention aid (kg)4000.58Stabilizer (kg)9601.29Other types of chemical solutions (kg)5200.65510Polyester Net (m2)200000.02511Dry net (m2)320000.0412Felt (kg)320.0413Packing material3200414Water (m3)9.6×1061215Electricity (kWh)4.1×10851016Steam1.32×1061.65Parameters for Quality Analysis of Coal MaterialCoal is used as the fuel for thermal power generation, and the annual consumption of coal material is 720000t, mainly the smoke-free coal from Fengjie County, Chongqing City. The data obtained based on coal quality analysis are: dust 35.96%, water 6.77%, volatile phenol 6.07%, sulfur＜1%, low-heat value 18170KJ/kg. The transportation of coal material is done by train, and the existing Coal Storage Site is capable for meeting the demand.2.1.4 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities2.1.4.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge1.Water Supply SystemThe water consumption by Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd for production use is from a Pump Houste built at the side of Yangtze River with the designed capacity at 250000m3/d, and the Water Treatment Plant is designed at a capacity of 140000m3/d. The water is used for: Pulp Making System, Paper Machine Room and Thermal Power Station; the total consumption of water is 125929m3/d, supplied by the Water Treatment Plant. The consumption of water by the existing project is illustrated in Table 2-3.Table 2-3 Data Sheet of Water Consumption by the Existing ProjectNo.Production Unit / WorkshopConsumption of Clear Water (m3/d)Remarks1Pulp Making SystemBleached chemical reed pulp105882Bleached chemical wood pulp96763Alkali recovery136805Aspen chemi-mechanical pulp71476Deinked pulp128557Paper Machine System1# Paper Machine Room794182# Paper Machine Room140193# Paper Machine Room7034104# Paper Machine Room1997115# Paper Machine Room1040126# Paper Machine Room10102137# Paper Machine Room1411814Thermal Power Boiler, water addition2130Thermal Power Station, circulation cooling water addition15650Thermal Power Station, industrial use572015Water Treatment Plant360016Wastewater Treatment Station125017Total125929Wastewater Discharge SystemThe wastewater is mainly from the Pulp Making System and Paper Machine Room, as well as wastewater from dust collection at the Boilers Room, sewage water from domestic use and water from floor washing, all of which to be discharged at a rate of 90000m3/d.The discharge of wastewater was conducted by following the principle of “Separate Outflow of Clear Water and Contaminated Water”: domestic sewage water to be discharged to the Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit; rainwater to be collected and discharged directly into the ditches nearby; production wastewater to be discharged after treatment at the Wastewater Treatment Station, an automatic online monitoring system has been installed at the final outlet for monitoring of CODcr, pH value and flow volume; white water from Paper Machine Room to be recycled at Multi-Plate Recovery Unit and reused at Pulp Making Room, with the extra to be discharged to Aerobic Wastewater Treatmetn System; contaminated condensate water from Alkali Recovery Room to be reused at Wet-Process Material Prepartion Unit of Reed Pulp Making Room. The process flow of wastewater generation and treatment is shown in Figure 2-1. The balance of water supply and wastewater discharge previous to the technology reform is illustrated in Figure 2-2.Reused after multi-plate filterDischarge of clarified waterAsh sluicing waterWastewater dischargeReed slag washing waterSlag washing water, accidentally released waterExcessive water dischargeMiddle-stage wastewaterChemical Reed Pulp Making RoomChemical Wood Pulp Making RoomChemi-mechanical Pulp Making RoomOld Deinked Pulp Making RoomNew Deinked Pulp Making Room1# Paper Machine Room2# Paper Machine Room3# Paper Machine Room4# Paper Machine Room6# Paper Machine Room7# Paper Machine RoomThermal Power StationWater Supply RomAlkali Recovery RoomAnaerobic Wastewater Treatmetn SystemAerobic Treatment System (I)Thin black liquidThin black liquidPluverized Coal TankLevel III Vapor Flotation SystemAerobic Treatment System (II)Figure 2-1 Process Flow of Pre-reform Wastewater Generation & Treatment2.1.4.2 Thermal Power StationThe Thermal Power Station is the facility for supplying steam and power for the whole Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. The system of the Station is composed by the Coal Storage Site, the Coal Transportation System, the Soft Water Preparation System, the Coal-Fired Boilers, the Steam Turbine Generator Unit, the Cooling Water System, the Dust Collection System, the Desulphurization System and the Dust/Slag Treatment System. The equipments and facilities are listed in Table 2-4.Table 2-4 Equipments Installed at Thermal Power Station of Yueyang Forest & PaperEquipmentModelQuantityProductBoiler2×UG-260/9.8-M, 1×WGZ-150/3.82-III1×CG-150/3.82-M, 1×UG-130/3.82-M71×WGZ 150/3.82-36Steam, electricitySteam Turbine2×CC60-8.83/1.32/0.69, 1×C12-35/101×B6-35/5, 1×C25-3.43/0.49, 1×C25-3.43/0.49-26Power Generator2×50WX18Z-054LLT, 1×QF2-12-21×TQC2-6-2, 1×QF-30-2, 1×QFW-30-2A6Transformer2×SZ9-25000/110, 2×SF11-75000/352×SFZ11-25000/35, 7×SGB10-1250/101×SG-1000, 1×SG6-630, 1×SG7-630/0.41×S7-800, 1×SCR9-630/6, 1×S10-Mb-10001×S9-800/6.3, 1×SJL2-750/6, 1×SFZ11-10000/3522Water Circulation Pump3×800S-22, 4×EOTS800-32A7Water Supply Pump6×DG150-59, 3×DG300-10×59Boiler Fan(main fan)4×VR65IIN1G0KK2100, 2×VR58IIIS1B0RK22402×VR65IIN1B0RK1680, 4×Y4-73-13No:16D2×Y4-73-13No:15D, 2×Y4-73-11No:14D2×G4-73-11No:14D, 1×G4-73-13No:16D1×G4-73-13No:15D, 4×M9-19-11NO:16D2×M9-26-11No:14D, 2×M9-29No:14D28Ball GrinderDTM250/3908Cooling Tower2×10NH-4000, 4×NH-5250×46Dust Collector2×BE132-3 Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE80-3 Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE95-3 Electrostatic Dust Collector, 2×MBC10000 Impulse-Type Baghouse Dust Collector6Desulphurization SystemOutside Boiler Wet Process (1×Lime Process, 1×Limestone Process)22.1.5 Production ProcessesThe total capacity of the existing 7 production lines of bleached chemical wood pulp, bleached chemical reed pulp, mechanical wood pulp, aspen chemi-mechanical pulp and deinked pulp is 570,000t/a, used for producing newsprint, low-basis-weight coating paper and corrugated paper, etc.2.1.5.1 Pulp Making System1.Production Line of Chemical Reed PulpThe total capacity of the 2 production lines of chemical reed pulp, 1 old and 1 new, is 65,000t/a. The difference between the old and the new production lines is the adoption of different material preparation and cooking processes, the reed pulp washing is integrated into the system after spraying. The production process is as follows: the transportation of reeds by a flatcar along the ligh rail from the Reed Stockpile to the Material Preparation Unit, artificial unloading of reeds to the Belt Converyor, cutting into reed pieces (length≤40mm, qualified rate＞80％) by the Reed Cutter. Old Reed Pulp Line: collection of dust from the reed pieces by a Clyclone Separator, screening of sand and marrows by a Rotary Screen, removal of reed leaves and film by a Louver Dust Remover, then the qualified reed pieces shall be sent by the Belt Conveyor to the Material Tanks (2×158m3) of the Cooking Unit, where the pieces are separtately loaded into the Vertical Cooking Boilers (2×110m3) with addition of steam and alkali liquid for cooking, after which be sprayed by the Sprayer to form sulfate reed pulp. New Reed Pulp Line: removal of dust, sand, marrows, reed leaves and film from the reed pieces by a Hydraulic Washer, after which be pumped into the Continuous Cooking Tube with addition of water, then the black liquid from the Cooking Unit shall be replaced by the black liquid from the Pulp Washing Unit, then be cooled down and sprayed into sulfate reed pulp. For both old and new Reed Pulp Lines: washing of reed pulp for complete separation of reed pulp and black liquid, the extracted black liquid shall be sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for alkali recovery, the coarse pulp after washing shall go through the Pressure Screen for screening and concentration and then 4-stage bleaching: (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment (or alkali treatment consolidated by hydrogen peroxide) – hypochlorite bleaching – hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent washing, finally the bleached pulp with certain degree of whiteness is ready to be used by Paper Machine. The flow of main production processes is illustrated in Figure 2-3.●Slag pulpHot water to Pulp Washer●Reed slag★Slag-flushing waterReedAcid bleaching solution,Alkali bleacing solutionBlack liquid to Chemical Reed●Pulp slagContaminated condensate water▲Waste steamChemi-alkali preparationReed CuttingSeperation & ScreeningIntermittent Cooking TankSprayerVibration ScreenBoard-Type Heat ExchangerPulp WasherScreen●Reed slag★Slag-flushing waterReedReplacement black liquidChemi-alkali preparationReed CuttingHydraulic Reed WasherContinuous Cooking TubeSprayerSqueezer4-Stage Bleaching Unit★Middle-stage wastewaterWhite Pulp TankOld LineSolid waste generation pointWastewater generation point▲ Waste gas generation pointNew LineFigure 2-3 Process Flow of Chemical Reed Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation Points2.Production Line of Chemical Wood PulpThe production line of chemical wood pulp is an old line adopting the process of sulfate pulp making for producing bleached wood pulp, after several times of technology reform, the production capacity has reached 70000t/a. Primary process flow: the wood pieces of masson pine formed after peeling and chipping are directly fed into the Re-shredder to be shredded into qualified pieces (16-40mm, ≥60％), which shall be fed into 5×75m3 Vertical Cooking Tanks for sulfate cooking to remove the lignin and resin substance and then be sprayed to get the coarse pulp; after countercurrent washing at Rectangular Pulp Washer and Grinding Washer, the extracted high-concentration black liquid is sent to Alkali Recovery Room, while the washed coarse pulp shall go through pressure screening and CEpHP bleaching and be sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for temporary storage, then it shall be used for the Paper Making System. The main process flow is shows in Figure 2-4.Acid bleaching solution,Alkali bleaching solutionBlack liquid to Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room●Pulp slagCondensate water▲Collection of waste steamAbies oilChemi-alkali preparationPurchased wood chipsWoodPeeling & ChippingScreen & Fan●Barks●SawdustCookingSprayerKnotterBoard-Type Heat Exchanger★Contaminated hot waterWashed Pulp SqueezerCountercurrent Washing★Middle-stage wastewaterWhite Pulp TankSolid waste generation pointWastewater generation point▲ Waste gas generation pointFigure 2-4 Process Flow of Chemical Wood Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation PointsProduction Line of Chemi-mechanical PulpThere are two production lines of chemi-mechanical pulp, APMP process is adopted at the old production line and PRC-APMP is adopted at the new one. Both lines are equipped with complete equipments imported from abroad, thus making it a leading role in China’s chemic-mechanical pulp making, especially the multi-stage bleaching process adopted at the new production line is a guarantee for the pulp whiteness, which is much better than Old line: production capacity at 30000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room and then into 7 Grinders for grinding, after which the pulp goes through 3 Horizontal Vibration Screens and then the CX Screen and then Slag Remover; after pulp concentration by Rotary Net Condenser and tail pulp treatment by 4 Plate Grinders, the natural color pulp is sent from Double-Net Condenser to a 45m3 Downflow Bleaching Tower where hydrogen peroxide and NaOH is added for bleaching, the bleached pulp is then sent to the 150m3 Pulp Storage Tank to be used for paper making at Paper Machine System.New line: production capacity at 105000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room for preliminary steaming and washing (with added hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, magnesium sulfate, DTPA and clear water), then the units/processes of 2-Stage Grinder, Plate Grinder (chemical treatment), High-Concentration Reaction Tower, secondary grinding, latency pulping, post grinding anc screening, the qualified pulp is finally produced for being used at Paper Machine System. The specific process flow is illustrated in Figure 2-5.The process of pulp making at the new line is basically similar to that of the old line, pollutants discharge is mainly from the grinding and dehydrating units as well. The difference is that a plate grinding process is added in the new line with a new bleaching unit installed, so the whiteness of the chemi-mechanical pulp is better controlled. The chart of process flow and pollutants discharge points for the old production line is omitted here. The process flow and pollutants discharge points of the new production line of chemi-mechanical pulp is isslustrated in Figure 2-5.Production Line of Deinked PulpThere are two production lines of deinked pulp, the old and new lines are advanced ones in China’s deinked pulp making, especially the new line which has been commissioning since the construction was finished in 2009, the installation of the complete equipment of Andritz Paper Machine has greatly reduced the generation of wastewater. The specific process is as follows:Old line: designed production capacity at 100000t/a. The waste paper is sent by Chain Board Conveyor to the Rotary Drum Pulper, after which the pulp is fed into the bottom Pulp Tank, part of the pulp is sent to the High-Concentration Slag Remover and then mixed with the rest pulp and sent to Tier1 3-Stage Coarse Screen Unit and then Tier 1 3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, after which the pulp is sent to the 2-Stage Pre-floatation Screen to remove the ink, then the coarse pulp is sent to a 4-Stage Sand Remover for sand removal and then Material Supply Tank and Tier 1 3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, then the pulp shall go through the Multi-Plate Condenser, Double-Roller Grinder and Thermal Disperser, after which it is pumped into the High-Concentration Bleaching Tower with hydrogen peroxide added for bleaching, then the bleached pulp is sent to the 2-Stage Post-floatation Screen for advanced ink removal, and then the Post Multi-Plate Condenser and the Double-Net Pulp Washer, finally the deinked pulp is transported to the Pulp Storage Tower waiting to be used at the Paper Machine Room. The specific process is illustrated in Figure 2-6.New line: designed production capacity at 200000t/a. After selection at the Waste Paper Stockpile , the waste pater is transported by the Forklift Truck to the Deinked Pulp Making Room, where the paper is fed into the Hydraulic Pulper by a Chain Board Conveyor, then be pumped to the High-Concentration Sand Remover to remove the cobbles, sand, fiber and slabs, then goes through a 3-Stage Coarse Screen for preliminary selection and a Low-Concentration Sand Remover for removal of fine sand, then the Pre-floatation Screen for ink removal and the Fine Screen for screening, and after going through the Multi-Plate Condenser for concentration, the pulp shall be sent to the Thermal Disperser where the sticky substances shall be dispersed into fine particles, after which the pulp shall go through hydrogen peroxide bleaching and be sent to Post-floatation Screen for ink removal, and then another round of concentration inside the Multi-Plate Condenser and then the final bleaching, the pulp is finally sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for temporary storage and then be sent to the Paper Machine Room. The main process flow of the Deinked Pulp Making Room is illustrated in Figure 2-6.Hydrogen peroxide★High-concentration wastewater from SqueezerHydrogen peroxide●Sawdust●BarksHydrogen peroxide★High-concentration wastewater from SqueezerHydrogen peroxidePurchased wood chipsWoodPeeling & ChippingScreen & FanWood Chips WashingPre-cookingStage I Squeezing, Pre-soaking, ReactionStage I Squeezing, ReactionStage II Squeezing★Slag-flushing waterDouble-Plate SqueezingStage II Squeezing, Pre-soaking, Reaction★High-concentration wastewater from SqueezerSealed ScreeningMulti-Plate CondenserWhite Pulp Tank●Slag pulpDdhydration, Plate-Type Grinder grinding, ScreeningSolid waste generation pointWastewater generation point▲ Waste gas generation pointFigure 2-5 Process Flow of Chemi-mechanical Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation Points●Scum●Pulp slag●Impurities●Impurities●Pulp slag●Pulp slag★Middle-stage wastewater Bleaching solution●Pulp slag Bleaching solution●Pulp slagWhite water recycledWaste paperPulperHigh-Concen. Slag Remover●ImpuritiesCoarse ScreenFloatation CellLow-Concen. Slag RemoverFine ScreenMulti-Plate Condenser★Middle-stage wastewaterBleaching Tower●ImpuritiesPulp WasherReduction BleachingWhite Pulp Tank Bleaching solution Bleaching solutionWhite water reccledWaste paperPulperHigh-Concen. Slag RemoverCoarse Screen, Slotted ScreenSlag RemoverFloatation CellSlotted ScreenMulti-Plate CondenserScreezer Heat DispersingFloatation, Slag RemovalMulti-Plate CondenserScreezer Heat DispersingBleachingFloataton, Multi-PlateReduction BleachingWhite Pulp TankSolid waste generation pointWastewater generation point▲ Waste gas generation pointFigure 2-6 Process Flow of Deinked Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation Points2.1.5.2 Paper Machine RoomThe Company has 7 Paper Machine Rooms plus 1 Paper Product Processing Unit, the original 5# Paper Machine Room has been outsourced after reform, and the total productivity of the rest 6 Paper Machine Rooms is 800000t/a production of newsprint, low-basis-weight coating paper and corrugated paper by using self-produced and purchased pulp. The data on the productivity and product type of each Paper Machine Room are listed in Table 2-5.Table 2-5 Paper Making SystemNo.Paper Machine No.Type of Paper ProductProductivity (t/a)11# Paper MachineNewsprint7000022# Paper MachineOffset paper1000033# Paper MachinePigment offset paper, etc.10000044# 5# Paper MachinesOffset paper2000056# Paper MachineCorrugated paper1000068# Paper MachineNewsprint20000079#, 10# Paper MachinesEnvironment-friendly duplicating paper400000The paper product produced at each Paper Machine Room is different, but the production process is similar, mainly including Pulp Preparation, Pulp Purification, Paper Shaping at the Wire Former, Dehydration, Drying and Finishing. The main process flow is illustrated in Figure 2-7.Steam●Broke paperExcessive wastewater treatmentWhite water recycledPulp PreparationSand Removal●Sand pulpPulp Fluid Screen PavingSqueezingDryingCalendering, ReelingRe-reelingFinished Products To Storehouse★White water multi-plate recycleSolid waste generation pointWastewater generation point▲ Waste gas generation pointFigure 2-7 Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points2.1.5.3 Alkali Recovery RoomYueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has a Chemicals Workshop where black liquid from pulp making is recycled, the condensed black liquid after evaporation is to be used in the Alkali Recovery Boiler. The Alkali Recovery System includes 4 Evaporation Stations and 2 Alkali Recovery Boilers with the capacity at 270 t /d and 530 t /d respectively. The process of alkali recovery includes evaporation, incineration, causticization and lime recovery. The thin black liquid generated during pulp making shall be separated from the pulp, the extracted black liquid is then condensed inside the Evaporator and sent to the Alkali Recovery Boilers for incineration, which shall present ina melting stage after the organic substances has been burned out, then become green liquid after clarification; at this point the lime shall be added for causticization and the liquid shall become sodium hydroxide, after separation from the sedimentation of white sludge, the upper clear liquid of sodium hydroxide shall be sent back to the Pulp Making System to be reused for material preparation cooking; part of the white sludge is transported to the White Sludge Recovery System to be reused as filler, the unusuable white sludge shall be transported by a designated worker to the landfill for disposal. The flue gas from incineration at the Boilers enters into a 3-Field Electrostatic Dust Collector for dust removal, then released through the chimney. The main equipments of the Alkali Recovery System are listed in Table 2-6.Table 2-6 Main Equipments of Alkali Recovery SystemWorkshopEquipmentModelQuantityChemicals Workshop0# Evaporation UnitEvaporation area: 8000m212# Evaporation UnitEvaporation area: 2000m213# Evaporation UnitEvaporation area: 4000m214# Evaporation UnitEvaporation area: 12000m21530T BoilerDaily treatment of solid substance in black liquid: 530t1270T BoilerDaily treatment of solid substance in black liquid: 270t1CausticizationHourly treatment of green liquid: 80m31CausticizationHourly treatment of green liquid: 70m31Limestone kiln25t/d (operation stopped)2Limestone kiln60t/d (operation stopped)1White sludge recovery80t/d1The thin black liquid from the Pulp Making Room shall first go through a V-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator to condense it into a liquid with 48% solid content and then be sent to the Incineration Unit. The thick black liquid is condensed inside the Rotary Plate Evaporator to get liquid with at least 55% solid content, which shall be sent to the Spray-Type Alkali Recovery Boiler for incineration, after which the melting substance shall be dissolved into green liquid by thin white liquid from the Causticization Unit or water. The green liquid is sent to the Causticization Unit to be filtrated by the Green Liquid Filter and then mixed with lime for digestion, causticization and filtration to get white liquid, which shall be sent to the Cooking Unit of the Pulp Making System. The waste heat from the Alkali Recovery Boilers is used for generating steam (3.82Mpa, 450℃), which shall be sent to the self-built Thermal Power Station for power generation. The white sludge from the Causticization Unit is sent to the Light-Weight Calcium Carbonate Unit to be processed into light-weight calcium carbonate to be used as filler for paper making.The process flow of the Alkali Recovery System is illustrated in Figure 2-8.Thin black liquid from Chemical Pulp Making RoomThin Black Liquid TankV-Effect EvaporatorIV-Effect EvaporatorIII-Effect EvaporatorII-Effect EvaporatorI-Effect EvaporatorThick Black Liquid TankRotary Plate EvaporatorThick Black Liquid TankAlkali Recovery BoilerDissolution TankGreen Liquid Clarification Storage TankDigestion Slag Extration MachineCausticizerWhite Liquid ClarifierWhite liquid to Chemical Reed Pulp Making RoomWaste gas80m ChimneyGreen sludgeWaste limeReused at Pulp Making RoomWastewater Treatment StationEvaporated heavy sewage waterWhite sludgeEvaporated light sewage waterEvaporated light sewage waterWhite sludge to Light-Weight Calcium Carbonate RoomFigure 2-8 Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points2.1.6 Discharge of Main PollutantsThe condition of the main sources and discharge of pollutants is illustrated in Table 2-7.Table 2-7 Data Sheet of the Existing Project’s Main Sources and Discharge of PollutantsNo.Unit / ProcessDischarge of Pollutants1Pulp Making SystemSawdust, reed slag, barks, deink residues, deink scraps, wastewater from pulp making, white sludge2Paper Making SystemSlag washing water, white water from paper machine, pump shaft seal water, vacuum pump seal water, pulp slag3Thermal Power StationProcess drainage water, dust washing water, flue gas from boiler, lime ash4Wastewater Treatment StationSludge, stink gas, up-to-standard wastewater5Noise from the equipment operation2.1.6.1 Wastewater1.Main Sources of Wastewater PollutionThe generation of wastewater from the existing Project production/domestic life is 90000m3/d, and the designed capacity of the Wastewater Treatment Station is 100000m3/d, the wastewater after treatment is discharge to Yangtze River, with online monitoring devices installed at the final outlet for monitoring of the flow rate, pH value, COD and SS discharge.At present, the discharge wastewater from Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd includes the following parts:a. Black Liquid from Cooking Unit of Pulp Making SystemThe process of pulp making is mainly chemical process, during which the black liquid generated from cooking shall contain large content of chemical substances (alkali) and high concentration of COD and BOD. The black liquid from this process shall enter into the Alkali Recovery System for treatment.b. Middle-Stage Wastewater from Pulp MakingThe middle-stage wastewater is mainly from the washing, screening and bleaching processs of the Pulp Making System, and the main contents are SS, COD and BOD. The black liquid from this process shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for treatment and discharge.c. Wastewater from Paper Making SystemThe wastewater generated from the Paper Making System is mainly the white water from paper making, sewage water from from the Slag Remover and the floor washing water. After being filtered by the Multi-Plate Filter, the white water, Slag Remover sewage water, felt washing water (Grinding Unit in the Paper Machine Room) and floor washing water shall be reused mostly, with a part of it be sent to the Aerobic Treatment System (II) for treatment and discharge.d. Wastewater from Alkali Recovery SystemThe wastewater discharged from the Alkali Recovery System is mainly the contaminated condensate water and cooling water. The cooling water from the Board-Type Condenser at the Evaporation Unit may be reused after cooling down. The contaminated condensate water shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for treatment and discharge.e. Wastewater from Thermal Power StationThe wastewater discharge from the Thermal Power Station is mainly the wastewater from the Boilers, Circulation Water System and Chemical Water Recycle Room and the cooling water from the Water Supply Pump, Hydraulic Coupler and Induced Draft Fan. The wastewater discharged is characterized by its cleaness and free of organic pollution. The wastewater is directly discharged through the warm water outlet of the Station. Accoring to the monitoring on the Company’s wastewater discharge conducted by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station on November 17~19 2010, the monitoring resulted are listed in Table 2-8.Table 2-8 Data Sheet of the Water Quality of the Project’s Wastewater Treatment SystemMonitoring PointsMonitoring ItempH ValueCOD (mg/L)BOD5 (mg/L)SS (mg/L)General outletRange7.65~7.88118~13621~2242~45Average value7.731222143Power Station wastewater outletRange6.9~7.0252~6210~1213~14Average value6.91581113GB3544-2008, Table 26~9902030GB8978-1996, Table 36~91002070Table 2-8 showed that after treatment at the Wastewater Treatment Station, the monitoring factors of the wastewater discharged through the general outlet of the Plant have all met the limitsvalues listed in Table 1 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), but these factors have exceeded the limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008). The monitoring factors of the wastewater discharged through the outlet of the Power Station have all met the limitsvalues listed in Table 3 of the “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996). According to the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”, as of July 2011, the wastewater discharged from all papermaking enterprises must meet the limitsvalues listed in Table 2, therefore, the Company is planning to increase the dosage of chemical agent in the Wastewater Treatment Station, the trial operation in July 2011 showed that the discharged wastewater after treatment has met the limits listed in Table 2 of GB3544-2008.According to the calculation based on the monitoring results listed in Table 2-8, the total volume of CODCr, BOD5 and SS discharge is 3733.2t/a, 642.6t/a and 1315.8t/a respectively.2.1.6.2 Waste GasThe atmospheric pollutants emission is mainly from the Thermal Power Station, Figure 2-9 showed the process flow of the generation and treatment of atmospheric pollutants and Table 2-9 listed the measures for emission control of various atmospheric pollutants from the Thermal Power Boilers and Alkali Recovery Boilers.BoilerSteam Turbine→Power GeneratorHigh-pressure steamLow-pressure steam supplied to whole Plant Power supplied to whole PlantFlue gasElectrostatic / Baghouse Dust CollectorInduced Draft FanCoal PulverizerCoal StockpileWet-Process Desulphurization SystemChimney releaseFugitive dustFugitive dustFigure 2-9 Process Flow of Atmospheric Pollutants Generation and Treatment at Thermal Power StationTable 2-9 Waste Gas Emission and Control MeasuresNo.Source of PollutionMain PollutantsControl MeasuresEmission Ways1150t/h Pulverized Coal FurnaceDustSO2NOxElectrostatic Dust Collection + External Desulphurization1. Waste gas from 4 Boilers is emissioned through a 4.5mΦ×150m chimney where online monitoring devices are installed for conducting the emission of flue gas, SO2 and NOX.2. 1# Boiler and 2# Boiler are each equipped with a desulphurization device, 5# and 6# Boilers are sharing a desulphurization device.2150t/h Pulverized Coal FurnaceDustSO2NOxElectrostatic Dust Collection + External Desulphurization5260t/h Fluidized BedDustSO2NOxBaghouse Dust Collection + External Desulphurization6260t/h Fluidized BedDustSO2NOxBaghouse Dust Collection + External Desulphurization3130t/h Pulverized Coal FurnaceDustSO2NOxElectrostatic Dust Collection + External DesulphurizationWaste gas from 2 Boilers after respective treatment is emissioned through a 2mΦ×100m chimney where online monitoring devices are installed for conducting the emission of flue gas, SO2 and NOX.4150t/h Pulverized Coal FurnaceDustSO2NOxElectrostatic Dust Collection + External Desulphurization7Alkali Recovery Boiler, 270t/d treatment of solid substanceDustSO2Electrostatic Dust CollectionWaste gas from 2 Boilers after respective treatment is emissioned through a 1.5mΦ×100m chimney where online monitoring devices are installed for conducting the emission of flue gas and SO2.8Alkali Recovery Boiler, 530t/d treatment of solid substanceDustSO2Electrostatic Dust CollectionOn November 17~19, 2010, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the emission sources of waste gas from Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, the monitoring results listed in Table 2-9 are used for the Project’s environmental impact assessment, so another onsite monitoring is not necessary here. Meanwhile, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted Stage 1 onsite monitoring on the fugitive emission of waste gas from the Plant, with two monitoring stations established at the Plant boundary, one in the upper wind direction and the other one in the lower wind direction. The monitoring resultes are listed in Table 2-10.1.The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas monitored at the outlets of 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# Boilers have all met Stage 2 standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13223-1996). The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas monitored at the outlets of 5# and 6# Boilers have all met Stage 3 standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” (GB13223-1996).2.The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas monitored at the outlets of the Dust Collectors of the two Alkali Recover Boilers have all met Level II standard listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297－1996).3.The monitoring values of the particulates in fugitive emission of waste gas have met the limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297－1996). The monitoring values of NH3 and H2S emission have met the Level II standard listed in Table 1 of the “Stink Pollutants Discharge Standard” (GB14554-93) concerning construction and expansion projects.Table 2-10 Monitoring Results of Fugitive Emission of Waste Gas Unit: mg/m3Monitoring PointsTSPNH3H2SUpper wind direction at Plant boundaryMinimum value0.120.040.002Maximum value0.150.070.002Average value0.140.050.002Over-standard rate %///Maximum over-standard times///Lower wind direction at Plant boundaryMinimum value0.180.080.01Maximum value0.220.10.01Average value0.200.090.005Over-standard rate %///Maximum over-standard times///Standard“Integrated Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996)“Stink Pollutants Discharge Standard” (GB14554-93)1.01.50.06Table 2-9 Monitoring Results of Main Sources of Waste Gas PollutionMonitoring PointRate of Waste Gas Emission(Nm3/h)Flue GasSO2NOXEmission Concentration (mg/Nm3)Emission Volume (kg/h)Emission Concentration (mg/Nm3)Emission Volume (kg/h)Emission Concentration (mg/Nm3)Emission Volume (kg/h)1# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit34469033.411.519031.0306.6105.72# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit3# Boiler (130t/h), Dust Collector exit17198242.37.2728048.15390.167.14# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit5# Boiler (260t/h), Dust Collector exit3090004513.9128487.830594.26# Boiler (260t/h), Dust Collector exitAlkali Recovery Boiler (270t/h), Dust Collector exit6398720.31.3024815.87251.60Alkali Recovery Boiler (530t/h), Dust Collector exitGB13223-2003, Stage II2001200650GB13223-2003, Stage III50400450GB16297-19961205502402.1.6.3 Solid WasteThe solid waste generated during the existing project’s operation is mainly the cinder and lime ash from the Thermal Power Station, lime ash and white sludge from the Alkali Recovery Room, barks, sawdust and sand from the Pulp Making Room, active sludge from the Filter at the Wastewater Treatment Station, etc. The disposal and comprehensive use of the solid waste from each process is shown in Table 2-11.Table 2-11 Pollution Sources of Solid Waste and Treatment MeasuresWaste-Generation Process/UnitSolid WasteVlume of Absolute Dry Pulp(10,000t/a)Solid ComponentsDisposalMaterial Preparation RoomMaterial crump6.8Barks, sawdust, reed leaves, reed flowersOutsourcedPulp Making SystemPulp slag2.45Knots, pulp slag, sandOutsourcedDeinked Pulp MakingDeinked sludge, slag4.36Fiber, plasticsPurchased and recycled by low-end paper plantsAlkali Recovery SystemWaste lime/Lime ashLandfilledWhite sludge3CaCO3All recycled as production fillerWastewater Treatment StationSludge2.42SludgePurchased and recycled by low-end paper plantsBoilers RoomCoal ash and slag25Nonflammable ash content, carbon powderPurchased and recycled by cement plantsOffice AreaDomestic waste/Plastic bags, etc.Collective disposal by Municipal Environmental and Public Hhealth DepartmentPaper Machine RoomHazardous solid waste: discarded polyester net0.33Ethylene terephthalateRecycled/disposed by external qualified units2.1.6.4 NoiseThe main sources of noise pollution generated during the existing project operation include: various types of Pumps and Air Compressors installed at each workshop, Coal Pulverizer at Thermal Power Station, fans, as well as high-pressure air evacuation, etc. The main sources of noise pollution are listed in Table 2-12.Table 2-12 Noise-Generating Equipments and Noise LevelEquipmentNoise Level [dB(A)]Coal Pulverizer97-100Induced Draft Fan85Air Compressor95Steam Turbine90Alkali Recovery Boiler100~110Pulp Pump85~87Water Pump87Pulp Grinder99On October 11, 2011, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the noise at Plant boundary of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, the monitoring results are shown in Table 2-14. Comparative analysis showed that the daytime and nighttime noise values monitored at the Plant boundary have all met the Level III standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Environmental Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008), i.e., daytime: 65 dB(A), nighttime: 55dB(A).Table 2-13 Monitoring Results of Noise at Plant BoundaryMonitoring PointDaytimeStandard ValueNighttimeStandard ValueEast boundary59.46554.255South boundary56.855.0West boundary57.954.0North bounary54.052.82.1.7 Occupational Health and Environmental Management2.1.7.1 Occupational HealthAs a key enterprise in the papermaking industry of Hunan Province, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has established a complete system of occupational health management. The framework is as follows:The Company has established a network of occupational safety and health management under the management of the “Occupational Safety and Health Committee”, with the Company’s legal representative acting as the person in charge, in addition to the establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Office. The work of occupational health is assigned to the Production Department, where 4 professional engineers have been employed in charge of the business management of internal occupational health, the distribution of personal protective devices, the training of occupational safety and health, and the filing of occupational health documents, etc.The Staff Hospital is equipped with 82 medical workers and 50 sickbeds, it is responsible for participating in staff health protection and monitoring and acute occupational poisoning rescue.At present, the Company has established a complete procedure of technical operation and formulated the “Operation Manual of the Management System of Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health”, as well as complete occupational health management rules and operation procedures, such as the “Inspection and Management Measures of Occupational Safety and Health”, “Emergency Response Plan of Occupational Accidents”, etc. The Company has been conducting regular drillings for emergency preparedness of fire prevention and occupational poisoning accidents. The workers have been educated to strictly implement the established rules and operational procedures relating to occupational health in the production process, which has been effective in protecting the labors’ health and eliminating occupational diseases, at the same time beneficil to promoting production development.At the beginning of this year, the Production Department has formulated a monitoring plan of occupational disease factors and asked Yueyang Municipal Disease Control Center to conduct random inspections on various types of occupational disease factors. The inspection results shall be kept as occupational health files and reported to the leaders the Plant regularly. (A) Occupational Health EducationThe occupational health education was conducted jointly by the Production Department and the Workshops. All workers operating the equipments must accept pretraining of occupational safety and health, as well as regular and irregular training of occupational safety and health during their service.In addition, a blackboard has been set up inside the Plant for regular dissemination of laws, regulations, rules and operational procedures related to occupational disease prevention and control, at the same time giving frequent instructions on how to use occupational disease prevention equipments and personal protection devices as well as how to improve their awareness of self protection. (B) Personal Protection DevicesIn order to eliminate the damage caused by occupational disease and guarantee the labors’ health, personal protection devices shall be distributed regularly to the workers contacting hazardous substances, such as helmet, labor suit, labor shoes, gloves, flexible earplugs, ear shield, anti-poison filter respirator, Hunan Labor Type II Dust-proof Mask, protective glasses and heat-insulating clothes, etc.According to the abovementioned measures, it is concluded that Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has established complete institutions and management systems for the management of occupational health, basically able to meet the demand for occupational health management once the Project renovation and expansion is finished and commissioning is started. Based on the analysis of the inspection and test results, the hazard of some occupational disease has not been under effective control, therefore, the Company should strengthen the innovation of production technologies and the construction of occupational health protection facilities, so as to further reduce the rate of occupational disease outbreak.2.1.7. Status of Environmental Management (1) Construction of Environmental Protection Management InstitutionsThe Company has established an Environmental Protection Management Committee, of which the General President is the Director and the members composed by the persons in charge of each Division, the chief engineer is in charge of the management of environmental protection, the Safety and Environmental Protection Department is responsible for daily management of environmental protection, including the reduction and control of solid waste, the control and treatment of waste gas, the control and treatment of wastewater and noise control, etc. Each Division has appointed a part-time manager and a part-time worker in charge of daily management of and communications on environmental protection.(2) Environmental Mangement SystemThe Company has established an environmental protection responsibility system, of which the implementation by each Divison is under the leadership of the General Manager and under the supervision of the Safety and Environmental Protection Department, the inspections are to be conducted by respective Units, in addition, all of the environmental protection equipments and personnel have been integrated into the organizational network of environmental protection, with each equipment under the control of designated staff. A system of three workers working at four shifts is implemented in the production units, the monitoring of the production equipments and environmental protection equipments is ensured through central control, onsite inspection and daily test, problems detected shall be reported and handled in time to ensure up-to-standard discharge of pollutants.The Company has established a series of environmental protection rules to continuously improve the system of environmental protection, it has also passed the certification of ISO14001 Environmental Mangement System. According to the principles of “Realize Sustainable Development through Abiding by Laws and Regulations and Implementing Energy Conservation and Cleaner Production”, the Company has formulated the environmental goals, for which each Unit shall be examined for rewarding excellent performance and punishing underperformance. A series of procedures have been formulated and implemented for pollution control, such as “Environmental Factor Identification and Assessment Procedure”, “Wastewater Treatment Control Procedure”, “Boiler Flue Gas Emission Control Procedure”, “Noise Control Procedure”, “Waste Control Procedure”, “Resources and Energy Conservation Control Procedure”, “Chemicals Management Procedure”, “Radiactive Installation Management Procedure”, “Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedure”, etc. In addition, each Division has appointed a manager and worker to conduct environmental protection management and keep detailed records for “tracking”, in addition, the requirement for daily inspection has been integrated into the overall system, and the examination results shall be used as basis for apprasing the middle-level cadres’ performance, all of which has ensured the stable operation and continuous improvement of ISO14001 Environmental Protection System.2.2 Analysis of Technology Reform Project2.2.1 Basic FactsThe basic facts of the technology reform project are listed in Table 2-14.Table 2-14 Basic Facts of the Technology Reform ProjectProject titleYueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd Cleaner Production Technology Reform of Chemical Pulp Bleaching SystemProject natureTechnology reformTotal investment and fundraisingTotal investment: RMB2,297,700,000, in which investment in construction: RMB2,160,200,000 (including USD5,030,000), all through self fundraising and bank loans.Construction scale and product layoutFor daily production of 180t bleached chemical reed pulpProject componentsSee Table 2-14Project locationExisting Plant area of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, see in Figure 1Land area2790m2, existing Plant areaWorking hours per annum340×24=8160hImplementation progressPlanned to finish the construction and start commissioning within one yearProduct layout: The final product of the Project is bleached sulfate reed pulp paper, the quality standard is illustrated in Table 2-15.Table 2-15 Quality Standard for Bleached Sulfate Reed PulpIndexUnitStandardLevel ILevel IIMechanical strength(in-processing pulp: 450SR, handsheet ration: 60g/㎡h) Tensile index Tearing index Burst indexN.m/gmN.m2/gkPa.m2/g454.503.00383.502.50Whiteness ≮%8282Dynamic viscosity ≮cm3/g550450Dust count0.3~1.0mm2 dust ≯1.0~5.0mm2 dust ≯＞5.0mm2 dust 8035Not allowed12045Not allowed2.2.3 Engineering ConstructionThe construction contents of the technology reform Project are shown in Table 2-16.Table 2-16 Components of Technology Reform ProjectNo.Engineering TypeReform ContentsProduction Capacity1Production workshopPre reformPost reform1.1Technology reform of chemical reed pulpWashing and screeningTo build a new Vacuum Pulp Wasing Unit (180t/d) and phase out a Vacuum Pulp Washer180t/d180t/d, black liquid extraction rate and pulp quality improved for better effect of environmental protectionBleachingTo install a new Delignification Unit, change the old bleaching process into ECF bleaching2Public utilities2.1Oxygen Preparation StationTo build a new Oxygen Preparation StationAuxiliary equipment of 180t/d Chemical Reed Pulp Making System2.2Chlorine Dioxide Preparation StationTo build a new Station of Chlorine Dioxide PreparationAuxiliary equipment of 180t/d Chemical Reed Pulp Making System2.2.4 Planar LayoutThe planar layout of the project is to meet the demand for production processes and materials transportation by providing a smooth network for logistics of raw materials and finished products. The passageways for personnel and goods transportation are separated to maintain smooth logistics. The layout is designed based on the consideration of intact network and convenient connection to the old Plant, at the same time try to avoid the impact on the existing production units caused by the Project construction.The Project’s technology reform involves the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room, the process of chlorine dioxide preparation and the Oxygen Preparation Station. According to the layout principles and Project engineering, the layout plan is: the Continuous Cooking Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System shall be remained at the preserved position; the General Preparation Room in the old Overall Yard shall be dismantled to build a new Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room; the original Mechanical Pulp Room shall be dismantled to build a new Oxygen Preparation Station and Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Station. The general layout of the Project is illustrated in Figure 2.2.2.5 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities2.2.5.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge1.Water SupplyThe Project is a technology reform of the existing Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room, after which the water consumption shall be reduced, so will the demand for water supply. The data on water consumption by the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System and the Oxygen Preparation Station after the technology reform are listed in Table 2-17. The data on water consumption by the whole Plant are listed in Table 2-18.Table 2-17 Variations of Water Consumption by Chemical Reed Pulp Making System and Oxygen Preparation Station Before and After Technology ReformNo.Water Consuming Unit/SystemType of Water ConsumptionVolume of Water ConsumptionPre-reformPost-reformConsumption m3/tAverage Rate m3/hConsumption m3/tAverage Rate m3/hVariation of Water Consumption m3/d1Production Line of Chemical Reed PulpWater consumption for general production55.444134271-40842Oxygen Preparation StationWater consumption for general production1.7+40.83TotalWater consumption for general production441272.7－4043.2Table 2-18 Water Consumption by the Whole Plant After Technology ReformNo.Production Unit / WorkshopConsumption of Clear Water (m3/d)Remarks1Pulp Making SystemBleached chemical reed pulp6544.82Bleached chemical wood pulp96763Alkali recovery136805Aspen chemi-mechanical pulp71476Deinked pulp128557Paper Machine System1# Paper Machine Room794182# Paper Machine Room140193# Paper Machine Room7034104# Paper Machine Room1997115# Paper Machine Room1040126# Paper Machine Room10102137# Paper Machine Room1411814Thermal Power Boiler, water addition2130Thermal Power Station, circulation cooling water addition15650Thermal Power Station, industrial use572015Water Treatment Plant360016Wastewater Treatment Station125017Total121885.82.Wastewater DischargeAfter the technology reform, the volume of wastewater discharge from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System shall be reduced as well, the data on wastewater discharge from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room before and after the technology reform are listed in Table 2-19. The overall water balance of the Plant after the technology reform is illustrated in Figure 2-10.Table 2-19 Variations of Wastewater Discharge from Chemical Reed Pulp Making System Before and After Technology ReformNo.Wastewater Discharge Unit/SystemType of Wastewater DischargeVolume of Wastewater DischargePre-reformPost-reformDischarge m3/tAverage rate m3/hDischarge m3/tAverage rate m3/hVariation of Discharge Volume m3/d1Production Line of Chemical Reed PulpWater consumed for general production5459021.1168.5－4043.22TotalWater consumed for general production337.5187.5－36002.2.5.2 Power SupplyThe current supply of electricity from outside include two 2×110kV lines, from Baling Transformer Substation (220Kv) and Luowang Transformer Substation (220Kv) respectively, one for use and one for backup. The newly increased load of power demand is 4003kW, which is planned to be supplied from the nearby No.2 Transformer Station, the power saved from the dismantled units shall be used for the Project construction.2.2.5.3 Thermal Power StationThe Project is cleaner production technology reform of the Chemical Pulp Bleaching System, i.e., to change the CEF bleaching process into ECF bleaching process, in addition to the replacement of the Vacuum Pulp Washer. There is no increase of thermal load for the Project construction, so the existing productivity of the Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the thermal power demand of the whole Plant after reform.2.2.6 Technical Indices for Main ProcessesThe technical parameters used for the main processes of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System are listed in Table 2-20.Table 2-20 Technical Parameters for Main Processes of Chemical Reed Pulp Making SystemNo.IndexUnitQuantityRemarks1Working days per annumd/a3402Working hours per dayh/d243Rigidity of coarse pulpKP value134Rate of black liquid extraction%92~955Concentration of pulp from Double-Roller Squeezer%25~356Temperature for delignification℃907Concentration of delignified pulp%108Reaction time of delignificationmin609Pulp rigidity after delignificationKP value5～710Concentration of pulp at Pressure Screen%2~4.511Yielding rate of coarse pulp%48～5212Yielding rate of bleached pulp%42～4313Whiteness of bleached pulp% (ISO)80～8314Concentration of black liquid at Alkali Recovery Room% DS102.2.7 Consumption of Raw & Auxiliary Materials and EnergyThe consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials and energy by the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System after the technology reform is listed in Table 2-21, the consumption of raw materials and power for chlorine dioxide preparation is listed in Table 2-22, and the power consumption at the Oxygen Preparation Station is listed in Table 2-23.Table 2-21 Consumption of Raw Materials and Energy by Chemical Reed Pulp Making System After Technology ReformNo.MaterialConsumption Index (ton pulp)Annual ConsumptionUnitIndex ValueUnitVolume1Reed (including 10% water content)t2.38t1213802Alkali for cooking usekg368t18768In which: NaOH (100%)kg350t17850Na2S (100%)kg18t9183Alkali for bleaching (NaOH 100%)kg30t15304Oxygen for bleachingkg16t8165H2O2 for bleaching (100%)kg5t2556Chlorine dioxidekg17t8677Magnesium sulfatekg3t1538DTPAkg1t519Waterm334t221000010Electricitykwh400kwh2040000011Steamt2.1t107100Table 2-22 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power for Chlorine Dioxide PreparationNo.Material1tClO2 Consumption IndexAnnual ConsumptionUnitIndex ValueUnitVolume1Sodium chloratet1.64t50742Methanolt0.15t4643Suphuric acidt1t30944ElectricitykWh200kWh6188005Steamt5t154706Water (recycled)m3155m3479570In which: chilled water (7~10℃)m3100m3309400Cooling water (≤30℃)m355m31701707Byproduct: mirabilite (purity 91%)t1.4t4332Table 2-23 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power at Oxygen Preparation StationNo.MaterialUnitVolumeRemarks1ElectricityInstalled capacity: kW5002Waterm3/h1.73Cooling water (≤30℃)m3/h25Recycled4Oxygen flow rateNm3/h500Pressure: 12bar2.2.8 Main EquipmentsThe main equipments installed for the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System are listed in Table 2-24, Table 2-25 and Table 2-26.Table 2-24 Main Equipments of Chemical Reed Pulp Making SystemNo.EquipmentModelQuantityRemarks1Vacuum Pulp Washer100m212Delignification System (including the Mixer, Delignification Tower and Spray Tower)1Key parts imported from abroad3D0 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and Bleaching Tower)1Key parts imported from abroad4Eo Bleaching System (including the Mixer and Eo Tower)1Key parts imported from abroad5D1 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and Bleaching Tower)1Key parts imported from abroad6Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump47Vacuum Pulp Washer of Bleaching Unit80m248Tank19Pump1Table 2-25 Main Equipments for Chlorine Dioxide PreparationNo.EquipmentModelQuantityRemarks1Chlorine Dioxide GeneratorCapacity of chlorine dioxide preparation: 12t/d1Imported from abroad2Reboiler1Imported from abroad3Circulation Tube of Generator1Imported from abroad4Cooler1Imported from abroad5Chlorine Dioxide Absorption Tower1Imported from abroad6Exhaust Gas Washing Machine1Imported from abroad7Mirabilite Suspension Tank1Imported from abroad8Mirabilite Suspension Filter1Imported from abroadTable 2-26 Main Equipments of Oxygen Preparation StationNo.EquipmentModelQuantityRemarks1Air Blower1Capacity of oxygen preparation: 500Nm3/h2Absorption Tower23Surge Tank14Vacuum Pump15Oxygen Compressor12.2.9 Production Processes2.2.9.1 Bleaching Process after Technology ReformThe screened pulp is pumped into the Vacuum Pulp Washer of the new production line for washing and condensing, after which the pulp (concentration 10%) goes through the Discharging Helix Tube and enters into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube of D0 Pump. D0 Process is a medium-concentration upflow bleaching process, during which the steam is filled into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for heating, after having reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration Mixer, where it is mixed with chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D0 Tower, after certain time, the pulp is pumped out of D0 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is diluted by white water and sodium hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is removed. EP Process is a medium-concentration downflow bleaching process, during which caustic soda and Hydrogen peroxide is added into the Discharging Helix Tube of D0 Pulp Washer, then heated by the Double-Roller Mixer and sent to EP Tower, then the pulp from EP Pulp Washer goes through the Helix Conveyor and enters into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube of D1 Pump. D1 Process is a medium-concetration upflow bleaching process, during which the steam is filled into the into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for heating, after having reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration Mixer, where it is mixed with chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D1 Tower, after certain time, the pulp is pumped out of D1 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is diluted by white water and sodium hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is removed. The pulp from D1 Tower is sent to the newly installed 80m2 Drum-Type Vacuum Pulp Washer for washing, after which it is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump into the Post-Bleaching Pulp Storage Tower, where it is diluted by white water and pumped into the Double-Net Press Filter for dehydration, then it is sent to the Paper Machine Room. Some wastewater will be generated during the bleaching process, which shall be treated at the Wastewater Sedimentation Tank for being used at the Bleaching Unit, no part of it is discharged outside the System. The process flow of the bleaching unit after technology reform is illustrated in Figure 2-10.2.2.9.3 Chlorine Dioxide PreparationThe preparation of chlorine dioxide is based on R8 Process, i.e., the sodium chloride solution, sulphuric acid and methanol are added separately into different units of the Chlorine Dioxide Preparation System, including the Reactor, Reboiler, Circulation Tube and Circulation Pump. The generated chlorine dioxide gas and water vapor are filled together into the Chlorine Dioxide Absorption Tower, where it is sprayed and absorbed into chlorine dioxide solution by the chilled water (7～10℃) and stored at the Chlorine Dioxide Storage Tank, then it shall be sent to the Bleaching Unit of the Pulp Making Room. The complete system operates under negative pressure, the exhaust gas and noncondensable gas is washed and discharged through the Draught Fan. In the process of reaction, a byproduct of mirabilite is produced and sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for use. The process flow is illustrated in Figure 2-11.The raw material of methanol is pumped from the Storage Tank and filtered and then diluted by fresh water to get a volume concentration at 20%, then it is added into the Generator System through the Venturi Tube behind the Reboiler. The concentrated H2SO4 is pumped by a Material Supply Pump into the Filter, the filtered H2SO4 is sent to Venturi Tube for automization by hot water and then sent to the Generator System. The raw material of NaClO3 crystal is first sent to the Dissolving Tank for complete dissolution and sedimentation, then be pumped by the Discharging Pump into the Storage Tank for storage, then be pumped out by a Material Supply Pump and sent to the Filter, after which it enters into the lower Circulation Tube of the Generator and be pumped by the Circulation Pump into the Reboiler and then Generator. The generated ClO2 is released from the Generator, and the residual liquid and byproducts left after reaction and shall gravitate to the bottom of the Generator and become the mother liquid, which shall circulate between the Reboiler and the Generator continuously driven by the Circulation Pump, at the same time it continues to mix with the continuously added NaClO3 solution, concentrated sulphuric acid and methanol for continuous reaction and generation of ClO2 gas. During the continuous generation of ClO2, a byproduct of mirabilite is also continuously crystallizing inside the Generator. Part of the liquid (containing crystal mirabilite) inside the Generator shall be pumped by a Supply Pump into the Mirabilite Filter to get the crystal mirabilite, which shall be dissolved by hot water and pumped into the Alkali Recovery Room for use. The mother liquid left inside the Filter shall be sent back to the Circulation System of the Generator for further circulation and reaction. The gas of ClO2 generated inside the Generator is diluted by water vapor and become a mixed gas containing a very small content of chlorine gas, the mixed gas comes out of the top of the Generator and enters into the Indirect Gas Cooler for cooling down, then it enters into the Absorption Tower and is absorbed by chilled water and forms into ClO2 solution, which is sent by a Transfer Pump to the ClO2 Solution Storage Tank, finally is pumped by the Transport Pump to the Bleaching Unit for use.Natural color pulpPre-bleaching Pulp TowerPre-bleaching Pulp PumpPre-bleaching Pulp WasherVertical Tube of M-C Pulp PumpD0 Medium-Concen. Pulp PumpSteam HeaterMedium-Concen. White Liquid Mixing TowerTop Scraper UnloaderPre-bleaching Filtrate TankFiltrateMiddle-stage drainageD0 Pulp WasherEOP Pulp WasherD1 Pulp Washer★Vertical Tube of M-C Pulp PumpVertical Tube of M-C Pulp PumpPost-bleaching Pulp TowerPre-bleaching Filtrate TankFiltrateMiddle-stage drainage★D0 Filtrate TankFiltrateMiddle-stage drainage★D0 Filtrate TankFiltrateMiddle-stage drainage★M-pressure steamEOP Medium-Concen. Pulp PumpNaOHH2O2NaOHD1 Medium-Concen. Pulp PumpPost-bleaching Pulp PumpSteam HeaterSteam HeaterRotary Drum SqueezerH2SO4C102D0 Bleaching TowerNa2S2O3Medium-Concen. White Liquid Mixing TowerEOP Pre-reaction TowerEOP Chemical Reaction TowerMedium-Concen. White Liquid Mixing TowerD1 Bleaching TowerTop Scraper UnloaderWhite Pulp TankEOP Tower Pulp Outflow PumpNa2S2O3M-pressure steamM-pressure steamC102Figure 2-10 Process Flow of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching After Technology ReformThe vacuum needed by the Generator System and Mirabilite Filter is generated respectively by two Vacuum Injectors (Venturi Device) in which medium-pressure steam is used for suction. The exhaust gas generated by the whole System enters into the Gas Washing Tower to be washed by chilled water and released into the air, the thin ClO2 solution after gas washing enters into the Absorption Tower for further absorption and concentration, the chilled water used for absorption and washing is generated by the Chilling Unit.Sodium Chlorate Dissolution TankSodium Chlorate Transport PumpDissolved Sodium Chlorate Storage TankSodium Chlorate Loading PumpSolid sodium chlorateMethanol Unloading PumpMethanol Storage TankMethanol Loading PumpMethanolSulphuric acidUnloading PumpSulphuric acidStorage TankSulphuric acidLoading PumpSulphuric acidRe-boilerReactorCirculation PumpClear waterChilled Water UnitChilled Water TankChilled Water Liquid Moving PumpChilled Water FilterIndirect Gas CoolerAbsorption TowerSpray CondenserVacuum InjectorVacuum InjectorChlorine Dioxide Liquid Moving PumpChlorine Dioxide Storage TankChlorine Dioxide Transport PumpChlorine Dioxide Solution to Bleaching UnitMirabilite FilterRelease PumpAbsorption Tower Water Seal TankM-Pressure steamM-Pressure steamMirabilite Distribution■▲■ Solid waste pollution source▲ Waste gas pollution sourceWastewaterExhaust Gas Blower▲Gas Washing TowerFigure 2-11 Post-reform Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Process2.2.9.4 Oxygen Preparation StationThe Pressure Swing Absorption Oxygen Generator is used for oxygen preparation, the filtered air is sent by the Blower from the bottom of the Absorption Tower, where the active alumina removes the hydrone and CO2 molecule, then the air comes to the upper part of the Tower and passes through the fixed Zeolite Molecular Sieve, during which the nitrogen molecule is absorbed and dispersed into the solid, while the oxygen and argon atoms enter into the Buffer Tank and then the Oxygen Compressor to be compressed with needed pressure, then the oxygen is sent to the Pulp Making Room for use.2.2.10 Comparison of the Processes Before and After Technology Reform1.Disadvantages of CEH 3-Stage Bleaching:The traditional chlorine-containing bleaching process has been used for the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System, i.e., the so called CEH bleaching process (Chlorination – Alkali Extraction – Hypochlorite Bleaching). The wastewater pollution caused by CEH bleaching is very serious, besides the high burden of BOD and COD, large amount of organic chloride is generated, some with extremely high degree of carcinogenicity; the wastewater generated during CEH bleaching is hard to dispose, and a large proportion of organic chloride can not degrade during biochemical treatment. The chemical agent used for bleaching accounts for 15～25% of the total amount used for chemical pulp making, and the release of this part of chemicals together with the wastewater discharge is a major wasting. In addition, since the wastewater can not be reused, the volume of water consumption by the whole System is very high. Such method of bleaching can not meet the demand for sustainable development because it causes serious environmental pollution and huge resources wasting. The specific disadvantages are:① Environmental damage caused by bleaching agents. The bleaching agents used for CEH 3-stage bleaching are mainly chlorine-containing agent---chlorine gas and hypochlorite. Chlorine is a poisonous gas that damages the ozone and reacts with water drops into acid substance, then acid rain is formed and causes corrosion to the buildings. Hypochlorite has lower degree of toxicity, but this oxident is so strong that it kills the microbes living in waters, the organic substances in the oxidation water turns into organic chlorine.② Organic chloride pollution caused by traditional bleaching process. Large amount of organic chloride (AOX) is generated during the bleaching process, the main substances include: chloroform---extremely high toxicity and carcinogenicity, the chronic poisoning will cause damage to livers and kidneys with a series of symptoms; in addition, chloroform is one of the substances generating phosgenic substances and causing serious damage to ozone; chlorinated phenolic compounds---the use of chlorine-containing bleaching agent will also result in the generation of toxic chlorinated organics during delignification process, which are not easy to conduct biochemical or non-biochemical degradation, and the discharge of such substances into the natural waters will cause harm to production: low concentration and slow accumulation causing pathology, high concentration causing death directly; chlorinated dioxin and furan---toxic substances causing cancers, pathological change, dysgenesis and multiple carnial nerve palsy.③ Wastewater from traditional bleaching can not be reused. At present, pulpmaking enterprises installed with alkali recovery system have all solved the problem of pollution caused by cooking waste liquid, which has brought economic benefits, so the main pressure is mainly from the bleaching wastewater from Chemical Pulp Making System. For an Advanced Pulp Plant with a well functioning alkali recovery system, if the wastewater from bleaching is discharged without treatment, the pollution burden will account for more than 85% of the whole Plant’s pollution burden. However, it can not be used for pulp washing and floor washing, just as white water from paper making is used, so the loss of chemicals from direct discharge is a huge waste of resources. During the bleaching of pulp by using chlorine-containing bleaching agent, about 92% chlorine element shall turn into chloridion that reacts with sodium and forms the substance sodium chloride, the rest 8% chlorine element is transformed into organic chlorine. If such bleaching wastewater is used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, due to it’s soluble nature in water, the resultant chloridion concentration in alkali liquid shall definitely reduce the concentration of alkali after green liquid causticization, at the same time the chloridion is corrosive to the equipment, so the bleaching wastewater must be released, which is a waste of resources in addition to the environmental pollution. However, the volume of alkali used for pulp bleaching accounts for 2～4% of the pulp volume and 15～25% of the total consumption of alkali for pulp making, plus the high content of organic substances in the wastewater, if the wastewater may be recycled and used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, the chemicals would be recycled, the thermal energy contained by the organics would be obtained, and the cost for wastewater treatment would be saved.2.Advantages of ECF Bleaching Compared with Traditional Single-Stage H Bleaching or 3-Stage CEH Bleaching:In design of the technology reform Project, ECF bleaching technology is selected based on the consideration of economic benefits and environmental protection benefits, which is a technology based on chlorine dioxide and having become the dominating technology in modern enterprises of bleached chemical pulp making. With same volume of effective chlorine used for bleaching, the volume of organic chloride (AOX) generated in chlorine dioxide bleaching is only 1/5 of that in Cl2 bleaching, so the acidity, chroma and sodium chloride content shall be reduced, in addition, ECF bleaching can hardly generate dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins.① Permanent ApplicabilityDuring the past decade, onsite investigation and chemical analysis showed that the discharge of wastewater from a well managed paper plant using ECF bleaching almost contains no dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins. The residual chlorine containing organic substances left after ECF bleaching contains a type of component similar to those naturally degradable and permanent substances. Research showed that these substances will not cause damage to the aquatic ecosystem.② Pollution PreventionThe prevention of pollution is not just the prevention of the entrance of pollutant sources into the ecosystem or afterpollution treatment. Pollution control and wastewater treatment is not sufficient for serious prevention. It is declared by the Dioxin Emission International Joint Commission of Canadian Bleached Chemical Pulp and Paper Plant that the substitution of element chlorine bleaching by chlorine dioxide bleaching for pulp making is a significant achievement. Such substitution has almost eliminated the possibility of dioxin generation.③ Best Applicable TechnologyIn 1990s, in order to respond to the public concern on environment, the government authorities promulgated a number of new regulations on paper industry. One common feature of these regulations and rules is the “Best Applicable Technology” (BAT). The use of chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching will generate some toxic substances, but these substances will cause very limited damage to the environment or pollution to the atmosphere. Meanwhile, wastewater generated during ECF bleaching may be recycled and used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, as a result, the water consumption for pulp making is saved, the base in the wastewater is recycled, and the thermal energy in the organics is obtained. In addition, the pulp after ECF bleaching has a superb quality, so U.S.A and EU have regarded ECF bleaching as the core element of BAT.2.2.11 Main Pollutant Sources of Technology Reform Project and Proposed Measures for Pollutiion Treatment2.2.11.1 WastewaterThe Project is mainly the technology reform for the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System. According to the Project analysis, the discharge of wastewater from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room is 10115.8m3/d, a volume after a reduction of 4043.2m3/d compared to pre-reform discharge, mainly middle-stage wastewater with the main contents including fiber suspension SS and organic pollutants BOD and COD. According to the installation level of the paper making process equipments, data on the estimated water quality of the discharged wastewater are listed in Table 2-27.Table 2-27 Data Sheet of the Project’s Sources of Wastewater PollutantsNo.Wastewater SourceDaily Dischargem3/dWater Quality (mg/L)BOD5CODcrSSpHAOXDioxin1Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room10115.8478138014810.56.67MinimumAt present, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has established two Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Stations (Q1=60000m3/d, Q2=60000m3/d) in which the technology of secondary biotreatment has been adopted. After the technology reform, the middle-stage wastewater generated from the Chemica Reedl Pulp Making System shall be treated at the Aerobic Treatment System (I) and then the Level III Vapor Floatation Unit, after which the water quality of the wastewater shall meet the standard limits for discharge of water pollutants from newly constructed enterprises as specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008).2.2.10.2 Waste GasFor the reform of the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System, according to the Project analysis and the investigation on the Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Unit of Yuanjiang Paper Plant, a small amount of exhaust gas shall be generated during the Project’s chlorine dioxide preparation process, in which there is the content of ClO2 and very small amount of Cl2. The exhaust gas generated from the System shall be sent to the Gas Washing Tower where chilled water is used for washing, after which the diluted ClO2 solution enters into the Absorption Tower to continue absorbing ClO2 for higher concentration, the small amount of Cl2 is released directly by the Blower. The small generation of Cl2 shall cause very limited impact on the environment.2.2.10.3 Solid WasteThe solid waste generated from the Project construction mainly includes the byproduct of crystal mirabilite generated during the process of chlorine dioxide preparation and the sludge from the operation of the Wastewater Treatment System.Certain byproducts shall be generated from the preparation of chlorine dioxide, mainly the crystal mirabilite at a rate of 4332t/a, which shall be filtered and used for the Alkali Recovery System. The volume of sludge generated from this part of wastewater after treatment is about 0.4t/a, which may be sent directly to the Thermal Power Station for incineration in the Biomass Boiler.2.2.10.4 NoiseThe sources of noise generated during the Project construction are mainly the Pulp Pumps, Water Pumps and Air Compressors. The equipments that generate noise, as well as the noise levels, are listed in Table 2-28.Table 2-28 Noise Levels at Main WorkshopsEquipmentSource Intensity of Indoor Noise Leq[dB(A)]Source Intensity of Outdoor Noise Leq[dB(A)]Reed Chipper9480Pulp Pump, Water Pump86Air Compresser110Pulp Washer902.3 Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and After Technology Reform2.3.1 WastewaterAfter the technology reform, the discharge of wastewater pollutants from the whole Plant shall be reduced respectively. After a reduction of 1102.9t/a, 58.1t/a and 439.1t/a respectively, the discharge of wastewater pollutants after the technology reform are CODCr 2630.3t/a, BOD5 584.5t/a and SS 876.7t/a respectively.Table 2-29 Variations of Wastewater Discharge Before and After Technology ReformItemWastewater Discharge(10,000m3/a)CODCr Discharge (t/a)BOD5 Discharge (t/a)SS Discharge (t/a)Actual discharge from the existing Project30603733.2642.61315.8Up-to-standard discharge from the existing Project30602754612918Total discharge after technology reform2922.52630.3584.5876.7Total discharge after technology reform－the actural discharge from the existing Project-137.5-1102.9-58.1-439.1Total discharge after technology reform －up-to-standard discharge from the existing Project-137.5-123.7-27.5-41.32.3.2 Waste GasAccording to calculation, the Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, therefore, there is no need for increasing the capacity of thermal supply. The emission of atmospheric pollutants from the whole Plant after the technology reform will remain the same, i.e., SO2 1491.8t/a, dust 264.87t/a and NOX 1342.4t/a.Table 2-30 Emission of Waste Gas After Technology ReformItemWaste Gas Emission(10,000m3/a)SO2 Emission(t/a)Dust Emission (t/a)NOX Emission (t/a)Actual emission from the existing Project725961.71491.8264.871342.4Total emission after technology reform725961.71491.8264.871342.42.3.3 Solid WasteThe solid waste generated from the Project construction for technology reform includes mainly the sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Station and mirabilite, the sludge generated after wastewater treatment is used as Boiler fuel, while the mirabilite is used for Alkali Recovery System. The total volume of solid waste generated from the whole Plant after the technology reform is 346895t/a, and the rate of comprehensive use is 100%.2.4 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental Protection Policies2.4.1 Conformity of Technology Reform to Environmental Protection PoliciesAccording to the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), the standard for the discharge of AOX, benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater shall be higher and stricter. Therefore, ECF technology is a practical and mature option for the permanent survival of paper industry. Due to the elimination of normally used element chlorine bleaching process that causes serious pollution and the adoption of element chlorine free bleaching process, the generation of dioxin has been reduced, the AOX emission index for wastewater discharge has been lowered, in addition, the advanced treatment of wastewater from pulp making is useful in reducing the discharge of pollutants and wastewater, which is in accordance with the policies on environmental protection.2.4.2 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning2.4.2.1 In Conformity to Overall Plan of National Economy and Social Development Since the outbreak of international financial crisis, China’s paper industry has been affected greatly. Due to the obstacles in export of products made by various industries, the market of packing paper and newsprint, which is a large proportion of the market of paper products, has been shrinking, plus the decreased demand in overseas market, the sales of paper products has been falling down, and the development of paper industry has been impeded. In 2008, China’s total production of machine-made paper and paperboard was 83,900,000t, a year-on-year increase of 8.75%. While in 2007, the increase over 2006 was 13.08%. Compared to 2007, the increasing speed has been slowing down. Since the third quarter of 2008, the storage of paper products has been increasing, enterprises have to stop or reduce production, the product prices have been dropping rapidly as well. As to the total production and consumption of machine-made paper and paperboard, the supply has exceeded the demand; in terms of product type, the shocks on packing paper and newsprint are bigger, while the commodity market of disposable toilet paper has displayed a prosperous outlook in production and distribution.In 2000, China’s total production of paper and paperboard was 30,500,000t, then it was increased to 83,900,000t in 2008. The production of packing paper in 2000 and 2008 was 12,500,000t and 37,500,000t respectively, so the amplitude of packing paper production has exceeded much over the amplitude of total paper production. In 2007 in China, the proportion of packing paper production in total production of paper and paperboard was 49.54%, which is much higher than the world average level of 45.20%. In 2007, the year-on-year increase of packing paper production was 14.44%, while the consumption increase over the same period was 11.36%, the speed of production increase was higher than that of consumption increase obviously.The impact on the commodity market (including disposable toilet paper) caused by financial crisis is not very serious, no matter how far the global economy declines, the people’s basic demand for commodities shall not decrease. Similarly, the financial crisis will not cause great impact on the export of commodities. In 2008, the disposable hygienic products domestically made, including those produced by multinational companies in China, were mostly distributed in domestic market, which has ensured the stable and rapid increase of market share. During the past two decades, China’s market of disposable hygienic products has been growing rapidly, the market size in 2007 was about RMB40bn, or 10% of the global market, the estimated market size in 2008 was RMB45bn.With the promulgation of “Paper Industry Development Policy” and the enhanced measures for energy conservation, emission reduction and eliminaton of outdated productivity, as well as the implementation of new standards for pollutants discharge by papermaking enterprises, the governments at various levels will strengthen the supervision and management of papermaking enterprises, the paper manufacturers at unreasonable economic size and discharging over-standard pollutants while consuming higher volume of energy and water will be phased out definitely, and this situation is promising for larger market space for manufacturers suitable for development, just like the Project.The Project is a technology reform project aimed for environmental protection, the traditional element chlorine bleaching process that causes serious pollution shall be eliminated and replaced by the newly constructed production line adopting the element chlorine free bleaching process, the Project is in accordance with the national policy for industry development and the overall plan of national economy and social development.2.4.2 2. In Conformity to Industry Development PlanningAccording to Article 22 of the “Paper Industry Development Policy”, “The paper industry technologies should develop towards a direction of higher level, lower consumption and low pollution. Encourage the development and application of high-yielding pulpmaking technologies, biotechnologies, low-pollution pulpmaking techchnologies, medium-concentration technologies, element chlorie free or total chlorine free bleaching technologies, low-energy-consumption mechanical pulpmaking technologies, …” According to Article 23, “…Forbid the use of lime process pulpmaking, forbid the newly approved projects to use chlorine bleaching process (enterprises using this process should phase out gradually). Forbid the import of eliminated and outdated second-hand pulpmaking and papermaking equipments”. According to the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), stricter standards shall be implemented for the discharge of AOX contained in wastewater, benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater. Therefore, the adoption of ECF bleaching process based on chlorine dioxide is a practical and mature technical choice for permanent survival of paper industry. The comprehensive use and recycle of white sludge and coal slag and the use of advanced wastewater treatment technology are measures in accordance with the principles of comprehensive use and cleaner production specified in the “Paper Industry Development Policy”.3 Regional Overviews3.1 Basic Facts of National Environment3.1.1 Geographical PositionAs a municipality under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located in the northern region of Hunan Province, 112?18?31?～114?9?6? east longitude and 28?25?33?～29?51?00? north latitude. With Jin’er Mountain standing on the east side and Dongtinghu Lake shining in the west section, as well as the connection to Yangtze River in the northern part and other rivers in the southern part, it is right at the intersection of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River. Yueyang City’s eastern neighbors include Tong’gu and Xiushui Counties (Jiangxi) and Tongcheng County (Hubei), the utmost east point is Jiaoche’ao of Dakouduan Township, Pingjiang County; its southern neighbors include Liuyang County, Changsha City and Wangcheng County (Hunan), the utmost south point is Huangnijie of Fushoushan Forestry Station, Pingjiang County; its west neighbours include Yuanjiang County, Nan County and Anxiang County (Hunan), the utmost west point is the middle of Xi’ouchi River at Jiangxinzhou, Youyi Village, Meitianhu Township, Huarong County; its northern neighbours include Chibi, Honghu, Jianli and Shishou Counties/Cities (Hubei), the utmost north point is the middle of Yangtze River at Baishazhou, Huang’gai Township, Linxiang City. Stretching over a distance of 177.84km from west to east and 157.87km from north to south, Yueyang City’s total land area is 15019.2km2, accounting for 7.05% of the total area of Hunan Province. The urban area is 824.4km2, accounting for 5.5% of the city’s total area, in which the downtown area is 60km2.The Project area is next door to Chenglingji Port, and the neighboring industrial enterprises mainly include Huaneng Yueyang Power Plant. Regarded as the northern window for foreign trade of Hunan Province, Chenglingji Port has a special railway connecting Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, plus the road to the National Road 107 and Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, it is actually a key point for waterway and land transportation.3.1.2 Topographic Features and Geological Conditions of the Plant AreaThe Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located in the land right in front of the western slope of Jiuling-Mufu Mountain, tilting from south to north until the Yangtze River. The extensive land has a natural elevation at 28m~34.5m, topographically formed by vermicular red earth hillocks and river sedimentation with a large number of lakes and mash lands distributed in this area. Formed by ancient time erosion and accumulation, there is no new sedimentation since proterozoic era, except for the Quaternary talus, sedentary and lacustrine deposits. There is no major structural fault on the simple stratum, the lower bedrock belongs to Shallow Metamorphised of Panchi System, Presinian. The overcoat is the Quaternary deposit, including clay, mild clay and sandy gravel layers, the extreme compression strength is 180kPa~390kPa, mostly higher than 200kPa.The prospecting report of the existing project showed that the earth is composed from top to bottom by miscellaneous fill, light loam, mild clay and medium sand, in which the ② layer is light loam, a weakening soil in the shape of flowing plastic containing organic matters, the ③ layer is mild clay that has higher strength and medium compressibility, and the ④ layer is medium sand with slight-medium density, the ③ and ④ layers are well formed supporting course to the foundation, however, it is estimated that most part of these two layers are deeply hidden, so it is necessary to use pile foundation.Part of the Project area has stable and evenly distributed clay and powder clay layer with high strength and thickness, in addition, it’s not deeply hidden, so it may be used as ideal natural layer of supporting course of the foundation, the estimated bearing capacity may be as high as 300kPa. This area is featured with simple hydrogeology conditions and intact clay structure, low degree of water permeability and mostly in dry state, with spring water running out in lower sections, and the groundwater will not cause corrosion to the foundation. According to the “Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China” (GB18306-2001), the basic intensity of earthquake is 7 degree.3.1.3 Hydrological ConditionsAccording to the statistics provided by Chenglingji Hydrologic Station (1954~2005), The Yangtze River Yueyang section’s multi-year average rate of flow is 9940m3/s, the multi-year average runoff is 2940×108m3, the actual monitored maximum annual average runoff is 5267×108m3 (1954), the minimum annual aveage runoff is 1990×108m3 (1978), the yearly variations of runoff are comparatively small. The period from May to October is the flood season for Yangtze River Yueyang section, during which the average volume of runoff accounts for 74% of the yearly volume, with the highest volume in July; the period from November to April the next year is the drought season, during which the average volume of runoff accounts for 26% of the yearly volume, with the lowest volume in January. The monthly average volume of runoff measured over the past years is 20016m3/s. The multi-year average discharge of sediment is 4140×104t/a, and the multi-year average concentration of sediment is 0.141kg/m3. The multi-year average water level monitored at Chenglingji Hydrologic Station is 22.56m, the historic record of highest water level is 33.91m, the historic record of lowest water level is 15.24m. The historic records of highest and lowest water temperature are 35.3℃ and -2.6℃ respectively, and the average water temperature is 17.8℃.3.1.4 Distribution of Surface Water ResourcesYueyang City has an excellent water system composed by densely distributed lakes and rivers, it is famous for the name of “Dongting Waterland”. Yueyang City is dominated by Dongtinghu Lake whose basin area accounts for 90.93% of the total surface water area of the city, secondary to which are Binjiang River and Poyang Lake water systems. Besides Yangtze River, Xiangjiang River and Zishui River, there are another 232 rivers longer than 5km, includig 110 rivers longer than 10km and 6 rivers longer than 50km. Dongtinghu Lake water system is divided into lake shore water system and lake body water system.The lake shor water system includes the Miluo River water system, Xinqiang River water system and Xiangjiang River water system:① Xiangjiang River water system: basin area 230.90km2, accounting for 2.11% of the city’s total area. The Grade 1 tributaries include Laodao River, Xia’ning River and Zhangshugang River, the Grade 2 tributaries include Shahe River and Baisha River originated from Yuchi Mountain.② Miluo River water system: Miluo River is the biggest river in the area of Yueyang City, the total basin area is 5618.87km2, including 5148.32km2 inside the City, accounting for 47.11% of the city’s total area. Originated from Huanglong Mountain in Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province and enters into the jurisdiction of Yueyang City at Longmen of Pingjiang County, Miluo River runs through Changshou, Jiayi, Pingjiang City Gate, Qingchongkou, Xinshi and Miluo City Gate and runs into Dongtinghu Lake along the foot of Leishi Mountain of Miluo City, the total length is 253.2km.③ Xinqiang River water system: As the second largest river in Yueyang City, the total basin area of Xinqiang River is 2370km2, including 810.13km2 inside the City, accounting for 7.41% of the City’s total area. This river has two sources, the south source is Shagang River, which is the primary source originated from Baobeiling of Banjiang Township, Pingjiang County, the basin area is 963km2. The north source is Yougang River, originated from Majing of Longyuan Township, Linxiang City, the basin area is 973km2, it runs through Longyuan Reservoir, Yutan and Taolin and enters into Yueyang County after Changtang Township of Linxiang City. The south and north sources meet at Sanganju and the River runs through Xinqiang and Rongjiawan before it flows into Dongtinghu Lake. The upstream of Xinqiang River runs across mountain area with high yield of water, where the construction of Tieshan Reservoir has been finished as the collective source of drinking water for Yueyang City, it is also the cross-basin water source for solving the drought problem of the shallow hills around the Lake and along the River.Dongtinghu Lake water system: The length of Yangtze River inside Yueyang City is 75km; Zishui River enters into the City at Maojiaokou of Xiangyin County and meets the west tributary of Xiangjiang River at Linzikou and then flows into Dongtinghu Lake; Xiangjiang River enters into the City at Tiejiaoju of Xiangyin County and divides itself into two at Haohekou, both of which flow into Dongtinghu Lake. In addition, Dongtinghu Lake has 16 flatland tributaries, each of which has a basin over 5km2, totaled at 3749.10km2 and accounting for 34.30% of the City’s total area. Ouchi River and Huarong River each has four estuaries running into the Lake, the multi-year average flow rate of Ouchi River is 793m3/s, a length of 110km is within the City’s borders. Huarong River has a dam built in 1958, before which the multi-year average flow rate was 335m3/s, a length of 35km is within the City’s boders.Binjiang River water system: It means the small rivers that flow into Yangtze River, the basin area within the borders of Yueyang City is 989.39km2, in which 798.45km2 is the area of Huanggai Lake basin, in addition, there are 22 rivers each of which has a length over 5km, 9 rivers over 10km; the number of rivers with basin area larger than 5km2 is 22, plus 2 rivers whose basin area is over 50km2, 2 rivers over 100km2 and 1 river over 300km2. The main rivers are Xindian River and Yuantan River. Xindian River originates from Gangang County of Linxiang City, its length is 14km mostly along the boundary of Hunan Province, the basin area is 441.8km2, including 149.5km2 inside Yueyang City. Yuantan River originates from Bafang Mountain of Linxiang City with a total length of 48km, its basin area is 389km2.3.1.5 Groundwater ResourcesThe stratum of the Project area is an extremely weak water-bearing stratum where the permeability coefficient is less than 0.07m/day+night, the elevation of the groundwater is 25.05-36.18m. According to the data provided by Hunan Provincial Hydrogeology Research Institute, the annual precipitation supplies 1,794,000,000m3 to the groundwater, the groundwater runoff in drought season is 439,000,000m3, to subtract the volume of groundwater runoff in drought season from the volume of precipitation supply, the result we get is the groundwater recharge: 1,355,000,000m3, then add the surface water volume, the total volume of water resources is 8,633,000,000m3. The volume of groundwater accounts for 15.69% of the total volume of water resources, mainly distributed at the alluvial plain of Dongtinghu Lake and riverside in hillock areas.Due to the complexity of geological structure caused by stratum development, different types of groundwater have been formed. The sandy gravel stratum distributed in Dongtinghu Lake alluvial plain has medium reserve of pore water, the average water inflow per well is 300-3000m3/d with small depth, usually at 0-5m; the gritstone, shale, granite and silicolite distributed in hillock areas have small reserve of pore water with different depths, usually at 0-30m. Crevice water is usually below the cracks of limestone and exposes itself in the form of spring water. The area of limestone inside Yueyang City is small, distributed in Wuli and Yanglousi Townships of Linxiang City.The water quality of Yueyang City’s groundwater is at a high level characterized by low degree of mineralization and simple content of chemicals, the most extensively distributed groundwater is calcium bicarbonate water, second to which is sodium chloride calcium water and calcium bicarbonate magnesium water, all of which are faintly acid water with pH value at 5.7; the total rigidity is mostly below 4.2 degree, so it is extremely softened water suitable for human drinking and farmland irrigation. The temperature of the groundwater is usually at 15.25℃, with small variations with the change of seasons. The exploitation of groundwater in the past was usually limited to domestic use, currently part of the exploitation is used for industrial production. Due to serious pollution of the surface water and unevenly distribution in terms of time and space, the problem of drinking water shortage for human and livestock exists in some mountainous areas, so groundwater has become the source of drinking water.3.1.6 Climatic CharacteristicsWith its geographic location in the region transitting from central subtropics to northern subtropics, Yueyang City has a continental subtropical mosoon climate, of which the overall characteristics are: short period of chilly cold days, long period of frost-free season, changeable temperature, frequent cold waves, obvious rainy season, drought in summer, and four seasons distinctive from each other.3.1.7 Soil and VegetationThe Project area’s surface soil is the alluvium under the control of Yangtze River and Dongtinghu Lake, mainly clay with the thickness at 0.4-12.64m and containing small amount of sand, in colors of henna, tawny, bottle green and amaranth; the natural soil is dominated by lacustrine soil and red earth, the farming land is mainly paddy soil and vegetable soil.The region’s artificial vegetation mainly includes Chinese parasol, pine, cedar, peach and pear trees; the grain crops include mainly rice, etc.; cash crops include cole, vegetables, melons and millets; the natural vegetation mainly includes silk grass, Huitouqing and herba verbenae, etc on wasteland.3.1.8 Natural ResourcesThe land of Yueyang City is endowed with abundant natural resources. It is the national key base of excellent agricultural products, including grains, cotton, pork and fish, four counties/cities have been respectively listed as one of the Top 100 Counties in terms of grain, cotton and pork production, the byproducts such as organic tea, uncontaminated vegetables, good-quality fruits, Yangtze crabs and Dongting black shrimp are welcomed in the market.Yueyang City has rich water resources, the area of fresh water is as large as 310,000ha, the largest one in China, which is beneficial to the development of crop farming, freshwater fish raising and waterway transportation, in addition, it has provided a good conditions for the development of modern industries that have large volume of water consumption and high demand for transportation, such as papermaking industry.Yueyang City has various types of biotic resources, including 1118 types of wood plant, 1224 types of medical plants, 131 types of water plants, a dozen breeds of domestic animals and birds, 116 breeds of aquatic animals and 266 breeds of wild animals. Yueyang City has about 60 types of minerals stored within its terrain, up to now, the number of prospected large-scale mineral deposit has reached 27, in addition to 28 medium-scale prospected deposits and 45 small-scale prospected deposits, altogether more than 200 deposits with minerals to be exploited; the 10 types of minerals include mainly Au, Ag and Pb, etc., and the 20 types of non-metal minerals are dolomite, granite and kaolin, etc. In addition, there are rare earth metals such as Nb, Ta and Be and a number of underground mineral water resources.3.1.9 Nature ReservesYueyang City has established 3 national and provincial nature reserves: East Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve (national level), Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve (provincial level) and Hengling Lake Nature Reserve (provincial level).East Dongtinghu Lake Nature ReserveIt is a national nature reserve and the wetland birds protection base of Hunan Province with the lake as its largest main body protection area and the city as its basis. For its protection of comparatively complete ecosystem of peat, marsh and grassland wetland, it has been assessed by the WWF as internationally important wetland. The East Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve is located in the southern section of Jingjiang River, the middlestream of Yangtze River, and it was included into the “List of Wetlands of International Importance” Geographic coordinates: 112?43'-113?15' at east longitude and 28?59'-29?38' at north latitude, the area is 190,000ha, including the East Dongtinghu Lake and the neighboring plain, hillocks and urban land. The topographic types change significantly with the variations of the Lake’s water level, during dry season, the water area is 49,940ha, including 20,300ha of reed, 36,400ha of marsh and shoal and 83,360ha of farmland and hillocks; during wet season, the water area is 106,640ha, except for the farmland and hillocks remain their land facies because of the protection by the dam, the rest area is all merged into water.The East Dongtinghu Lake has abundant resources of submerged plants, floating plants and emergent aquatic plants. There are 131 types of recorded aquatic plants belong to 40 families and 75 species. The commonly seen submerged plants include sedge and black algae, floating plants commonly seen are lotus, gorgon euyale and duckweed, and the emergent aquatic plants are usually raupo and reed.According to geographic regionalization of animals, this area belongs to the extension of the subregion of Central China in Oriental Realm, its special geographic location and climatic conditions has provided the birds (especially aquatic birds) with excellent condition for living through the winter, so it has become one of China’s main habitats for overwintering birds and the extremely important winter home to migrant aquatic birds. The main species of aquatic birds include: wild geese, white head crane, grey crane, black stock and 11 types of ducks. Mammals such as Chinese river dolphin and cowfish are often seen on the surface of the Lake, and there are about 20 types of cash fishes, such as Chinese sturgeon and paddlefish, etc. The types of animals having been included into the List of Animals Under Level 1 National Protection are: white head crane, black stork, white stock, great bustard, Chinese merganser, Chinese river dolphin, Chinese sturgeon and paddlefish, etc.; the animals under Level 2 protection include 28 types, such as Eurasian spoonbill, swan, cowfish and mullet.Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature ReserveIt is a provincial level nature reserve located inside Jicheng Islet, northeast of Huarong County and northwest of Yueyang City. This islet is in the middle of lower Jingjiang River, it is in the shape of a boat with a width 0.5-3km from west to east and a length of 9km from the north to south, and the total length of its banks is 30.1km, formerly the location of Jicheng Towhship of Huarong County. In 1998 when the farmland on the islet was turned back into lake islet, the residents were moved to other townships to settle down. The total area of the nature reserve is about 4890ha, including 2700ha of the islet, 1700ha outside the dam, and 490ha of former water area of Yangtze River. In November 27, 2000, it was approved by the Provincial Government and became China’s fourth elk protection zone. At present, the phase 1 construction is ongoing in this area, which is an area transiting from the central subtropical zone to north subtropical zone with a continental humid mosoon climate characterized by four dinstinctive seasons, moderate light and heat, concentrated rainfall and short period of chilly days. This area is surrounded by water on all sides, the southwest is the new course of Yangtze River, while the northwest, north and southeast is the old course. As a alluvial plain formed by sand from the Yangtze River, the ground height above sea level is 28-33m, the falling gradient is less than 3 degree, and the existing dam’s elevation is 36m. The earth’s surface is mostly sandy soil plus some clay loam. The number of discovered terrestrial vertebrates is 93, divided into 4 classes, 20 orders and 42 falimies; 51 fish species, divided into 11 orders and 19 families; 100 types of sampled insects, divided into 7 orders. Compared with the same habitat in other areas of Hunan Province, this area has a higher degree of biodiversity in terms of animal species. Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve has 6 types of animals under level 2 national protection, accounting for 6.45% of the type of wild animals having been discovered inside the Nature Reserve, these 6 types are henharrier, capebarn owl, eagle owl, glaucidium cuculoides, centropussinensis and otter, in which the resource of glaucidium cuculoides is more abundant. This area has 76 types of terrestrial wild animals “that are beneficial or have important value of economic and scientific research and under national protection”, accounting for 81.72% of the total types of wild animals living in the Reserve. The vascular plants growing in the Reserve are divided into 75 families, 189 genera and 264 species, including 30 species of woody plants, accounting for 11.4% of the total species, mainly the introduced plants; 234 herbage species accounting for 88.6%, mainly naturally distributed. The 264 species are divided into 32 species of hydrophyte (accounting for 12.1%), 72 species of hygrophyte (27.3%) and 160 species of mesophyte (60.6%). According to the natural conditions and social economy of the Reserve, its nature is oriented as: based on the recovery of farmland into lake area, the main tasks include the introduction and reproduction of elks, the protection of biodiversity and the gradual restoration of natural wetland ecosystem, and the supporting activities include scientific research, scientific knowledge dissemination and eco-friendly swimming, so as to construct a demonstrative national nature reserve with the function of environmental protection as a part of the national framework and interntional community. Accoring to the “Nature Reserve Regulations of the People’s Republic of China” and based on the internal and external investigation and analysis results, the Reserve is divided into four function zones: core zone, buffer zone, experimental zone and ecobusiness zone. The area of the core zone is about 1700ha, it is the concentrated distribution area of wetland, rare and endangered wildlife and biodiversity. The buffer zone is around the core zone, its area is 600ha, and it’s functioning as the external bracer of the core zone. The experimental zone is located in the southern end of Lingjiang Islet with an area of 190ha. The eco-business zone’s area is 2400ha, it promotes the development of the Nature Reserve with its tourism and production incomes.Hengling Lake Nature ReserveIt is a provincial level nature reserve established in March 2001, mainly for the protection of wetland fishes and birds. Under the jurisdiction of Xiangyin County and located at the intersection between the South Dongtinghu Lake and East Dongtinghu Lake, the Reserve has a water area of 600,000mu, segmented by a number of rivers inside. In winter, the clear river water runs through the reed islet, not drying up throughout the year, unlike those rivers in East Dongtinghu Lake that run dry early in the winter. Due to this unique characteristic, the Reserve has been the winter home to pochards and mergansers.The Project area is not inside in any of the three Nature Reserves, so the Project construction will not cause major impact on the Reserves.3.2 Overview of Social Environment3.2.1 Administrative Division and PopulationAs a municipality directly under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located in the northern region of Hunan Province as a political, economic, cultural and transportation center of this region. It has jurisdiction over Miluo and Linxiang Cities, Pingjiang, Yueyang, Huarong and Xiangyin Counties, as well as the four administrative districts of Yueyanglou, Yunxi, Junshan and Quyuan. The total land area is 15019.2km2 and the population is 5,280,000, a sum of multi nationalities living here.3.2.2 Social EconomyIn 2005, Yueyang City realized a GDP of RMB62.857bn, having increased 11.7% over the previous year. The added value realized by Primary Industry was RMB12.190bn, an increase of 4.0%, the added value by the Secondary Industry was RMB29.194bn, an increase of 16.2%, and the added value by the Tertiary Industry was RMB21.473bn, an increase of 11.2%. Calculated based on the permanent resident population, the average GDP has reached RMB12408. The City’s total financial income was RMB3.801bn, a year-on-year increase of 15.0%, in which the general budget revenue was RMB2.450bn, an increase of 15.9%; the financial expenses was totaled at RMB4.814bn, an increase of 13.9%.The structure of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2005 was 19.4 : 46.4 : 34.2. The Primary Industry has pulled GDP growth by 0.9 percentage point, the added value of the Secondary Industry contributed 58.6% to GDP and pulled GDP growth by 6.8 percentage points, and the Tertiary Industry pulled GDP growth by 4 percentage points. The Secondary and Tertiary Industries have become the main momentum driving economic growth.In 2005, the added value realized by large-scale industries was RMB21.932bn, a year-on-year increase of 17.4%; the added value realized by small-scale industries was RMB4.119bn, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%. The characteristics of large-scale industries in terms of economic growth include: (1) Major contribution by key industries. The 8 key industries, including petrochemical, foo, papermaking, textile, mineral & building material, electricity, machineries and medicines, have realized an added value of RMB19.918bn, accounting for 90.8% of the added value realized by large-scale industries. (2) Rapid growth of Dounty/District industries. The added value realized by industries located in the 6 Counties/Cities & 1 District (Quyuan) was RMB7.224bn, a year-on-year increase of 30.9%; the added value realized by industries located in the 5 Districts (Louqu, Yunxi, Junshan, Development Zone, Nanhu) was RMB3.758bn, a year-on-year increase of 39.9%. (3) Promising future for Industry Parks. The large-scale industries located in the Industry Parks have realized a GDP of RMB10.357bn, a year-on-year increase of 52.0%. (4) Increased proportion of non-public industries. The 483 non-public industrial enterprises, accounting for 68.6% of the City’s total number of large-scale industrial enterprises, have realized 33.3% industrial added value. (5) High increase of economic benefits. The selling rate of products produced by large-scale industrial enterprises was 100.1%, an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous year; the composite index of economic benefits created by large-scale industrial enterprises was 194.8%, having increased 34.3 percentage points; the total profit was RMB0.686bn, a year-on-year increase of 82.1%; the tax revenue was RMB4.465bn, a year-on-year increase of 58.5%; however, the energy consumption has also increased to the level of 5.1t standard coal per 10,000yuan added value created by large-scale industries, having increased 29.6% compared to the previous year.3.2.3 TransportationAs the only city in Hunan Province that is located very close to Yangtze River, Yueyang City is a converging point of 1 lake (Dongtinghu Lake), 2 plains (Jianghan Plain and Dongtinghu Plain), 3 provinces (Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi) and 4 lines (Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Road 107 and Yangtze River), it is in fact another “Golden Cross” along the middlestream of Yangtze River with its importance only next to Wuhan City, especially since the successful commissioning of Dongtinghu Bridge has helped form the well developed network of “West to East” and “North to South” transportation. In 1992, Yueyang City was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of opening cities along Yangtze River banks. In 1996, one of the 8 deepwater ports along Yangtze River, Chenglingji Port was approved by NPC to open up to foreign vessels.The Project construction area is selected inside the existing Plant area, which is located in Sanjiangkou, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River, also next to two 5,000T foreign trade docks at Chenglingji Port. The land and water traffic is well developed with the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the west corridor to the vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107. In addition, the Company has constructed a special railway for transportation of raw materials and products by using the existing network.3.2.4 Historical Relics and Scenic SpotsYueyang City has a lot of historical relics and various types of tourist resources, including the widely famous Yueyanglou Tower standing on the south bank of Yangtze River, the extremely charming waterland of Dongtinghu Lake and the beautiful attraction of Junshan Island.About 9.5km away from the southwest point of the Plant area, there is the national key unit of cultural relics protection---Yueyanglou Tower. Firstly built in the twentieth year of Jian’an Reign by Emperor Xian in Donghan Dynasty (A.D.215), Yueyang City is one of the three famous buildings on south bank of Yangtze River, attracting tourists from across China for its four unique treasures: rebuilt by Teng Zijing the famous governor, the memorial article composed by Fan Zhongyan the famous politician, the calligraphy handwritten by Su Shunxin the famous calligrapher and poet, and the elegant seal cutting presented by Shao Song the well-known expert.Erecting highly on a 820m2 terrace, the spectacular Tower of Yueyanglou is an essence of ancient architecture integrating the historic, cultural, artistic, tourist and architectural values. It is collectively named as “Jiangnan Top Three Towers” with Huanghelou Tower in Wuhan and Tengwang’ge Tower in Nanchang, at the same time a part of the “Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” comprising also Dongtinghu Lake and Junshan Mountain. In January 1998, Yueyanglou Tower was approved by the State Council as the national key unit of cultural relics protection; in August 1998, “Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” was approved as national key scenic spot, the only one scenic spot included in the Eighth National Golden Tourist Line that is located inside the borders of Hunan Province, famous at home and abroad for its long history. Since its initial construction around A.D.220, Yueyanglou has a history over 1700 years. During the “Three Kingdoms” period, it was used by General Lu Su for the military review ceremony; it was named as Baling Tower in Northern and Southern Dynasties; then it was renamed as Nanlou Tower in early Tang Dynasty; it was not named as Yueyanglou until in the poem written by Li Bai in middle Tang Dynasty. In 1045, the spring of the fourth year of Qingli Reign by Renzong Emperor, Teng Zijing, the then governor, ordered to rebuild the Tower and invited his friend, the politician and writer Fan Zhongyan, to compose the “Yueyanglou Memorial”, after which Yueyanglou became a great sensation. Due to historical reasons, Yueyanglou was ruined and renovated repeatedly, but its style has been remained. It is the embody of China’s ancient architecture with typical national characteristics for its gorgeous and elegant structure. As a tourist attraction long and well known around the world, every year hundreds of thousands of Chinese and overseas tourists come a long way to have a visit. Standing beside the exquisite Dongtinghu Lake and directing to the blue sky that reflects itself on the water surface, people are reluctant to leave this wonderful world.4 Environmental Monitoring, Survey and Assessment4.1 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment4.1.1 Regional Sources of Water PollutionStatistics on the regional sources of water pollution are listed in Table 4.1.Table 4.1 Regional Sources of Water PollutionEnterpriseDischarged ToWastewater Discharge (10,000t/a)CODCr Discharge (t/a)Sinopec Baling BranchYangtze River Yueyang section700.23772.4Huaneng Yueyang Power PlantYangtze River Yueyang section116.9233.6Baling Company Therman Power PlantEast Dongtinghu Lake60.0019.9Total--877.15825.94.1.2 Monitoring Data of Surface Water EnvironmentThe monitoring data on water quality conducted during January～December 2010 and January～June 2011 at Chenglingji cross section (C1) and Lucheng cross section (C2) have been collected for conducting assessment, the monitoring factors include pH value, dissolved oxygen, CODMn, COD, BOD5, NH3-H, Total phosphor, Cu, Zn, Fluoride, Se, As, Hg, Cd, Cr6+, Pb, Cyanide, Volatile phenol, Oils, Anionic surfactant, Sulfide and Feces coli group. The monitoring data and statistics are listed in Table 4.2～Table 4.7.Chenglingji cross section is selected at upstream, 1.0km away from the outlet of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, Lucheng cross section is at downstream, 24km from the outlet.The routine monitoring results showed that in 2009 and the first half of 2011, the pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Chenglingji cross section have exceeded the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.36, the rest monitoring factors are not over the standard, all of them have met the Type III standard for water quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002).In 2009 and 2010, the pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Lucheng cross section have exceeded the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 1.54 and 0.2 respectively, the rest monitoring factors have met the Type III standard for water quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002).Table 4.2 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2009) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.098.127.90//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.009.137.16//≥5CODMn1.432.261.76//≤6COD2.5016.408.80//20BOD50.352.400.75//4NH3-H0.0510.8750.29//1.0Total phosphor0.080.2720.145.50.360.2Cu0.010.010.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.180.380.28//1Se0.00050.00050.0005//0.01As0.00020.00360.0016//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00010.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.080.02//0.2Feces coli group503500648//10000Table 4.3 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2009) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.528.657.64//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.0010.07.24//≥5CODMn1.722.691.98//≤6COD2.5010.406.45//20BOD50.353.301.63//4NH3-H0.1281.9520.84500.951.0Total phosphor0.0720.240.1311.10.20.2Cu0.010.010.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.20.50.31//1Se0.00050.00050.0005//0.01As0.00120.0180.0045//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00040.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.020.02//0.2Feces coli group1109200844//10000Table 4.4 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2010) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.598.317.91//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.059.807.05//≥5CODMn1.483.582.43//≤6COD5.0012.008.46//20BOD50.172.041.09//4NH3-H0.0360.9550.33//1.0Total phosphor0.0590.1450.11//0.2Cu0.010.020.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.180.330.25//1Se0.00050.00080.0005//0.01As0.00120.00480.0027//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00020.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.020.02//0.2Feces coli group501300282//10000Table 4. 5 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2010) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.308.807.81//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.0010.407.29//≥5CODMn1.893.382.57//≤6COD5.0010.408.42//20BOD50.733.651.9//4NH3-H0.072.540.8833.31.541.0Total phosphor0.0490.1780.098//0.2Cu0.010.020.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.220.320.26//1Se0.00050.00080.0005//0.01As0.00110.00440.0024//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00060.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.020.02//0.2Feces coli group130092002075//10000Table 4. 6 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2011, 1st half) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.308.337.95//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.058.726.64//≥5CODMn1.743.132.18//≤6COD7.8410.809.19//20BOD50.502.821.35//4NH3-H0.0250.9870.33//1.0Total phosphor0.0880.2290.1511.10.150.2Cu0.010.020.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.210.270.25//1Se0.00050.00090.0005//0.01As0.00100.00780.0028//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00020.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.020.02//0.2Feces coli group50330213//10000Table 4. 7 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2011, 1st half) Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)Monitoring FactorMinimum valueMaximum valueAverage valueOver-Standard Rate (%)Maximum Over-Standard TimesStandard Value (Type III)PH7.308.417.91//6~9Dissolved oxygen5.709.487.77//≥5CODMn1.893.212.29//≤6COD7.6010.609.52//20BOD50.553.151.47//4NH3-H0.0250.8500.51//1.0Total phosphor0.0970.1830.13//0.2Cu0.010.010.01//1Zn0.010.010.01//1Fluoride0.150.300.23//1Se0.00050.00050.0005//0.01As0.00160.00360.0025//0.05Hg0.000020.000020.00002//0.0001Cd0.00010.00010.0001//0.005Cr6+0.0040.0040.004//0.05Pb0.0030.0030.003//0.05Cyanide0.0040.0040.004//0.2Volatile phenol0.0020.0020.002//0.005Oils0.050.050.05//≤0.05Anionic surfactant0.020.020.02//0.2Sulfide0.020.020.02//0.2Feces coli group130490331//100004.1.3 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Environment1. Layout of Monitoring Sections and Monitoring FactorsThe 4 monitoring sections are distributed along Yangtze River, the specific locations are illustrated in Table 4.8 and the attached Map.Table 4.8 Layout of Monitoring SectionsSurface WaterMonitoring Section No.Location of Monitoring SectionMonitoring FactorYangtze RiverS1200m upstream from the outletWater temperature, PH, DO, CODcr, BOD5, SS, Permanganate index, NH3-N, TP, Oils, S, CN- , Ar-OH, Cr6+, Cd, As, , TNS2500m downstream from the outletS31km downstream from the outletS48km downstream from the outlet2.Monitoring Time and FrequencyWater Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted a three-day monitoring activity on October 10-12, 2010, once in each day.Analysis Method and Assessment StandardThe analysis was conducted according to the “Technological Code for Environmental Monitoring” and the “Methods for Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis” (version 3.0).Monitoring and Assessment ResultsThe monitoring results of surface water quality are listed in Table 4.9. The monitoring factors obtained at the 4 monitoring sections have all met the Type III standard for water quality as specifiec in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002).Table 4.9 Data Sheet of Monitoring and Assessment Results of Water Quality at Four Monitoring Sections of Yangtze RiverUnit: mg/l (except for pH value)SectionItempHDOCODcrBOD5SSCODMnNH3-HTPOilsSulfideCyanideVolatile phenolCr6+TNCdAsS1Minimum value7.186.9113.631.2834.23.050.080.020.01L0.0230.004L0.00150.004L0.120.001L0.0047Maximum value7.247.1114.331.3844.53.440.10.040.01L0.0260.004L0.00180.004L0.220.001L0.0056Average value7.227.0113.861.3138.73.220.090.030.01L0.030.004L0.00160.004L0.170.001L0.0052Over-standard rate0000/00000000000Maximum over-standard times0000/00000000000S2Minimum value7.086.218.183.0627.84.480.080.020.040.0630.004L0.00150.004L0.120.001L0.0031Maximum value7.236.5219.583.8542.94.870.090.040.040.0730.004L0.00170.004L0.160.001L0.0070Average value7.166.3818.883.3236.34.610.080.030.040.070.004L0.00160.004L0.130.001L0.0050Over-standard rate0000/00000000000Maximum over-standard times0000/00000000000S3Minimum value7.266.6115.382.3632.63.830.080.020.020.0390.004L0.00120.004L0.120.001L0.0072Maximum value7.336.8116.082.7641.73.960.080.080.020.0460.004L0.00130.004L0.140.001L0.0090Average value7.296.7115.732.4936.23.890.080.050.020.040.004L0.00130.004L0.130.001L0.0083Over-standard rate0000/00000000000Maximum over-standard times0000/00000000000S4Minimum value7.36.6116.782.3627.44.030.070.040.010.0520.004L0.00030.004L0.080.001L0.0077Maximum value7.386.8117.482.7633.64.090.080.080.010.0540.004L0.00030.004L0.120.001L0.0080Average value7.346.6817.02.530.64.050.080.060.010.050.004L0.00030.004L0.100.001L0.0078Over-standard rate0000/00000000000Maximum over-standard times0000/00000000000GB3838-2002, Type III6~95204/61.00.20.050.20.20.0050.051.00.0050.054.2 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment4.2.1 Ambient Sources of Atmospheric PollutionThe sources of atmospheric pollution are mainly from the Urea Operation Unit of Sinopec Baling Branch, Hunan Dongting Ramie Textile Printing & Dyeing Mill, Huaneng Yueyang Power Plant, Baling Company Thermal Power Plant, etc. The statistics on the emission of atmospheric pollutants from these four large-scale industrial/mineral enterprises are listed in Table 4.10.Table 4.10 Statistics on Sources of Atmospheric Polltants (2005)EnterpriseEquipmentExhaust Gas Emission (×104m3/a)Dust (t/a)SO2 (t/a)Urea Operation Unit of Sinopec Baling Branch5 Heating Furnaces3 Boilers1 Urea Prilling Tower2544636.90113.47Hunan Dongting Ramie Textile Printing & Dyeing Mill2 Pulverized Coal Furnaces63637.9435.58Huaneng Yueyang Power Plant4 Station Boilers25499321137.243870.50Baling Company Thermal Power Plant4 Station Boilers928107506.131387.32Total--37388651658.215406.874.2.2 Routine Monitoring of Atmospheric EnvironmentThe EIA assessment was conducted based on the collected monitoring data of atmospheric environment, including the 2009~2010 data from Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone and Yunxi District, 2010 data from Chenglingji cross section, January-June 2011 data from the abovementioned 4 rountine monitoring points. The monitoring factors include SO2, NO2 and PM10, and the monitoring results and statistics are listed in Table 4.11～Table 4.21, the locations of the monitoring points/sections are illustrated in the attached Map.Table 4.11～Table 4.21 showed that: During the period 2009～June 2011, the values of the monitoring factors SO2, NO2 and PM10 have all exceeded the standard values, the maximum over-standard times of SO2 was 0.86, monitored by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center at the roution monitoring points in March 2009; the maximum over-standard times of NO2 was 0.06, monitored at Chenglingji routine monitoring point in March 2011; the maximum over-standard times of M10 was 2.47, monitored at Yunxi District routine monitoring point in March 2010; the values of the monitoring factors obtained at other monitoring points during other periods have all met the Level II standard limits as specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996) (revised).Table 4.11 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.007-0.0630.01-0.0590.018-0.1940.034-0.1310.021-0.1220.008-0.1010.017-0.0880.001-0.0990.003-0.1820.011-0.1810.003-0.2790.006-0.1610.001-0.279Average value0.0310.0320.0760.0760.0680.0470.0430.0370.0750.0920.0640.0470.057Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %009.68000006.73.26.73.22.46Maximum over-standard times//0.29/////0.210.210.860.070.86NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.019-0.0660.016-0.0350.018-0.0640.018-0.0540.011-0.0440.007-0.0380.008-0.0300.002-0.0540.021-0.1070.042-0.1080.027-0.1070.004-0.0810.002-0.108Average value0.0380.0270.0400.0390.0280.0210.0150.0140.0580.0710.0570.0440.038Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.074-0.2810.029-0.2860.034-0.2420.035-0.4150.039-0.2730.016-0.1640.004-0.0870.027-0.1340.057-0.1930.059-0.2320.004-0.2070.030-0.1790.004-0.415Average value0.1460.1090.0960.1050.0960.0670.0520.0580.0940.1370.0680.0930.093Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %38.7259.7103.23.3003.312.93.36.49.6Maximum over-standard times0.870.910.611.770.820.09//0.290.550.380.191.77Table 4.12 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.011-0.1030.002-0.0830.003-0.0770.001-0.0690.001-0.0330.001-0.0230.002-0.0910.002-0.0700.002-0.0910.002-0.0720.001-0.0400.012-0.0760.001-0.121Average value0.0480.0320.0180.0210.0120.0080.0190.0110.0280.0170.0220.0330.022Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.015-0.0710.007-0.0490.002-0.0280.002-0.0280.002-0.0300.004-0.0260.002-0.0190.002-0.0300.006-0.0300.009-0.0650.013-0.1020.012-0.0840.002-0.102Average value0.0410.0250.0110.0100.0160.0140.0100.0070.0170.0380.0470.0490.024Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.066-0.3170.045-0.2990.032-0.2110.042-0.1340.023-0.1920.025-0.1000.015-0.1270.025-0.1710.010-0.2000.042-0.1960.016-0.1990.034-0.1760.010-0.317Average value0.1500.1350.0940.0760.1000.0540.0440.0770.0910.0930.0630.0820.088Number of samples312831283130313130313031363Over-standard rate %35.535.79.703.2003.23.312.93.36.48.7Maximum over-standard times1.110.990.41/0.28//0.140.330.310.330.171.11Table 4.13 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2009) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.014-0.1210.014-0.0260.014-0.0250.008-0.0280.002-0.0260.002-0.0200.002-0.0600.001-0.0910.010-0.1650.004-0.1630.010-0.1330.021-0.1370.001-0.165Average value0.0250.0210.0190.0200.0100.0040.0060.0210.0440.0790.0650.0730.032Number of samples151416151515163130313031259Over-standard rate %000000003.36.4000.81Maximum over-standard times////////0.100.09//0.10NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.008-0.0990.002-0.0190.002-0.0200.008-0.0420.002-0.0220.002-0.0160.005-0.0120.007-0.0490.010-0.0360.018-0.0440.005-0.0430.019-0.0430.002-0.099Average value0.0210.0120.0080.0190.0120.0110.0090.0160.0230.0410.0210.0290.018Number of samples151416151515163130313031259Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.118-0.1270.097-0.1290.094-0.2530.080-0.1590.102-0.1670.052-0.3190.042-0.1860.014-0.2760.078-0.2180.042-0.2710.018-0.2120.036-0.1990.014-0.319Average value0.1220.1190.1280.1220.1280.1530.0940.1310.1230.1440.0800.1010.120Number of samples151416151515163130313031259Over-standard rate %0018.756.7204012.522.616.738.76.76.415.8Maximum over-standard times//0.690.60.111.130.240.840.450.810.410.331.13Table 4.14 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.012-0.1440.004-0.1530.034-0.1070.022-0.0870.011-0.0860.013-0.0780.024-0.0840.003-0.0890.003-0.0910.014-0.0860.021-0.0810.006-0.0910.003-0.153Average value0.0640.0400.0630.0580.0570.0420.0490.0360.0370.0500.0520.0400.049Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %03.600000000003.6Maximum over-standard times/0.02//////////0.02NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.001-0.0950.015-0.0740.019-0.0610.012-0.0550.011-0.0380.011-0.0390.004-0.0310.004-0.0320.003-0.0370.022-0.0710.026-0.0700.008-0.0530.001-0.095Average value0.0420.0420.0370.0300.0250.0230.0100.0100.0200.0380.0470.0190.028Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.049-0.1670.003-0.1260.003-0.3970.027-0.1380.010-0.2750.036-0.1480.041-0.1410.034-0.1630.038-0.2960.063-0.2740.048-0.1930.025-0.2330.003-0.397Average value0.1030.0680.0730.0730.0900.0850.0730.0970.1000.1300.0820.0630.086Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %3.203.206.4009.76.722.66.76.45.4Maximum over-standard times0.11/1.65/0.83//0.090.970.830.290.551.65Table 4.15 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.010-0.0950.003-0.0470.003-0.0360.002-0.0240.002-0.0380.002-0.1360.002-0.2740.002-0.1300.002-0.0350.020-0.0710.003-0.0860.001-0.0500.001-0.274Average value0.0440.0160.0100.0100.0090.0150.0350.0180.0100.0440.0280.0160.021Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000003.2000003.2Maximum over-standard times//////0.82/////0.82NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.016-0.0600.003-0.0360.001-0.0360.008-0.0390.008-0.0430.009-0.0320.007-0.0430.006-0.0400.008-0.0320.012-0.0470.014-0.0530.009-0.0440.001-0.060Average value0.0350.0110.0090.0210.0210.0180.0180.0190.0210.0280.0410.0270.022Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.057-0.1680.010-0.3460.038-0.5030.039-0.1230.059-0.3620.022-0.1800.025-0.1420.027-0.1380.027-0.2100.045-0.2700.028-0.2390.026-0.1840.014-0.319Average value0.1050.1000.1000.0730.1040.0950.0650.0760.0780.1140.0900.0700.089Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %9.714.312.906.49.7006.412.913.39.77.9Maximum over-standard times0.121.312.35/1.410.2//0.40.80.590.232.35Table 4.16 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.018-0.1320.003-0.0840.002-0.0650.003-0.0860.001-0.0500.001-0.0610.005-0.1160.009-0.1300.003-0.1320.005-0.1560.013-0.1280.016-0.1440.001-0.156Average value0.0530.0280.0210.0170.0170.0220.0430.0630.0440.0360.0430.0650.038Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000003.2003.2Maximum over-standard times/////////0.04//0.04NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.015-0.0450.006-0.0420.007-0.0460.011-0.0470.006-0.0720.011-0.0810.010-0.0770.006-0.0310.012-0.0500.007-0.0670.005-0.0430.003-0.0700.005-0.081Average value0.0270.0210.0200.0270.0320.0380.0310.0160.0270.0410.0210.0370.028Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.050-0.1850.028-0.1920.037-0.5200.037-0.1730.060-0.3520.061-0.1990.049-0.1240.059-0.1500.042-0.1770.056-0.2130.055-0.2880.029-0.2800.028-0.520Average value0.1090.0860.0960.0830.1200.1190.0800.0880.0890.1120.1050.0950.098Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %9.73.69.713.316.120006.716.11016.110.1Maximum over-standard times0.230.282.470.151.350.33//0.180.420.920.882.47Table 4.17 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2010) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnualSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.015-0.0350.012-0.1440.001-0.0360.015-0.0330.020-0.0270.018-0.0250.017-0.0350.017-0.0380.002-0.0230.009-0.0350.021-0.0460.003-0.0320.001-0.144Average value0.0220.0640.0220.0200.0220.0210.0240.0240.0140.0150.0320.0160.025Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.028-0.0520.003-0.0370.002-0.0280.004-0.0490.028-0.0950.019-0.0810.006-0.0380.008-0.0590.002-0.0540.015-0.0910.003-0.0640.036-0.0910.002-0.095Average value0.0390.0220.0220.0230.0570.0550.0200.0250.0220.0480.0340.0560.035Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %0000000000000Maximum over-standard times/////////////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.075-0.2090.043-0.2130.032-0.5120.053-0.2090.071-0.3520.072-0.1890.060-0.1310.045-0.1550.048-0.1800.059-0.1820.057-0.2150.023-0.2460.023-0.512Average value0.1360.1080.1200.1100.1360.1190.0910.1040.1140.1170.1060.0830.114Number of samples312831303130313130313031365Over-standard rate %38.77.112.916.722.616.703.22016.113.316.115.3Maximum over-standard times0.390.422.410.391.350.26/0.030.20.210.430.642.41Table 4.18 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2011) Unit: mg/Nm3 Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJun1st HalfSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.010-0.1480.009-0.0790.007-0.1150.006-0.0870.007-0.1250.009-0.0840.007-0.148Average value0.0400.0350.0580.0490.0610.0400.047Number of samples262831302929173Over-standard rate %0000000Maximum over-standard times///////NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.002-0.0560.001-0.0570.003-0.070.005-0.0440.004-0.0590.010-0.0330.001-0.070Average value0.0200.0300.0360.0260.0290.0220.027Number of samples262831302929173Over-standard rate %0000000Maximum over-standard times///////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.022-0.0750.014-0.1610.015-0.2310.046-0.2070.037-0.1670.034-0.1350.014-0.231Average value0.0470.0550.1000.1110.1050.0670.081Number of samples262830262829167Over-standard rate %03.61011.510.706.0Maximum over-standard times/0.070.540.380.1100.54Table 4.19 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2011) Unit: mg/Nm3Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJun1st HalfSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.003-0.0450.002-0.050.003-0.0260.002-0.0440.003-0.0230.003-0.0780.002-0.078Average value0.0250.0170.0100.0120.0130.0260.017Number of samples312831302928177Over-standard rate %0000000Maximum over-standard times///////NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.004-0.0510.002-0.0680.011-0.0570.012-0.0550.008-0.0620.006-0.0250.002-0.068Average value0.0270.0350.0360.0350.0340.0160.030Number of samples312831302928177Over-standard rate %0000000Maximum over-standard times///////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.034-0.1490.039-0.2050.026-0.130.044-0.1470.025-0.1850.029-0.1120.025-0.205Average value0.0700.0950.070.0800.1050.0600.080Number of samples312831302929178Over-standard rate %03.60013.802.9Maximum over-standard times/0.37//0.2300.37Table 4.20 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2011) Unit: mg/Nm3Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJun1st HalfSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.022-0.1320.007-0.1610.003- 0.1640.013-0.1440.007-0.1150.002-0.1370.002-0.164Average value0.0740.0730.0730.0580.0470.0440.062Number of samples312831253030175Over-standard rate %07.13.20001.7Maximum over-standard times/0.070.09///0.09NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.012-0.0680.011-0.0670.011-0.0580.008-0.0460.005-0.0740.005-0.0340.005-0.074Average value0.0390.0330.0320.0280.0280.0220.030Number of samples312831303130181Over-standard rate %0000000Maximum over-standard times///////PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.041-0.1350.046-0.2280.047-0.2080.081-0.1790.062-0.2680.037-0.1380.041-0.268Average value0.0790.1250.1110.1130.1400.0910.110Number of samples312831303030180Over-standard rate %014.316.11050015.1Maximum over-standard times/0.520.390.190.79/0.79Table 4.21 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2011) Unit: mg/Nm3Monitoring Factor & StandardItemJanFebMarAprMayJun1st HalfSO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.005-0.0160.008-0.0350.003-0.0320.003-0.2710.012-0.1890.002-0.1070.002-0.271Average value0.0100.0140.0130.0340.0730.0450.032Number of samples312831263129176Over-standard rate %0003.83.201.2Maximum over-standard times///0.810.26/0.81NO2GB3095-1996Level II standard0.12 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.018-0.0710.011-0.0640.005-0.1270.002-0.0490.013-0.0890.008-0.0440.002-0.127Average value0.0400.0340.0460.0240.0400.0240.035Number of samples312828243130172Over-standard rate %003.60003.6Maximum over-standard times//0.06///0.06PM10GB3095-1996Level II standard0.15 mg/ m3Range of daily average concentration0.035-0.1170.036-0.2250.037-0.1430.047-0.1220.051-0.2010.035-0.1340.035-0.225Average value0.0640.1110.0930.0790.1130.0760.089Number of samples312831263129176Over-standard rate %021.40019.406.8Maximum over-standard times/0.5//0.3400.54.2.3 Quality Monitoring of Atmospheric Environment1.Monitoring Point, Factors and UnitOnsite monitoring points of ambient air have been set up by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center respectively at Chenglingji Primary School, Yanshou Primary School and Taoli Village of Guojiaju Township, the layout of the monitoring points is illustrated in the attached Map, the locations of the monitoring points are shown in Table 4.22.Table 4.22 Quality Monitoring Points of Ambient AirMonitoring PointRelative Direction and Distance to the Project AreaA1 Chenglingji Primary SchoolN, 0.62kmA2 Yanshou Primary SchoolSW, 5.2kmA3 Taoli Village of Guojiaju TownshipSE, 6.8kmThe monitoring factors include SO2, NO2, PM10, NH3, and TSP.2.Monitoring Time and FrequencyThe monitoring time was May 23-29, 2011, a consecutive 7 days of monitoring activity. The sampling was conducted according to the “Technological Code for Environmental Monitoring” (Atmospheric Environment), including the monitoring on hourly concentration and daily average concentration of NO2 and SO2, daily average concentration of PM10 and TSP, hourly concentration of NH3. The monitoring on hourly concentration includes 4 times of sampling at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 respectively, each time not less than 45 minutes.3.Analysis MethodThe analysis was conducted according to the currently applicable national standards and technological codes.4. Assessment StandardIn light of the official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau concerning the Project’s EIA standard, the assessment on ambient air was conducted according to the Level II standard values as specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996), the assessment on the concentration of NH3 was conducted according to the regulation on “the maximum allowed concentratiion of hazardous substances in residential ambient air” as specified in the “Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010). The standard values are listed in Table 4.23.Table 4.23 Assessment Standard for Ambient Air Quality Unit: mg/m3ItemSO2NO2PM10TSPNH3Hourly concentration0.50.24//0.2Daily average concentration0.150.120.150.30/Standard“Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-96), Level II“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010)5. Monitoring ResultsThe monitoring results listed in Table 4.24 showed that the hourly and daily average concentration of SO2 and NO2 have met the Level II standard as specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3095-96), the daily average concentrations of PM10 and TSP have exceeded the standard, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.55 and 0.06 respectively, mainly because of the dry weather and the impact of traffic-raised dust due to its closeness to the road.The concentrations of NH3 monitored at each monitoring point did not exceeded the standard, the emission of NH3 is in accordance with the limits for maximum allowed concentration of hazardous substances in residential ambient air as specified in the “Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise”.Table 4.24 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Ambient Air QualityMonitoring PointItemSO2NO2PM10TSPNH3A1Chenglingji Primary SchoolHourlyConcentration range (mg/m3)0.005-0.0120.026-0.065///Maximum value to standard value (%)2.427///Over-standard rate (%)/////Maximum over-standard times/////Daily averageConcentration range (mg/m3)0.006-0.0100.038-0.0530.133-0.2320.181-0.320/Maximum value to standard value (%)6.744154.7106.7/Over-standard rate (%)//42.928.6/Maximum over-standard times//0.550.06/A2Yanshou Primary SchoolHourlyConcentration range (mg/m3)0.020-0.0260.030-0.070//0.072-0.094Maximum value to standard value (%)5.229.2//47Over-standard rate (%)/////Maximum over-standard times/////Daily averageConcentration range (mg/m3)0.022-0.0250.043-0.0590.147-0.164//Maximum value to standard value (%)16.749.2109.3//Over-standard rate (%)//42.9//Maximum over-standard times//0.09//A3Taoli Village, Guojiaju TownshipHourlyConcentration range (mg/m3)0.006-0.0240.017-0.050///Maximum value to standard value (%)4.820.8///Over-standard rate (%)/////Maximum over-standard times/////Daily averageConcentration range (mg/m3)0.007-0.0220.023-0.0350.096-0.142//Maximum value to standard value (%)14.729.294.7//Over-standard rate (%)/////Maximum over-standard times/////4.3 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment1.Layout of Monitoring PointsThere are no environmentally sensitive points around the Project area, so the layout of noise monitoring points is easy, altogether 10 monitoring points were set up around the Project area in the four directions of East, South, West and North.2.Monitoring Time and MethodOn October 11-12, 2011, once in the daytime and nighttime of each of the two days. The monitoring was conducted according to the requirements specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” (GB3096-2008). The monitoring unit is Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory.3.Assessment StandardThe assessment of noise at the Plant boundary was conducted according to the Type III standard limits as specified in the “Urban Area Environmental Noise Standard” (GB3096-93), i.e., Daytime: 65dB(A), Nighttime: 55dB(A).Monitoring ResultsThe monitoring results showed that the noise values at daytime and nighttime monitored at each monitoring point around the Plant area have met the Type III standard limits as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3095-2008).Table 4.25 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Acoustic Environment Unit: Leq[dB(A)]Monitoring PointDaytimeStandard ValueNighttimeStandard ValuePlant boundary, east59.46554.255Plant boundary, south56.855.0Plant boundary, west57.954.0Plant boundary, north54.052.84.4 Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality1.Layout of Monitoring PointsIn order to further understand and assess the current quality of the groundwater environment, it was planned to conduct monitoring on the quality of groundwater environment inside the region under the impact of the Project construction. Two groundwater monitoring points have been set up around the Project area, one in Household Dai and the other one in Household Chen, both in Leigutai Village of Yongji Township, close to the northeast corner of the Plant area.2.Monitoring Factors pH, Total rigidity, Soluble total solid, CODMn, Sulfate, Chloride, Cyanide, Volatile phenol, NH3-H, Nitrate, Nitrite, Fluoride, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Hg, Cr6+, As and Total coli group, 20 items in total.3.Monitoring Time and Sampling FrequencyOn October 12, 2011, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center conducted monitoring once.Monitoring and Assessent ResultsThe monitoring results of groundwater quality listed in Table 4.26 showed that the monitoring factors at Household Dai in Leigutai Village, Yongji Township have met the Type III standard as specified in the “Groundwater Quality Standard” (GB/T14848-93), while the monitoring factors of total rigidity, Pb and Mn at Household Chen have exceeded the standard values, the over-standard times are 0.14, 0.28 and 0.48 respectively. The reason is mainly because of the impact caused by domestic sewage water and industrial wastewater. At present, the residents’ drinking water is completely from municipal supply of tap water, so the groundwater quality has a comparatively small impact on the residents’ drinking water safety.Table 4.26 Monitoring Results of Groundwater Quality Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)SectionItempHNH3-HTNNO3-NO2-Volatile phenolCyanideTotal rigidityF—SO42—Cl—W1Monitoring value7.140.120.200.830.01L0.00100.004L315.10.5426.7521.14Over-standard times00000000000SectionItemAsHgCr6+PbCdFeMnCODMnSoluble total solidTotal coli groupW1Monitoring value0.004710.0002880.004L0.0110.001L0.0140.0652.084412Over-standard times0000000000SectionItempHNH3-HTNNO3-NO2-Volatile phenolCyanideTotal rigidityF—SO42—Cl—W2Monitoring value7.050.140.221.190.01L0.00110.004L514.90.4993.8649.46Over-standard times00000000.14000SectionItemAsHgCr6+PbCdFeMnCODMnSoluble total solidTotal coli groupW2Monitoring value0.008100.000002L0.004L0.0640.001L0.0180.1482.9381824Over-standard times0000.28000.48000“Groundwater Quality Standard”, Type IIIpHNH3-HTNNO3-NO2-Volatile phenolCyanideTotal rigidityF—SO42—Cl—6.5~8.5≤0.2/≤20≤0.02≤0.002≤0.005≤450≤1.0≤250/AsHgCr6+PbCdFeMnCODMnSoluble total solidTotal coli group≤0.05≤0.001≤0.05≤0.05≤0.01≤0.3≤0.1≤3.0≤1000≤3.05 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact5.1 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during ConstructionThe engineering construction during the course of construction mainly includes civil construction, machinery operation, manual operation, equipment installation work and so on. And then temporary buildings and warehouse during construction, such as material processing and concrete mixing plant, are set up. Therefore, during the construction, construction activities will inevitable have an influence on the environment, which may pollute or destroy the environment. Construction activities mainly include site cleaning, earthwork dig and landfill, fugitive dust from material handling, noise from piling, concrete mixing, pouring and electric saw, household refuse, construction wastes and sanitary and construction waste water dropped by builders.5.1.1 The Analysis of Impact on Environment and Air（一）Fugitive DustDuring the course of construction, because the earthwork construction can destroy the surface structure, therefore, it may result in ground dust. The probability of having a fugitive dust is closely related with soil condition, such as moisture content of the earthwork, construction seasons, construction weather, wind direction, wind speed and humidity such weather conditions and the degree of construction mechanization and management level such management conditions. The main sources of construction dust are：The fugitive dust in the digging process of earthwork and earthwork temporary yards used in pipeline and foundation excavation;The fugitive dust in the process of concrete mixing;The site handling of building materials, such as lime, cements, sand, stones and bricks and stacking dusts.The secondary dust in the site road brought in by the heavy traffic;The cleaning of construction waste and yard dusts.The dust emission and its influence are complicated problems difficult to be quantified. The assessment makes a prediction on its load used analogy method. If the wind speed is2.4m/s, the analogy result of fugitive dust on construction site can be seen in Table 5-1.Table 5-1 The Fugitive Dust Pollution on Construction SiteProject NameTSP Density（mg/m3）Upwind Downwind20m40m80m100m150mGroup One0.311.741.451.020.30Group Two0.321.440.940.660.32From the data in Table 5-1, with the reference of fugitive emission monitoring concentration limits (1.0 mg/m3) in GB16297-1996 Atmospheric Pollution Integrated emission standard material, we can see that the construction fugitive dust makes an influence of pollution when downwind at the range of 100m; At the distance of40m, the overproof limits is 0.44~0.74times of the original; At the distance of 80m, the maximum limits is 0.45 times of the original. With the reduction of the distance, the influence of the pollution decreases gradually; At the distance of 100m, the maximum limits is 0.02 times of the original, and at the distance of 150m, the monitoring concentration limits can reach background concentration when upwind.The technological upgrading project lies in the Yue paper mill, and people mainly live in the dormitory of the Yue paper mill. This project should take environmental protection measures of sprinkling and so on to effectively control the construction fugitive dust within the standard limits, so that the influence of the fugitive dust on protection targets can be reduced to the minimum limits.（二）Vehicle ExhaustDuring the course of construction, various kinds of projects and transportation need vehicles, including haulage truck, tip lorry, excavators, forklift truck, and bulldozer and so on.Usually, exhausts of trucks which use petrol and diesel as their fuel contain HC, particulate matter, CO, and NOX such pollutants and the quantity of pollutant discharged can be seen in Table 5-2.Table 5-2 Quantity of Main Pollutant Discharged in Vehicle ExhaustsFuel HCParticulate MatterCONOXUnitPetrol-fueled1.230.565.945.26g/KmDiesel-fueled77.861.8161.0452.0g/hOn the construction site the influence of vehicle exhaust on environmental has such features:1.Vehicles work within the construction site; therefore, the exhausts are in the non-point source pollution form.2.The height of vehicle’s exhaust pipe is a little low, so that the diffusion range is not wide, which has a little influence on the surroundings.3.Vehicles are not in continuous operation, therefore, the time and quantity of pollutant discharge are relatively little.5.1.2 Analysis of the Influence of Waste WaterUsually, the construction waste water includes dewatering well drainage on earthwork stage, concrete curing drainage on structural stage and other kinds of vehicle flush water. The construction waste water often is alkalescent, which has oil pollution and a great quantity of suspended matter. The pH value of construction waste water is 10, SS is about 1000-6000mg/L, and the oil pollution is 15mg/L.The sanitary sewage of builders comes from temporary living quarters, which includes washes and fecal sewage. The pollutant concentration is : CODcr about 380mg/l, NH3-Nabout 25mg/L、BOD5 about 220mg/L，SS about260 mg/L. It discharged without any treatments; the above construction waste water and sanitary sewage can not only pollute the surrounding surface water but can have a bad effect on underground water. After taking measures, bringing waste water in local current sewerage system and discharge after being treated, then the bad effect can be avoided.5.1.3 Analysis of the Influence of NoiseThe noise during the construction mainly includes equipment noise of kinds of construction machineries, such as pile hammer, blender, and traffic noise from all materials transporter and so on.When the noise intensity of construction machineries is between 85~105 dB (A), it is featured with high noise value, irregularity and abruptness. Therefore, it has a partial and short-time effect on environment, which will be disappear with the accomplishment of the construction.5.1.4 Analysis of the Influence of Solid WasteConstructions abandon soil: It comes from and leveling, earthwork excavation in the course of construction. Although builders have thought about backfilling the earthwork to reduce abandon soil, there will be temporary spoil ground, which has a bad effect on air, soil and ecology in a short period of time.Construction Waste: It includes residue, waste steel bars, waste iron wire, and kinds of waste scrap steel parts, Metal pipe waste, waste wood, saw dust, wood shavings, all sorts of adornment material packing cases, packaging bag, fugitive mortar and concrete, brick bubbles, Broken concrete blocks, yellow sand, pebbles and block stones in the process of handling and so on. Although the construction waste doesn’t contain poisonous and harmful ingredients, if not cleaned in time, fugitive dust will come into being to pollute the air; When it rains, dusty fractions will run into drainage ditch with surface runoff, which will largely increase suspended matter in the water, resulting in the temporary pollution and siltation of drainage ditch. Therefore, the construction waste should be cleaned in time. It is strictly prohibited to throw them away and piled up.If the construction abandon soil is treated without taking protective measures; if construction waste in doesn’t cleaned in time, and it household garbage pile up everywhere, dusts will generate, odor gas will pollute the atmosphere, and if rains, it may pollute the soil and underground water. The construction solid waste should be sent to yards according to classified collection, so that the bad effect on local soil and water body will be avoided.According to the field survey, currently the site area hasn’t related equipment disposal plan. If the construction unit wants to tear down the old bleaching system equipment, the dismantling order should be: cut off the power, clean the equipment surface, remove pipes used to fix , dismantle and connect the equipment and take connecting bolts used for equipment and platform apart, remove the equipment. In the process of dismantling, waste oil will be produced but there will be no asbestos and other dangerous chemical. It is suggested that after collecting waste oil in tin can, deliver them to the unit which will deal with them safely, and the dismantling should be operated by man and machine.The assessment of dismantling the scrap equipment should be in the charge of professional materials recovery unit. After dismantling, lifting should be moved by cars to outside but not pile up in the site area. The dismantled equipment should be sold, which will have a little impact on the surroundings.5.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation Stage5.2.1 Analysis of Environment and Atmosphere ImpactThe technological transformation project makes technological transformation on the bleaching section of the reeds workshop. The project will generate exhausts which contain ClO2 and a little Cl2 in the preparation process of ClO2. Through the investigation of ClO2 workshop on the similar project Ruanjiang Paper, we know that it produces a little Cl2, and has a little effect on the surrounding environment.5.2.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Surface Water Environment1.Prediction ContentAfter the accomplishment of this project, in normal and abnormal conditions, the company will make a prediction on the impact of receiving waters’ quality.2.The choice of predictorsAccording to the sewage feature of this project, we choose CODCr、BOD5 as predictors. Meanwhile, AOX is one of the featured pollutants of pulping bleaching waste water. AOX has three effects, which are causing poison, teratogenesis and mutagenesis on aquatic organism. Therefore, after considering the pollution of chromaticity and BOD5 of bleaching effluent, we pay more and more attention to the discharge of AOX. This assessment will also briefly analyze the influence of AOX.3.Estimation RangeThe estimation range of assessment is a section of Yangtze River 0.5km upstream to 10km down stream of the project site.4Prediction MoselThe waste water of the technological upgrading projects discharges into the Yangtze River and it will form a pollution belt near one side of the drain outlet. Therefore, we make the prediction by using 2-dimensional water quality model.Two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:The weakening two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:In the formula, c(x,y)-- Vertical average concentration increment (mg/l) at (x，y);x,y—respectively, they are vertical distance (m)and horizontal distance (m)from the computational point to drain outlet.u-- Average Velocity of Cross Section of River, m/s;-- Pollutants Emission Concentration, mg/l;--Upstream Pollutant Concentration, mg/l;-- Sewage Quantity, m3/s;-- Horizontal Mixed Coefficient, m2/s;H-- Rivers Average Water Depth, m;B-- Rivers Average Width, m；K-- Oxygen Consumption Coefficient of River, 1/d.According to the requirement of Assessment Technical Guideline of Environmental Impact, by using Taylor experience formula the mixed coefficient of prediction model My is In the formula, I—the bottom slope, other signs can refer to the above.Model Parameter EstimationAccording to the minimum monthly average flow series from Cheng Lingji hydrological station, after frequency analysis and calculation we can see that the condition to guarantee the most dried-up month average hydrology at the percentage of 90% is that:The Yangtze River：Qh=4495m3/s，H=2.7m，U=0.24m/s，B=150mThe Prediction Background Value and the Source of PollutionWe can see the prediction background value from Table 5-3, and the discharge of waste water source can be seen in Table5-4.Table 5-3 Table of Prediction Background Value of Water QualityProject CODBODLevel Period10.11.63Drought Period15.22.44Table 5-4 The Waste Water Pollution Source before and after the Upgrading and Extension Unit：g/sOperating ConditionAfter treatmentSewage Treatment Station FailureCODcrBODCODcrBODEmission Load after the project43.019.56176.2168.74The Actual Emission Load43.4912.05146.2749.38Increase Reduction after the Project-0.48-2.49+29.94+19.367.The Result of Prediction Assessment 1.The Prediction Result of Water Quality of COD、BOD, see in Table 5-5, 5-6.Table 5-5 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment in Normal Circumstances Unit：Mg/l y(m)x(m)CODCr020508010015010014.84015.06215.19915.20015.20015.20030014.99215.04915.17215.19915.20015.20050015.04015.06815.15215.19315.19915.200100015.08715.09815.13815.17615.19015.199150015.10815.11415.13915.16715.18115.195200015.12115.12515.14215.16315.17615.189500015.15115.15215.15515.16015.16315.167800015.16115.160`15.16015.16115.16215.162850015.16215.16115.16115.16215.16315.163 y(m)x(m)BOD02050801001501002.3602.4092.4402.4402.4402.4403002.3942.4072.4342.4402.4402.4405002.4042.4112.4292.4382.4402.44010002.4152.4172.4262.4352.4382.44015002.4202.4212.4262.4332.4362.43920002.4232.4232.4272.4322.4352.43850002.4292.4292.4302.4312.4322.43380002.4312.4312.4312.4312.4322.43285002.4322.4322.4322.4322.4332.433Table 5-6 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment after Sewage Treatment Station’s Failure Unit：Mg/l y(m)x(m)CODCr020508010015010017.75116.17715.20615.20015.20015.20030016.67016.26715.39915.20915.20115.20050016.33616.13815.54215.25315.20915.200100015.99915.92615.63815.37215.27315.207150015.84915.80815.63515.43315.33215.235200015.75915.73215.61415.46115.37315.275500015.54615.54315.52015.48515.46215.432800015.47915.48315.48315.47715.47215.466850015.46815.46015.45415.45015.44515.439 Y(m)x(m)BOD02050801001501004.0903.0722.4442.4402.4402.4403003.3903.1302.5692.4462.4402.4405003.1753.0462.6612.4742.4462.44010002.9572.9092.7242.5512.4872.44515002.8592.8332.7212.5912.5252.46320002.8012.7842.7082.6092.5522.48950002.6642.6622.6472.6242.6092.59080002.6202.6232.6232.6192.6162.61285002.6152.6172.6172.6122.6072.601With the reference of water quality assessment criterion of assessment regions, we can see that:(a)After the accomplishment of this project, because the emission load of the plant’s water pollutant has reduced, at the distance of 8500m, COD can reduce 0.038 mg/l, at the distance of 8500m BOD can reduce 0.008mg/l.(b)When sewage treatment station fails, the waste water accident has an effect on BOD5 of Yangtze River. At the downstream drain outlet, it appears an overproof pollution belt, which is 100m long and 10m wide.2.Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions Impact(a)Biological Toxicity of AOXBiological testing method can directly reflect the toxicity of industrial sewage and its harm and influence on aquatic biology environment. Fish eggs and fry are the most sensitive stage to the living environment as to the fish. It is accepted by most scholars to make experiments at the early development stage of fish eggs and fry. In our country, some scholars have made such experiments to learn the toxicity feature on bleaching effluent of AOX. Some researches use different diluted concentration of chemical pulp paper stock bleach effluent of some paper mill (the main toxic substance is AOX, with mass concentration of 37.5mg/L), it shows that when the dilution factor is less than 30, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry is higher than the control group. But when the dilution factor reaches 100, 300, and 1000, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry are similar with the control group at 96h, which shows that in this circumstance the influence is so little. At the same time, acute toxicity experiment of AOX on fish eggs and fry, at 96h the half lethal concentration of fish eggs is 774 ml/L. It is also reported at abroad that in such experiment, when the content of AOX is 2.0～6.0mg/L, salmon’s survival rate keeps between 95～100%, there is no significant difference with the control group.(b)Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions ImpactThe quantity of AOX is directly related with active chlorine quantity in bleaching process. After the project’s technological upgrading, by using non- element chlorine bleaching technology of D0-Ep-D1in bleaching process, using ClO2 to substitute Cl2 as bleacher, and there is no Cl2 in a free state in the bleaching process. AOX produced by the bleaching of ClO2 is only 1/5 time of the bleaching of Cl2, which can decrease the acidity, chromacity and the content of Nacl of bleaching effluent. There are no dioxin and toxic substances from biological accumulation in the ECF bleaching process. According to the monitoring report, after the technological upgrading, AOX concentration in the waste water from the drain outlet is 6.67 mg/L, and the wastewater average concentration fits the Table 2 of The Pulp and paper Industry Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants (GB3544-2008).After advanced treatment with project waste water, the concentration of AOX is 0.010mg/L, and so is the absorbable organic halogen concentration.After calculation, when the waste water flows into Yangtze River, the maximum contribution value of AOX is 0.010mg/L with prediction density of 0.000005mg/L after perfect mixing, which shows that when AOX is normal discharged, waste water has a little influence on Yangtze River.5.2.4The Prediction and Assessment of Noise（一）Strong Noise SourceThe noise source of this project is stuff pump, water pump and air compressor. The main noise equipment and noise level can be seen in Table 2-30. The noise equipments are intensive distributed. Our project will predict the influence of each noise source on predicted position, and then adds the prediction value to get the sound level.（二） Prediction Model(1) Point SourceorIn the formula, Lp (r) ——Sound Pressure Level (dB);r ——the Distance between Predicted Position and Sound Source (m);r0——the Distance between Reference Position and Sound Source (m);Lp (r0) ——Sound Pressure Level of the Reference Position (dB);LW——Source Sound Power Level (dB); at normal temperature, it is related with sound pressure level LP as the following:LP——the average noise level of enveloping surface (s) (dB);s ——the area of enveloping surface (m2).Q ——directivity factor Q，completely free space Q=1，half free space Q=2，1/4 free space Q=4，1/8 free space Q=8.（2）Superposition Model of Sound LevelIn the formula, Li——the Sound Pressure Level of Sound Source i at the Predicted Position dB (A);LB——the Background Sound Pressure Level dB (A);Ln——the Sound Pressure Level of the Predicted Position n dB (A).(三) The Prediction of Noise Influence in the period of Technological Upgrading OperationAfter the project is completed and in operation, because the project noise is far from the site and is indoor noise, according to such cases, the noise of this project has no effect on the acoustic environment beyond 220m. Therefore, supposed the noise equipments are used at the same time and work round the clock, the noise contribution to factories within 220m is seen in Table 5-7.From the Table5-7, we can see that the contribution value is less than 50Db. The days and nights noise value can satisfy criterion of Industrial Enterprise Factory Bound Noise Emission GB12348－2008,and has a little effect on factory bound.Table 5-10 the Prediction Result of Noise Influence Unit：dB (A)NumberMonitoring SitesBackground ValueContribution ValueSuperposition ValueDaytimeNightDaytimeNightNoise within Factory Bound（GB12348－2008）Ⅲ Category65556555Factory Bound E Face59.454.234.7459.4154.3Factory Bound S Face56.855.029.0956.8155.01Factory Bound W Face57.954.029.957.9154.02Factory Bound N Face54.052.842.6254.353.25.2.5 The Analysis of Solid Waste Impact on EnvironmentFrom the engineering analysis, the solid waste after the accomplishment of this project is the sludge and sodium sulfate sewage treatment plant. Sludge contains a large quantity of flammable organic, and has certain heat value. Through mixed with fire coal as boiler fuel, it can not only reduce residue pollution with the utilization of waste products, but also can decrease the coal consumption by burning recycling heat energy. The sodium sulfate can be recycled and used in alkali recovery workshop of the company. From this, we can see that the solid waste from the technological upgrading project can be utilized comprehensive, and has no effect on the outside environment.6 Measures to Mitigate Impact 6.1Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period6.1.1 Measures to mitigate impact of waste gas pollution In order to mitigate waste gas pollution, the construction site should improve the management of construction and environment; implement a environmental friendly construction institution. it is suggested to take following measures to minimize the pollution1, Strict project site rules: construction should be taken closed and isolated with baffle plate during the project period. The road should take hardening and be sprinkled regularly to get rid of the floating dust. Projection should be paused when wind speed is high. The vacant field of the site can be greened.2.Control the period easy to the generate dust: sprinkle the earth-rock excavation working field, the earth and rock should be filled in tome or transported to designated place. Transportation can be based on the original roads of the factory area so as to mitigate dust pollution during transportation. Vehicles and roads used for transportation shall be washed and cleaned in time; the road shall be kept in proper humidity; wash equipments shall be set in the vehicles before driving out of the construction site; vehicles are required to drive in a low speed or limited speed when in the working field in order to mitigate the dust; vehicles transporting sand and stone, cement, dregs, etc should be covered with cloth; cement cans in bulk shall be kept separately.3.Mitigate the dust in the material during usage and storage: construction materials should be loaded and unloaded with care; commercial concrete is suggested to mitigate the dust pollution; commercial cement in bag is suggested; cement in bulk shall be kept in airproof storage and pneumatic discharge; avoid stirring the cement at the project site; the earth in the vehicle shall be lower than the baffle when loaded and transported; temporally piled earth and sand shall be covered with cloth or sprinkled regularly; dregs shall be cleared and transported as early as possible; the construction roads shall be sprinkled regularly for dust proof.4.Machines discharges heavy smoke should be installed with smoke-eliminating equipments to mitigate the pollution.5.Vehicles and machines discharge most tail gas when in idle speed and are slowing down and accelerating, so they should be kept in smooth speed in the project site in order to eliminate pollution.6.Workers of the construction should hygiene energy like electricity, liquid gas, etc.6.1.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Water PollutionIn order to mitigate impact of waste water pollution, below measure are suggested:1.Construction force should meet the rules concerning environmental protection in the contract.2.An overall plan about temperate draining system in the construction field before constructing, a temperate drainage ditch for the rain to be drained shall be dug during construction, also, a clay bank should be constructed to prevent the rain from flowing into the whole flat area, so that the water will not gather within the area where may influence the stability of the slope.3.Recycling the water for wash and for curing the concrete, waste water, rain, waste water of piling mud and water gathered in the field shall be collected and treated by chemical precipitation process, then discharge the supernatant, and transport the mud with mud vehicle. In the site where vehicles and machines are washed and repaired, mini-sized oil-separating and oil-gathering tanks shall be set for the site would emit waste water containing oil and waste. Water discharge should meet the demands of GB8978-96, Level I.4.Simple pour-flush latrines shall be set in the project site; the waste of latrines shall be collected and treated in the septic tank of Grade III. The waste water should be kept in the tank for at least 12 hours, and then discharged together with ordinary domestic waste water after treated to meet the standard. Oil-containing waste water discharged from the canteen shall be treated by oil separation, and then discharged together with ordinary domestic water after treated to meet the standard.6.1.3 Measures to mitigate impact of noise pollutionIn order to make the noise in the construction field meet the standard, below measures are suggested:1.Lower the noise from the source. Choose equipment of low noise as much as possible, for example, high frequency vibrator, prestressed static pile or water-jet filling pile(little damage to the geology) instead of impact piling when piling; lower the noise of fixed machine, earth-excavating and earth-transporting machine by blow-down silencer and separating the vibrating spare part of the engine; enhance the quality of equipment installment; take vibration reduction or vibration proof for major machines; take regular repairmen and care for dynamic equipment so as to prevent the loosen spares or damaging muffler from increasing noise. Equipment should be shut down in time when out of use.2.Arrange the pattern inside construction site reasonably: avoid installing plenty of dynamic mechanic equipment at the same place in order not to make too much noise; set sound barrier around the loud noise equipment to reduce the noise; construct walls around the project site of certain height according to the rules; machines of loud noise shall be installed in the north of the field so as to reduce the influence to the sensitive spots outside the south boundary of the field.3.Arrange the construction time reasonably: avoid the simultaneous working of all loud noise machines. Constructions are forbidden at night except for the work of drilling machine for simplex pile, cleaning, concreting, digging foundation pit, concreting basement and concreting roof which need continuous work. Constructions at night must be taken under the permission of environmental protection ministration. If work of loud noise is arranged at night, temperate noise barriers are suggested to be set around the machines to reduce the impact of noise.4.Minimize the man-made noise: arrange the equipment according to the rules. Avoid generating noise during loading or unloading the templates and frameworks; materials shall be carried and unloaded with care; construction tools should not be left around or afar; vehicle shall be kept in a limited speed after entering the site and the horns are not allowed to be sound.6.1.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste PollutionIn order to mitigate impact of solid waste pollution, below measures are suggested to take:1.Arrange the procedure of construction reasonably, balance the earth excavation and earth fill; fill the earth in time to reduce the influenced time and area to the air, soil and ecology.2.Arrange the construction period reasonably, fill with construction solid waste as much as possible; recycle the solid waste during construction to reduce the total volume of emission. Construction solid waste shall be piled to the special place according to the requirements of local environmental protection ministration; for the waste needed piled by separately, categorization under the rules shall be done first, then delivered to the designated dump sites. Construction waste shall be treated and leaned in time, and not allowed to dump into the lake nearby.3.Construction field and workers living quarters should install temperate waste collectors which shall be cleaned in time and delivered to the designated piling ar filing sites. Waste scatter or casual dump is forbidden. 4.Waste paint or dope shall be collected by special containers and delivered to institutions qualified to treat hazardous solid waste or the producers. Waste paint kettle shall be recycled by the producer after collection, or sold to recycling companies. Self-clean by the constructors is not allowed. 5.Waste machine oil can be generated when removing the old whitening equipment, therefore, it is suggested to be collected with iron cans and then delivered to qualified institutions. Machines shall be transported away by vehicles after removed instead of being piled within the area. Removed old equipment can be sold to reduce the impact to the surroundings.6.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water During Operation Period1.Analysis of the treatment scaleAfter the completion of the project, the quantity of water feed and water discharge of mud purification system would reduce. According to the project analysis, the discharge of Huawei Workshop is 10115.8m3/d, a 4043.2 m3/d less than the discharge amount before technique improvement. Therefore, after the improvement current waste water treatment system can meet the need of this project.2.Treatment techniqueWaste water of the pulping in this project is treated by aerobic waste water treatment station of the company. The treatment procedure is shown by Figure 6-1Chemical pulping waste waterDeink waste waterPrimary sedimentation tankCooling towerHomogeny tankFiltrateAeration tankMuds reflowSludge thickeningSludge dewateringSecondary sedimentation tankRecycling delivered sludgeAerobic waste water treatment stationDischarge wastewater meeting the requirements into Long RiverFigure 6.1 Aerobic waste water treatment procedureAfter treatment, according to the inspection, all the indexes of emission are within the limitations of Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard GB3544-2008 Table 1, higher than the limitations of Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard GB3544-2008 Table 2; all the indexes of discharge at the electric plant are within the limitations of Waste Water Total Discharge Standard GB8978-1996 Table 3. According to the Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard, all the papermaking enterprises should meet the requirements of Table 2, therefore, the enterprise intend to raise the amount of agent used in the waste water treatment station. According to the operation test in July, 2011, the waste water discharge can meet the requirement of Table 2.6.3 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during OperationPeriodThis technique improvement project intends to improve the whitening section of Huawei Workshop. According to the survey of ClO2 production workshop section of Ruanjiang Papermaking Factory, the construction may generate a little tail gas during the ClO2 producing proceed. The tail gas mainly contains ClO2 and a little Cl2. Tail gas generated during the whole procedure will enter scrubbing tower, scrubbed by chilled water. Then thin ClO2 solution would enter absorption tower to continue absorbing ClO2 gas to get thicker. A little Cl2 would be emitted directly by the blower. Since only a little Cl2 would be generated, the influence towards surroundings is also very weak.6.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation PeriodThe noise source of the project is mainly mud pump, water pump and air compressor.Noise Control Principles1.Noise control measures taken during the design are basically under principles below:Starting with controlling noise source, the requirement that noise volume of equipment shall be produced under the standard volume needs to be raised when ordering. For some equipment, it is necessary to install noise elimination and noise separation spare.2.When designing equipment and tubes, attentions should be paid in vibration proof and crush proof in order to reduce the vibration noise. Flow field situation when transporting gas shall be improved so as to reduce aerodynamic noise.3.When designing the factory buildings, major working and resting places should be kept away from strong noise source; call room is necessary concerning the noise proof and separation for the workers. Noise separation volume shall be guaranteed.4.Overall plan, reasonable arrangement and noise proof distance shall be considered in the overall design. Greening area should be set all around factory area, to reduce the noise impact by a further step.During the actual operation, noise control measures shall be taken respectively according to each workshop and source, the control principles are as below:1.for mechanic vibration noise source, major measures are vibration reduction and noise separation;2.for noise source within the workshop, dual measures are noise separation and working environment separation protection;3.for interval noise source, measure is paralleling common mufflers, reducing the amount of mufflers;4.for noise of high pressure draft, major measure is reducing pressure and air or damping noise elimination.6.5 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation PeriodThe solid wastes of technique improvement project are sludge and mirabilite. The sludge mainly contains organic components and can be delivered to dynamic boiler to burn so as to recycle heat energy. The solid waste generation and treatment of the project are shown in Table 6-2.Table 6-2 Generation and Treatment of Solid WasteNameGenerationprocedureVolumeSolid componentTreatmentDry weight（t/a）Water ratio（%）SludgeWaste water treatment station2.0285OrganismBurningSludge from waste water treatment stationAfter the completion of the project, the factory would generate approximately sludge 2.02 t/a, with the water ratio of 85%. Since the biochemical treatment of the factory is exposure, most sludge comes from primary sedimentation tank. Taken method of analogue, the chemical components of sludge are shown in Table 6-3.Figure 6-3 Major Chemical Components of SludgeItemConsistencySludge consistency1.5-2.0%（with water）Al81-450As<0.1B<0.1Cl6-49Cd<0.01Ca8.35Cd6+<0.01Na97-430Fe9.32Pb0.78trate nitrogen0.04-0.8P3-15K13-19sulphate83-640Total N30-420Total C1990-8700COD8000-46000According to the data of the figure above, major components of sludge are organism and miner fiber, which would be delivered into boiler as fuel in the project.The alkali recycling system needs mirabilite and as by-product, 4332t/a of mirabilite would be generated in the project and can be directly used in the alkali recycle workshop.7 Assessment of Environmental Risk 7.1 Risk Assessment LevelThrough the identification of material danger, major hazardous source and environmentally sensitive area of the construction project, the assessment level of environmental risk of this project can be divided according to the criteria for assessment level division specified in Table 7-1.Table 7-1 Criteria for Environmental Risk Assessment Level DivisionHighly Toxic Hazardous SubstanceToxic Hazardous SubstanceCombustible or Flammable Hazardous SubstanceExplosive Hazardous SubstanceMajor hazardous source = 1 \* ROMAN I = 2 \* ROMAN II = 1 \* ROMAN I = 1 \* ROMAN INon-hazardous source = 2 \* ROMAN II = 2 \* ROMAN II = 2 \* ROMAN II = 2 \* ROMAN IIEnvironmentally sensitive area = 1 \* ROMAN I = 1 \* ROMAN I = 1 \* ROMAN I = 1 \* ROMAN IAnalysis of Hazardous SubstancesAccording to the "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects" (HJ/T169-2004), the danger of the toxic, hazardous, flammable or explosive substances within the risk identification range of the project should be identified. The standards for hazardous substances can be seen in Table 7-2.Table 7-2 Standards for Hazardous SubstancesSubstance categoryGradeLD50 Orally median lethal dose (Rat Orally) mg / kgLD50 Cutaneously24h median lethal dose (Rat Cutaneously) mg / kgLC50 nasally 4h median lethal concentration(Inhalation by mouse, 4 hours) mg / LToxic substance1<5<1<0.0125<LD50<2510<LD50<500.1<LC50<0.5325<LD50<20050<LD50<4000.5<LC50<2Flammable substance1Flammable gas: the substance exists as a gas under atmospheric pressure and forms an ignitable mixture when mixing with air; its boiling point (under atmospheric pressure) is 20 ℃ or below 2Combustible liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 21 ℃and a boiling point that is higher than 20 ℃ 3Flammable liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 55 ℃, exists as a liquid under pressure, and can cause major accidents in the actual operating conditions (such as high temperature and pressure) Explosive substanceThe substance can explode under the influence of flames, and is more sensitive than nitrobenzene towards impact or friction Note: (1) a toxic substances that comply with No. 1 or 2 criteria for toxic substance identification belongs to highly toxic substances; a toxic substance that comply with the No. 3 criteria for toxic substance identification belongs to toxic substances.(2) The substances that comply with the standards for flammable substances and explosive substances in the Table shall be regarded as hazardous substances that tend to cause fire or explosion.According to the identification methods of the "Technical guidelines for environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004) and the "Identification of major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the identification of major hazardous source of this project can be seen in Table 7-3:Table 7-3 Identification and analysis of Major Hazardous SourceNameRisk CategoryFormCritical Quantity on Storage Site (t)Actual quantityCritical quantitySulfuric acidCorrosive acidLiquid50200Sodium chlorateStrong oxidizingCrystal25100MethanolFlammabilityLiquid10500Hydrogen?peroxideCorrosive and oxidizingLiquid50200Chlorine dioxideStrong oxidizingLiquid0.550MethaneFlammabilityGas0.09950Identification of major Hazardous SourceThe functional units shall be divided in accordance with the conditions of the used chemicals. Any functional unit that produce, process, transport, use or store hazardous substances in quantities equal or exceeds the critical quantity of the functional unit shall be identified as a major hazard source. According to the number of types of substance handling, the quantity of hazardous substances existing in each unit shall be divided into the following two situations: 1.If the hazardous substance existing in a unit belongs to a single species, the quantity of this substance shall be the total quantity of hazardous substances within the unit, if the quantity of this substance is equal to or exceeds the corresponding critical quantity, then this unit can be identified as a major hazardous source.2.When various species of hazardous substances exist in a unit, it shall be determined by the following formula, and If the following formula can be met, the unit can be identified as a major hazardous source:……………………………………Formula 7-1Where: q1,q2...qn——Actual quantity of each hazardous substance, t.Q1,Q2...Qn——The critical quantity corresponding to each hazardous substance in production area or storage area, t.According to the identification basis and methods in Section 4.2.3 of the "Technical guidelines for environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004), and as against the name and critical situation of each hazardous substance in Appendix A.1 of the Risk Guidelines and the "Identification of major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the major hazardous source of this project shall be identified.Conclusion of Major Hazardous Source Identification According to the definition of unit in the "Identification of major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the edge distance of the production site and the storage site of the technological transformation project is less than 500 meters, thus the two ones shall be identified as one unit.Calculated by Formula 7-1, it can be seen that the ∑q/Q of the production site and storage site is less than 1, thus this project’s existing quantity of substance does not constitute a major risk source, and the project can be determined as a project without anon-hazardous source one pursuant to this condition.Identification of Environmentally Sensitive AreasThe project site is located in the plant site of Yueyang Paper Mill, there is no scenic spot, nature reserve and cultural heritage and other target requiring special protection around the project. Based on the above identified hazardous substances and the situation of non-hazardous source, combined with the environmentally sensitive degree of the project site and other factors, the level of environmental risk assessment has been ultimately determined as Level = 2 \* ROMAN II. 7.2 Environmental Rsk Identification7.2.1 Identification of the Scope of RiskThe scope of environmental risk identification includes the risk identification of production facilities and the risk identification of substances involved in the production process. 1.The scope of risk identification of this project’s production facilities mainly refers to the production facilities, storage and transportation system, public utility system, engineering and environmental protection facilities and auxiliary production facilities within the entire plant site.2.According to main raw/auxiliary materials used in this project, products and the "Three Wastes" pollutant emissions in production process, the scope of risk identification of substances involved in the production process shall be determined.7.2.2 Identification of risk substancesAccording to the query of the standard Name List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002 version) and relevant materials, the hazardous chemicals involved in the production of this technological transformation project include sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol, methane, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, and the names, physical and chemical properties, toxicity and other information concerning these substances can be seen in Table 7-4 ~ 7-9.Table 7-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric Acid NatureGB No.81007Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.7664-93-9Chinese name硫酸English nameSulfuric acidOther name磺镪水Molecular formulaH2SO4Appearance and characterThe pure chemical is colorless transparent oily liquid, odorlessMolecular weight98.08Vapor pressure0.13kPa(145.8℃)Melting point10.5℃Boiling point:330.0℃SolubilityMiscible with waterDensityRelative density (water = 1) 1.83; relative density (air = 1) 3.4StabilityStableHazard label20 (corrosive acid)Main purposeIt can be used in the production of chemical fertilizers, it can also be used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics, dyes, petroleum refining and other industries Hazardous characteristicsHazardous characteristics: when it contacts with combustibles (such as benzene) and organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), it will react violently or even cause a fire. It can release hydrogen after reacting with some active metal powders. It can release large amount of heat and cause boiling and splashing when contacting with water. It is strong caustic. Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxides.ToxicityAcute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (ingestion by rat); LC50510mg/m3, 2 hours (inhalation by rat); 320mg/m3, 2 hours (inhalation by mouse)Health hazardsPathways: inhalation, ingestion.Health hazards: it has strong irritating and corroding effects on skin, mucous membranes and other tissues. Towards eyes, it can cause conjunctivitis, edema, corneal opacity, even blindness; it can cause irritation to the respiratory tract, severe cases may show dyspnea and pulmonary edema; high concentration can cause spasm of larynx or edema of glottis, and even death. It can cause burns or even ulcers of digestive tract after oral administration of. Severe cases progress to gastric perforation, peritonitis, spasm of larynx and edema of glottis, kidney damage, shock, etc.. Chronic impact includes dental erosion, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pulmonary sclerosis.Accidental release measuresThe personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to a safe area, unauthorized access to the contaminated area shall be prohibited, and it is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear protective face-shields and chemical protecting suits. Reasonable ventilation, never direct contact with the leaked substances, never make the leaked substances contact with combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), stop the leakage under safe conditions. Spay water fog to slow down volatile (or spread), but never directly spray water towards the leaked substances or the leaking point. Mix the leaked substances with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then collect and transport the mixture to waste disposal sites. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water; the diluted washing water shall be discharged into waste water system. In case of leakage in large amount, control the leakage by using cofferdam, and then collect, transfer, recycle or dispose after harmless treatment. Protective measuresRespiratory protection: When it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas masks or demand-type helmets must be worn. In case of emergency rescue or escape, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.Protective clothing: Wear working clothes (made by anti-corrosion material).Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.Others: take a shower after work. Store the clothes polluted by toxic substances separately, and use the washed clothes. Maintain good health habits.First aid measuresSkin contact: Remove the contaminated clothing, immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. Or flush with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Undergo medical treatment.Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Give aerosolized 2-4% sodium bicarbonate solution inhalation. Undergo medical treatment. Ingestion: If swallow, drink milk, egg white, vegetable oil, etc., do not induce vomiting. Undergo medical treatment immediately.Fire fighting methods: sand. Do not use water.Packaging and storageUse tankers for shipping. Use tanks for storage within the plant, with an amount of about 50t in storage.Environmental standardsThe maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within workshop (2mg/m3)The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere within residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/m3, daily average value 0.10mg/m3)Table 7-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium ChlorateNatureGB No.51030Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.7775-09-9Chinese name氯酸钠English namesodium chlorateOther name氯酸碱Molecular formulaNaClO3Appearance and characterColorless odorless crystal, salty and cool taste, deliquescenceMolecular weight106.45Vapor pressureDecompositionMelting point248～261℃ ???????SolubilitySoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanolDensityRelative density (water = 1) 2.49StabilityStableHazard label11 (oxidant)Main purposeIt can be used as oxidant, and in the production of chlorate, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, etc., and it can also be used in metallurgical ore processingHazardous characteristicsHazardous characteristics: strong oxidant. In case of strong heat or contacting with strong acids, explosion can occur. When it is mixing with reductants, organic materials, combustible materials, such as sulfur, phosphorus or metal powder, an explosive mixture can forms. Rapid heating can cause an bustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.ToxicityAcute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (rat orally)Health hazardsPathways: inhalation, ingestion, absorption through the skin.Health hazards: its dust has an irritating effect on the respiratory tract, eye and skin. Acute oral toxicity is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage, or even suffocation.Accidental release measuresIsolate the contaminated area, restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained breathing apparatus and normal working clothes. Do not direct contact with the leakage, never make the leakage contact with organic matters, reducing agents and flammable substances. Leakage in small amount: avoid air-borne dust, and collect it in dry, clean, covered containers by using clean shovels. Leakage in large amount: collect for recycling or sent to waste disposal sites for treatmentProtective measuresRespiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its powder and dust, it is recommended to wear self-absorption filter anti-dust respirators.Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.Body protection: wear polyethylene protective clothes.Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower after work. Maintain good health habits.First aid measuresEye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water. Undergo medical treatment. Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting. Undergo medical treatment. Fire fighting methods: fight the blaze with plenty of water, and put out the fire with powder extinguishing agent.Packaging and storagePlastic woven bag lined with plastic film, 50kg/bag. Adopt automobile transportation. Warehouse shall be set up within the plant site for storage, and the storage capacity is 25t.Environmental standardsThe former Soviet Union Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within workshop 5mg/m3The former Soviet Union (1975) Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in water 20mg/L Table 7-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of MethanolNatureGB No.32058Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.67-56-1Chinese name甲醇English namemethyl alcohol；MethanolOther name木酒精 Molecular formulaCH4O；CH3OHAppearance and characterColorless liquid with a pungent odorMolecular weight32.04Vapor pressure13.33kPa/21.2℃ Flash point:11℃Melting point-97.8℃?Boiling point:64.8℃SolubilitySoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents, such as alcohols, ethers, etc. DensityRelative density (water = 1) 0.79; relative density (air = 1) 1.11StabilityStableHazard markers7 (flammable liquids)Main purposeIt can be used in the production of formaldehyde, fragrance, dye, medicine, gunpowder, antifreeze, etc.Hazardous characteristicsFlammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open fires or high heat, combustion and explosion can occur. When it contacts with oxidizers, chemical reaction or a fire can occur. In a fire, the heating containers have a risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at lower position, and in case of open fires, a return to burning can occur. Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.ToxicityToxicity: it has moderate toxicity.Acute toxicity: LD505628 mg/kg (ingestion by rat); 15800mg/kg (rabbit via skin); LC5082776mg/kg, 4 hours (inhalation by rat); 5 ~ 10ml ingestion by person, the incubation period is 8～36 hours, it can induce coma; 15ml ingestion by person, retinitis occurs within 48 hours, blindness; 30 ~ 100ml ingestion by person can result in serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory weakness, death.Sub-acute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3 inhalation by rat, 12 hours / day, 3 months, the damage to trachea and bronchial mucosa, nutritional disorders of cerebral cortical cells can be seen within 8～10 weeks. Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: brewer's yeast 12pph. Inhibition of DNA: human lymphocytes 300mmol / L.Reproductive toxicity: ingestion by rat TDL0: 7500mg/kg (pregnant for 7～19 days), it affects the behavior of newborn rats. Inhalation by rat TDL0 : 20000ppm (7 hours), (pregnant for 1～22 days), it can cause abnormal development of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular system and urinary system.Health hazardsHealth hazards: it has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system; it has a special selective effect on optic nerve and retina, which caused disease; it can cause metabolic acidosis. Acute poisoning: Short-term over-inhalation can cause a mild irritating effect on eyes and upper respiratory tract (oral intake causes gastrointestinal irritation); following an incubation period, headache, dizziness, fatigue, dizziness, drunken feeling, dim consciousness, delirium, and even coma occur. Optic nerve and retinal disease occurs, blurred vision and double vision may occur, and even blindness of severe cases. In case of metabolic acidosis, the reduction of carbon dioxide combining power and the respiratory acceleration occur.Chronic effects: neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, mucous membrane irritation, vision loss, etc. Degreasing skin, dermatitis, etc.Accidental release measuresThe personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic suits. Do not directly contact with the leakage. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible, and prevent the access to sewers, flood discharge trench and other restrictive space. Leakage in small amount: absorb it by sand or other non-combustible materials. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into waste water system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage by establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cover the leakage with foam to reduce vapor disasters. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive collectors by using explosion-proof pumps. Recycle or transport the collection to waste disposal sites for treatment.Protective measuresRespiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter-type gas masks (half-masks) should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear air breathing apparatus.Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower after work. Implement pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.First aid measuresSkin contact: remove contaminated clothing, wash the skin thoroughly with soap and clean water.Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water. Undergo medical treatment.Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and administer gastric lavage with clean water or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution. Undergo medical treatment. Fire fighting methods: move containers from the fire site to a clear area as far as possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool until the end of the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the pressure relief safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire extinguishing agent: alcohol type foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.Packaging and storageUse tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with an amount of about 10t in storage. Environmental standardsThe maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within workshop (50mg/ m3)The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere within residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value 1.00mg/ m3)Table 7-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of MethaneNatureGB No.21007Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.74-82-8Chinese name甲烷English namemethane；Marsh gasOther name沼气Molecular formulaCH4Appearance and characterColorless, odorless gasMolecular weight16.04Vapor pressure53.32kPa/-168.8℃ Flash point: -188℃Melting point-182.5℃?Boiling point:-161.5℃SolubilitySlightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohols, etherDensityRelative density (water = 1) 0.42 (-164 ℃); relative density (air = 1) 0.55StabilityStableHazard label4 (flammable liquid)Main purposeIt can be used as a fuel, and it can be used in the production of carbon black, hydrogen, acetylene, formaldehyde, etc.Hazardous characteristicsHazardous characteristics: flammable, when it is mixed with air, an explosive mixture can be formed, and in case of heat source and open fires, the risks of combustion and explosion occur. It reacts violently with bromine pentachloride, chlorine, hypochlorite, nitrogen trifluoride, liquid oxygen, oxygen fluoride, and other strong oxidants. Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.ToxicityToxicity: slightly toxic. Allow the gas to safely spread to the atmosphere or be used as a fuel. It has a simple stifling effect; the suffocation caused by lack of oxygen at high concentrations induces poisoning. When its concentration in air is up to 25 ~ 30%, dizziness, rapid breathing and movement disorders occur.Acute toxicity: inhalation by mouse 42% concentration× 60 minutes, it has a anesthetic effect; inhalation by rabbit 42% concentration × 60 minutes, it has a anesthetic effect.Health hazardsPathways: inhalation.Health hazards: methane is basically non-toxic to human, but when its concentration is too high, it can significantly reduce the oxygen content in the air and become suffocating. When the concentration of methane in air is up to 25% -30%, it can cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, inattention, rapid breathing and heart rate, ataxia. If a person has not got out of the exposure promptly, it can cause suffocation and death. Skin contact with liquid methane can cause frostbite.Accidental release measuresThe personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the windward of the area, isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protective suits. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Reasonable ventilation shall be conducted to accelerate proliferation. Spray water mist for dilution and solution. Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing cofferdam or digging pit. If possible, the released gas shall be sent to an open area by using exhaust fan or by burned by installing appropriate nozzle. The leaking container may also be moved to an open area, and attentions shall be paid to ventilation. the leaking container should be properly handled, repaired and tested before reuse.Protective measuresRespiratory protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but it is suggested that under special circumstances, self-absorption filter respirators (half-mask) shall be worn. Eye protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but protective glasses shall be worn in high concentration exposure.Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.Hand protection: wear protective gloves for general operations.Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Avoid long-term repeated exposure. When the operations are needed to be conducted in tanks or other restrictive space or space with high concentration, the operations must be supervised.First aid measuresSkin contact: in case of frostbite, undergo medical treatment.Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment. Fire fighting methods: cut off the gas supply. If the gas supply can not be cut off immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool the containers, and if possible, move the containers from the fire site to an open area. Fire extinguishing agent: water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder.Packaging and storageThe methane generate in the Project’s waste water treatment process shall be collected in the gas container, and the maximum storage capacity is 140m3Environmental standardsThe former Soviet Union The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within workshop 300mg/m3The U.S. The health standards of workplace Asphyxiating gasesTable 7-8 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen PeroxideNatureGB No.51001Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.7722-84-1Chinese name过氧化氢English namehydrogen peroxideOther name双氧水Molecular formulaH2O2Appearance and characterColorless transparent liquid, with faint peculiar smellMolecular weight43.01Vapor pressure0.13kPa(15.3℃)Melting point-2℃/ without water Boiling point:158℃/ without waterSolubilitySoluble in water, alcohols or ethers, insoluble in benzene, petroleum etherDensityRelative density (water =1)1.46(without water)StabilityStableHazard label11(Oxidant)，20(corrosive material)Main purposeIt can be used in bleaching or medicine, it also can be used as analytical reagentHazardous characteristicsHazardous characteristics: explosive and strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide itself is non-combustible, but it can react with the combustible atmosphere and emits large amounts of heat and gases that cause fire and explosion. Hydrogen peroxide is the most stable at a pH value of 3.5～4.5, it can easily decompose in alkaline solution, in the case of strong light, especially short-wave rays, it also can decompose. When it is heated to a temperature of above 100 ℃, it begins to rapidly decompose. It can form explosive mixtures with many organic compounds, such as sugar, starch, alcohols and petroleum products, and in case of impact, heat or electrical sparks, an explosion can occur. When contacting with a number of inorganic compounds or impurities, hydrogen peroxide can decompose rapidly and cause an explosion, and then it can release a lot of heat, oxygen and water vapor. Most heavy metals (such as copper, silver, lead, mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and salts are active catalysts, and dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder, rust, and so on can also accelerate its decomposition. In a sealed container with a suitable ignition source or temperature, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more than 74% will cause gas explosion. Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen and water.ToxicityAcute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat via skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours (inhalation by rat)Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10μL/dish; escherichia coli 5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353?mol/L. Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogenicity review: animal probable positive.Health hazardsPathways: inhalation, ingestion.Health hazard: inhalation of its vapor or mist has a strong irritating effect on respiratory tract. Direct eye contact with its liquid can cause irreversible damage or even blindness. Oral poisoning symptoms include abdominal pain, chest pain, dyspnea, vomiting, and temporary motor and sensory disturbances, fever and so on. It may cause visual impairment, epileptic seizures, or paresis in occasional cases.Accidental release measuresThe personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid and alkali resistant?suits. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible, and prevent the leakage from accessing to sewers, flood discharge trench and other restrictive spaces. Leakage in small amount: absorb it by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials to absorb. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into waste water system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage by establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cool and dilute the steam by spraying water mist, so as to and protect on-site personnel and dilute the leakage into non-combustible material. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive collectors by using pumps, and recycle the collection or send it to waste disposal sites for treatment.Waste disposal methods: the waste liquid can decompose after diluted with water, it can release oxygen, and the waste liquid can be discharged into the sewer after through decomposition. Protective measuresRespiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-absorption filter respirators (full mask) should be worn.Eye protection: it has been done in the Respiratory protection.Body protection: wear polyethylene gas-protection suit. Hand protection: wear neoprene?gloves.Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower and change dresses after work. Pay attentions to personal hygiene.First aid measuresSkin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water.Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water. Undergo medical treatment. Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment. Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and undergo medical treatment. Fire fighting methods: firefighters must wear fireproof and gas-protection overalls. Move containers from the fire site to a clear area as far as possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool until the end of the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the pressure relief safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire extinguishing agent: water, water mist, dry powder, sandy soil.Packaging and storageUse tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with a capacity of 50m3 Environmental standardsThe former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in ambient air of workplace 1.4mg/m3Table 7-9 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine DioxideNatureGB No.----Physical and chemical propertiesCAS No.10049-04-4Chinese name二氧化氯English nameChlorine dioxide；Chlorine oxideOther nameMolecular formulaClO2Appearance and characterReddish-yellow gas with a pungent odor, it can spread on the ground, and it is usually diluted a solution with a concentration of below 10% for use and storageMolecular weight67.45Vapor pressure9.9℃/97.2kPa (explosion)Melting point-59℃???? SolubilityInsoluble in waterDensityRelative density (water =1)3.09(11℃)；relative density (air=1)2.3StabilityUnstableHazard labelMain purposeUsed as a bleaching agent, deodorant, oxidant, etc.Hazardous characteristicsHazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can react explosively with many chemical substances. It is very sensitive to heat, vibration, shock and friction; and it can decompose easily and explode. Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.ToxicityNo recordHealth hazardsPathways: inhalation, ingestion.Health hazards: it has a strong irritating effect. It mainly caused irritation to eyes and the respiratory tract after contact. Chlorine dioxide inhaled in high concentrations may cause pulmonary edema. It can result in death. Chlorine dioxide gas in high concentrations that cause serious damage to the respiratory tract may be irritating to the skin. Chlorine dioxide solution in high concentrations contacted by the skin or ingested may cause intense irritation and corrosion. Long-term exposure can cause chronic bronchitis.Accidental release measuresThe personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to?the windward side, and the contaminated area shall be isolated till the gas has dissolved. Emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and chemical protecting suits. Cut off the fire source. Prevent the leakage from contacting with combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas source, dilute the leakage by spraying water mist, and conduct ventilation by extraction (indoor) or strong ventilation (outdoor). The leaking containers can not be reused, and the remaining gas shall be removed through technical processing.Protective measuresRespiratory protection: in case of relatively high concentration in the air, protective masks should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus. Eye protection: wear chemical safety protection glasses.Body protection: wear anti-corrosion working suits.Hand protection: when it is possible to contact with the poison, anti-chemical gloves shall be worn.Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower after work. Maintain good health habits.First aid measuresSkin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment. Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment. Ingestion: if swallow, have a gargle with water, and drink milk or egg white. Undergo medical treatment.Fire fighting methods: cut off the gas source. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool.If possible, move the on-site containers to an open area.Packaging and storageAfter the project’s self-produced chlorine dioxide for its own use has been adsorbed in water, the solution shall be kept in tanks for temporary storage, and the storage capacity is 10m3Environmental standardsThe U.S. Health standards of workshop 0.3mg/m3The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful organic matters in water in 0.4mg / LThe sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used by this project and the methane and chlorine dioxide generated in production processes are toxic, flammable and ?strong oxidizing, they may adversely affect the surrounding environment and the personnel in accidents; therefore, taking the risks and reserves of all the substance of this project together,? methanol solution can be determined as the assessment factor of material leakage of this project, and the main risk types are fire, explosion and poisoning;7.2.3 Risk TypeThe project’s processes with the occurrence of accidental risk include the transportation, storage, production and use processes of hazardous chemicals, and the risk types can be identified as follows:Loading and unloading process and transportation processThe sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used in the Project’s production are mainly provided by land transport, and thy are transported by special vehicles for the transportation of raw materials. The main risk factors existing In the course of transportation, loading and unloading are:1.Traffic accidents (such as collision, rollover, etc.) can result in the leakage of raw materials, the poisoning of driver and those people ?standing round the crashed vehicles, as well the pollution of the surrounding water body, thus serious environmental damage and casualties can occur.2.In the loading and unloading, staff’s mishandling can result in the leakage of materials, thus the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in the surrounding area can exceed the threshold limit and cause staff poisoning.B. Storage and production processesThe dangerous articles used in the production of this Project, including sulfuric acid, methanol and hydrogen peroxide are mainly stored in tinplate?cans. The risk factors in storage and production processes are:1.Methanol liquid is highly volatile, although no fire or explosion shall occur within a short time, due to the extremely high solubility of methanol vapor in water, it can quickly distributed in human body and cause damage after absorption, the visual impairment can rapidly develop into blindness, and severe cases may have bradycardia, convulsions, shock and other symptoms.2.Methanol catches fire soon, and due to the high temperature and the strong fire, it can not be extinguished easily, and once it is burning, people and plant equipments is likely to be burned and destroyed?in?fire.3If methanol leaking in large amount can not be timely controlled, methanol gas can become explosive when mixed with air, and in case of open fires, electrostatic sparks or sparks caused by collision, serious explosion may occur when the explosive limit of the mixture is reached.7.3 Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences7.3.1 Chemical AccidentsAccording to the "National Chemical Accident Casebook" edited by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information?of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry, this assessment has gathered the information of accidents occurred in China in 1949-1982, and the results are as follows:There are 13,440 cases of accident, including 17 types of accidents, namely object striking, fire, physical explosion, chemical explosion, poisoning and suffocation, as well as other injuries; the causes of accident include 19 kinds, namely protective equipment defects, violations of operating rules, design flaws, safety device defects and others; among 13,440 cases of accident in statistics, there are 261 cases of fire (1.94%), 1056 cases of explosion (7.86%), 505 cases of poisoning and suffocation (3.76%), 828 cases of ?injury produced by fire and heat (6.16%); classified by causes of the accidents, there are 6165 cases of violations of operating rules (45.87%), 1076 cases of equipment defects (8.00%), 651 cases of personal protective defects (4.84%), 784 cases of lack of protective devices (5.83%), 138 cases of protective equipment defects (1.03%), 40 cases of lack of safety devices (0.29%), as well as 57 cases of safety device defects (0.42%). From the perspective of?causes of accidents, violation of operating rules is the main cause of accidents.According to another survey, among the recorded chemical accidents occurred in 95 countries worldwide in 20 - 25 years before 1987, the liquid chemical accidents have accounted for 47.8%, the liquefied gas accidents have accounted for 27.6%, the gas accidents have accounted for 18.8%, and the solid accidents have accounted for 8.2 %; classified by sources of the accidents, the process accidents have accounted for 33.0%, the accidents occurred in storage process have accounted for 23.1%, the accident occurred in transportation process have accounted for 34.2%; from the perspective of?causes of accidents, the accidents caused by mechanical failure have accounted for 34.2%, and the accidents caused by human factors have accounted for 22.8%. From the perspective of?the development trend, with increasing technological sophistication concerning disaster prevention since the 1990s, the frequency of the occurrence of disastrous accident with great influence has decreased.7.3.2 Analysis of Risk Factors of AccidentMost of the raw and auxiliary materials used in this project are flammable substance, so risks concerning fire, explosion and material leakage accidents exist in the production process.In addition, in case of the leakage of hazardous chemicals used in the production of this project, a series of accidents resulting in personal danger and hazard and property damage shall occur. If the leaking flammable gas or liquid is contacting with a certain energy source or fire source, fire and explosion will occur; it the leaking corrosive materials is splashing accidentally to the body of any employee, chemical burns will occur; if the leaking toxic material is ingested by any employee, acute poisoning or occupational disease will occur. Therefore, staff shall always on their guard against?the leakage of materials in the production process. The following parts are inclined to leak in production.1.PipelineAll of the pipelines used in the delivery of materials are likely to leak. Partial leakage of the pipelines may be caused by pipeline material defects, mechanical damage, a variety of corrosion, weld cracks or defects, external damage, construction defects, as well as special factors.2.Pumps and valvesLeakage may be caused by pump housing and shaft seal defects, defects of discharge valve and lubrication system, poor sealing or packing defects of valves and flanges of piping system, normal corrosion, as well as faults in operation.3.Connections of instrument and meter and device sealsLeakage may be caused by the quality defects and the defects of flange seals, propeller?shaft stuffing box and other connections of the flow meter, thermometer and other instruments and meters used in the production process.4.Accessories and safety devicesThe bursts in unreliable accessories and safety devices may lead to leakage. Leakage may be caused by the overpressure rupture?induced by safety valve failures.5.Production equipmentThe quality defects, the lacking of compression resistance?and the extended use of the equipments can result in the corrosion of equipments used in the production process, and the through corrosion of equipments may lead to the leakage, combustion and explosion of flammable materials.6.Venting and overflowDue to the operating system failure or the fault and misjudgment in operation, materials may overflow the tankers of the production and storage devices.7.Packaging materials If the packaging materials of the hazardous materials have quality defects or are put into extended use, or the handling and carrying fail to comply with relevant provisions and the packages fail to be packed and unloaded gently, and the throwing, hitting, striking, dragging, tilting and rolling of packages can not be avoided, the packaging materials may be damaged and the inner materials will leak.In addition, in case of a certain energy source or fire source, a large amount of flammable liquids used in the production process of this project will burn and explode, so fire source should be strictly controlled within the production area.7.3.3 Maximum confident accident?From the above assessment of accident hazard unit, it can be seen that the accident risks of the project mainly consist of fire, explosion and hazardous materials leakage, and the analysis of this project has focused on the diastral accident caused by the rupture of methanol tank.7.3.4 Analysis of impact of?accidental leakageDue to accidental?causes, accidents caused by chemical spills may occur. According to "Technical?Guidelines?for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects" (HJ/T169-2004), the?leak rate?of liquid can be calculated based on the Bernoulli equation, and the formula is as follows: Q=CdAρ1\* MERGEFORMAT (8.6-1)Where: QL——leak rate?of liquid, kg / s;Cd——coefficient of liquid leakage, the value range is 0.6~0.64 usually, with a value of 0.6;A——area of fracture, m2, with a value of 3.14cm2.ρ1——liquid density (kg·m-3), the density of methanol is 792kg/m3;P——media pressure within container, Pa;Pa——ambient pressure, Pa, with a value of P = Pa;g——gravity acceleration, with a value of g=9.8m/s2;h——the height of liquid above the fracture, m, with a value of 1.0m.In this project, the maximum storage capacity of methanol storage tank of is 7t, assuming that the rupture of tank’s valve or pipe is caused by aging, and when the area of fracture is 0.000785m2, the leak rate?of methanol is about 0.381kg/s; 7.3.5 Prediction of Consequences of the Accident 7.3.5.1 Impact assessment of environmental damage1.Volatilization of methanolThe volatilization of leaking methanol shall be calculated in accordance with the formula of the volatilization of hazardous substances in open storage, and the formula can be seen as follow:Where: G――the volatilization of hazardous substances, g / h;V――indoor wind speed, m / s; with a value of 2.4 m / sF――open area, m2; with a value of 10 m2.PH――saturated vapor pressure, mmHg;M――molecular weight of hazardous substances, with a value of 32.T――absolute temperature of harmful substances K;A 、B――constants, A, B values of a variety of substances can be obtained ??from the common physical manuals. A value of methanol is 38324, B value is 8.802.Based on the above formula, when the average wind speed is 1.8m/s, in case of methanol leakage, the volatilization of the leakage in the air shall be: 28224 g/h, and 7.84 g/s on average.2.Forecasting modelTowards the leakage within?a?short?time, the multi-puff model can be used for forecasting. The time of this project’s emissions of toxic substances can be predicted as 30 minutes.3.Results of accident risk predictionUnder stability of Class D, the results of accident emission assessment are shown in Table 7-10.Table 7-10 Results of Accident Emission Assessment under Stability of Class DAssessment contentEmissions of substancesPrediction timeMaximum concentration (mg/m3)Distance from the maximum concentration (m)Distance from exceeded concentration downwind (allowable concentration in residential areas) (m)MethanolThe 5th minute1722.948.0245The 10th minute1722.948.0310The 15th minute1722.948.0310The 20th minute1722.948.0310The 25th minute1722.948.0310The 30th minute1722.948.0310From the above Table, it can be seen that after the volatilization and spread of the leaking methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.9mg/m3, which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is an area downwind with a radius of 310m.7.4 Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk China always persist in the policy of?"precaution crucial, safety first" in safety production, thus the priority will be given to prevention. The implementation of effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of accidents, minimize the possible damage caused by accidents, and reduce the impact of unexpected accidents on air, water environment and ecological environment. Strict environmental safety management shall be implemented in daily management; meanwhile thorough emergency response strategy to accidents shall be developed, so as to conduct rapid response, orderly evacuation of personnel and emergency monitoring and rescue in the event of accidents.7.4.1 Preventive Measures concerning General Layout and Building Design In general layout and building design, relevant preventive measures should be implemented: the seismic protection of buildings should be carried out based on 7 degrees; the fire protection rating of building should be not less than Grade = 2 \* ROMAN II; watery plant species shall be adopted in the afforestation of plant-site. Green hedges or dense bush should not be planted around production facilities and roads (especially the space between fire lanes), the afforestation of plant-site should not obstruct ire-fighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each partition and the spacing between each partition should be identified in accordance with relevant fire prevention and fire-fighting requirements; a safe distance between the raw/auxiliary materials warehouse and workshop, office, transformer substation should be set up, so as to meet the standards required in the "Code for fire protection design of buildings" GBJ16-87's. 7.4.2 Risk Prevention Countermeasures and Measures?inTtransit Since the carriage of dangerous goods shall be undertaken by qualified institutions, so the transporters should be careful and cautious in transit, so as to ensure safety. To this end, attentions should be paid to the following problems:1.excellent chemical-specific tankers with safety performance should be adopted for transportation, necessary protective equipments and fire-fighting equipments shall be equipped on the tankers at the same time, so as to prevent accidents; transportation routes and transportation time should be planned in a rational manner. Densely populated areas and residential areas shall be avoided; meanwhile, the tanker driver shall receive rigorous training and obtain certification.2.The loading and shipment of dangerous goods should be carried out by fixed vehicles and fixed personnel. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used for the carriage of dangerous goods should be relatively fixed, and each vehicle should be used specially. All containers of hazardous substances, including tank trucks, shall not be used to contain the other articles, especially foods. The vehicles must be special purpose vehicles, and in case of emergency task of vehicle shortage, no motor-bicycle or motor-tricycle shall be used in the transportation of dangerous goods. Fixed personnel means that the personnel who are responsible for the management, driving, escorting in?transportation and loading and unloading shall be fixed, thus it can be ensured that the transportation of dangerous goods always conducted by the professionals, and from the perspective of?personnel, the safety of the dangerous goods in transit can be safeguard?.3.The dangerous goods in transit must be labeled prominently on its packaging in accordance with the "Labels for packages of dangerous goods" (GB190-90), and the labels on the packages should stick firmly and correctly. Towards a chemical with flammable, toxic and other hazardous properties, appropriate labels should be pasted on the packages according to its different risk characteristics, so that if any problem occurs, a variety of protection can be carried out.4.If any accident occurs during the transportation of dangerous goods, emergency treatment shall be taken; meanwhile, the accident shall be reported promptly to relevant departments, such as public security organs and environmental protection departments, and the public should be evacuated, so as to prevent further expansion of the accident, and active assistance should be offered to the personnel responsible for public security, transportation and fire fighting, so as to rescue the injured people and the materials in danger and reduce the losses to a minimum.5.The vehicle drivers and cargo attendant responsible for the transportation of toxic and corrosive goods personnel must check whether or not the anti-poison and protective articles are complete and effective before starting, measures to deal with the leaks in transit should be taken actively, so as to prevent further expansion of the leakage, and after the source of leakage is cut off, the situation should be reported timely to relevant departments and local public security organs, if the situation can not be handled, it should be reported immediately to local public security organs and relevant departments, so as to ask for support.7.4.3 Risk Prevention Measures in Operation Process The "Prohibition?on Production Safety" issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry (41 articles of the Prohibition) should be strictly implemented in the production process. The pipelines used in production and pipeline transportation must be intact, with tight connections and without leaks, the remnants and plugs inside the pipelines should be removed periodically, material source and power supply must be cut off when?examine?and?repair, and the operations should be supervised by special personnel. In production operations, the safety management must be strengthened and the accident prevention measures must be improved. Sudden pollution accidents, especially major accidents caused by toxic chemicals, will result in serious harm to life and health of on-site personnel; besides, huge economic losses will also be caused directly or indirectly, and actors leading to social instability will be induce; meanwhile, serious damage to ecological environment can also be caused. Therefore, the prevention of sudden environmental pollution accident and the improvement of emergency treatment and handling capacities towards sudden pollution accidents have great significance to enterprises. It is recommended to conduct the following aspects well:1.The engineering designs and construction should be checked strictly;Engineering designs include the process design and the general layout design. Only rational design can improve the working conditions and eliminate the hidden danger of major accidents fundamentally. Close attentions should be paid to the quality of construction, the equipment arrangements and the quality of commissioning, and the final acceptance after completion should go through rigorous reviews.In the process design, towards the extremely dangerous operations and the operations with serious toxicity and harm, automatic operation and mechanized operation or remote sensing operation should be adopted, and attentions should be paid to the shields. The selection of equipments should be consistent with the requirements of the "General rules for designing the production facilities in accordance with safety and health requirements", and attentions should be paid to the treatment of occupational hazards and the associated safety equipments.Rational functional partitioning should be noticed in the general layout design, protective belt and green belt must exist, and the safety regulations should be implemented strictly. Focused on the characteristics of this project, it is recommended in this assessment that the following safety precautions should be considered in the future design, construction and operation stages, so as to avoid accidents.2.In the design, national and industrial regulations and standards concerning occupational safety and health should be strictly implemented;3.The layout of equipments within factory buildings should strictly comply with national norms and regulations concerning fire and explosion prevention, sufficient safe distance should be maintained between equipments, and fire fighting access should be designed according to the requirements;4.Advanced technologies and safe and reliable equipments should be adopted as much as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities shall be set up in workshops according to relevant national regulations;5.The equipments, pipes, pipe fittings shall adopt reliable sealing technologies, so as to ensure the storage and reaction processes are carried out in a sealed situation and prevent the leakage of materials;6.Dangerous zones should be identified according to the specifications concerning zone classification. The electrical equipments installed in dangerous zones should adopt corresponding explosion-proof levels in accordance with the appropriate zone level, and all the electrical equipments shall be grounded;7.Fire hotlines should be set up in the central control room and the duty room, so as to avoid the block of communication in emergency situations;8.Accident cabinets, first aid equipments, life-saving ?appliances, protective masks, goggles, rubber gloves, earplugs and other protective and emergency equipments and supplies should be equipped at production positions;9.Towards the devices prone to toxic pollution, first-aid washing equipments, eye washers, safety shower heads and other facilities should be equipped.7.4.4 Risk Prevention Measures in Storage Process 1.The layout of the main plant site should be open, the ventilation should be strengthened, the quality of various process equipments (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.) and pipes should be checked strictly before selection and purchase, and the examination, repair and maintenance should be strengthened, the occurrence of all kinds of leaking problems should be prohibited, anti-corrosion and explosion-proof electrical equipments shall be selected for use, the materials which insulate well should be used, so as to prevent electric sparks, and ground?contact?should be ensured, so as to prevent static electricity.2.Preparations in advance should be done well before loading and unloading hazardous chemicals, the nature of goods should be understood, the tools used for carrying should be checked, and the weak ones should be replaced or repaired. If the tools have been contaminated by any flammable substance, organic matter, acid and alkali, they must be cleaned before use.3.The operators should wear appropriate protective equipments. Protective equipments include working clothes, rubber apron, rubber sleeve covers, rubber gloves, long rubber boots, gas masks, respirator masks, gauze mask, gauze?face?masks and goggles and so on. Special personnel should check whether or not the equipments and the dresses are appropriate before operation. Operation should be cleaned or disinfected, placed in special bins in custody.4.When dangerous chemicals are spilling on the ground or the car boards, they should be removed promptly, and towards flammable and explosive materials, they should be removed by soft materials soaked in water.5.When loading and unloading dangerous chemicals, no drinking or smoking shall be allowed. After the completion of works, hands, face and mouth should be cleaned or a shower should be taken according to the situation of works and the nature of dangerous goods. On-site air circulation must be maintained, if nausea, dizziness and other toxic manifestations occur, the personnel shall go to areas with fresh air and have a rest immediately, take off working clothes and protective equipments, clean the contaminated part of the skin, and severe cases should be sent to hospitals for medical treatment.6.Explosion-proof or closed security lighting should be used in operations during nighttime. In case of rain, snow and frozen condition, anti-slip measures should be taken in operations. 7.Clean water and alkali (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) shall be provided in the field, so as to prepare for first aid applications.8.Human contact with packaging materials should be minimizes, and after the completion of work, hands, face, body should be washed with soap and water before eating and drinking. The used protective equipments and tools shall be carefully washed.9.The emergency acid pumps and emergency pools shall be set up near in the storage tank area, and lime, sand and other emergency supplies shall be prepared.7.4.5 Management System of Hazardous Chemicals1.Purpose: enable the storage, storage and handling of dangerous goods, chemicals and materials to be carried out in an orderly manner, so as to maintain quality and ensure safety.2.Range: All kinds of hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);3.Storage area and the environment: storage conditions should be dark yard with features of ventilation and damp proof; Room temperature in the inner condition of warehouse shall be (5 ~ 35 ℃, relative humidity 45% -85%) appropriate.4.Storage requirements: fire, water proof, pressure proof; fixed point, fixed location, quantity, first-in, first-out (FIFO); items shall be placed on a shelf or card-board for isolation, so as to prevent bucket from rusting. Electric?source shall not be allowed within the warehouse of dangerous goods, and It is prohibited to carry kindling into the warehouse of dangerous goods. The hazardous chemicals with conflicting chemical properties and fire fighting methods shall not be placed in the same warehouse EJX; stored in the same storage room.5.Discarded dangerous chemicals: hazardous chemicals after use drums, plastic bags, bottles must be strictly controlled, to a unified registration recovery from raw material supplier to recycling; for the scrap of flammable and explosive materials, applications must be proposed in advance, well-developed safety and safeguard measures should be prepared, and the treatment shall be carried out only after the approval by the safety departments. The management of metal recycling should be strengthened, in case of the metal containers containing hazardous substances, an area dedicated for storage should be set up in the plant site, and the containers should be recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.6.Safety measures: Towards the storage of hazardous chemicals, the principle of "Three Far Away from, One Prohibited" must be followed, i.e., be far away from fire source, water source and electric?source, and mixed pile should be prohibited. Hazardous chemicals, flammable and explosive materials should be sent to the designated areas, and special personnel shall be responsible for the keeping. For the safety of fire-fighting facilities, the fire-fighting facilities shall be equipped according to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, monthly checks should be conducted regularly, so as to ensure that their functions are effective. The personnel, who have strong sense of responsibility, receive specially trained and are familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and safety management knowledge, should be selected as the keepers of the dangerous goods warehouse, and they should take over the protective equipments and utensils equipped in the?vicinity?of?dangerous goods.7.4.6Emergency Measures for Accidents1.Sulfuric acid leakage(a)Sulfuric acid leakage: the personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid suits, do not directly contact with the leakage, and cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Leakage in small amount: it can be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash, it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it can be sent into the production waste water collection tank after diluted with water and be returned back for production. Leakage in large amount: transfer the leakage into accident pools by using pumps for temporary storage, and the nit can be used in production or discharged after alkali addition for neutralization and treatment.(b)Fire protection: when a fire broke out in?the places with sulfuric acid, water mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder is preferred in fire fighting, and protective clothes should be worn in fire fighting.(c)First aid: take off sulfuric acid stained clothes immediately, wash the contaminated skin with water. Towards severe burns, the patient should be in a?supine?position, the whole body should be kept warm, heat, and the wound can not be coated with ointment drugs without the doctors’ allowance. Sulfuric acid splashed into the eyes must be flushed with water for more than 15min, and then put 2-3 drops of 0.5% lidocaine or other local anesthetics into the eyes. In case of concentrated sulfuric acid in mouth by mistake, do not induce vomiting, nothing shall be put into the mouth of the patient with coma, the patient’s mouth should be rinsed out with a lot of water after the patient is waking up, and then drink the milk mixed with proteins, severe cases should be sent to hospitals for medical treatment.2.Methanol leakage(a)In the event of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as possible, find out the leaking points, find ways to make the leak stops, and report the accidents to workshops and safety and environmental protection departments in a timely manner.(b)If the leakage of methanol has been on fire, in case of small fire in the beginning without wide spread, the leaking points should be cut off rapidly, the evacuation of personnel should be organized as soon as possible, and dial 119 by the telephone of the plant, so as to contact the fire protection and air defense departments and other departments for fire fighting on the scene. (c)In case of methanol leakage in large amount without immediate fire, the situation is more dangerous, the personnel should be calm and composed, wear protective clothing according to requirements (anti-static suits), and decisively close all the valves connected with the outside. Immediately stop the ongoing welding and cutting operation and high altitude operation around the site, and the evacuation of personnel from the scene should be organized. The roads should be blocked, and the leakage of methanol should be flashed with plenty of water.4.In the event of fire and explosion accident, the alarm should be sounded promptly; the disposal and the division of labor should be orderly and clear.5.The fire brigade should rush to the scene?at the first time and spray water and cool the tanks on fire, and if necessary, the foam tanks for fire fighting should be opened, so as to put out the open fire in methanol tanks. Keep in touch with the resident professional fire fighting team any time for on-site fire fighting, the roads within the plant site should be controlled, and vehicles and personnel should be evacuated.6.The production department (control room) should be responsible for the contact concerning production when dealing with the accident, the sections without the occurrence of accident shall be shut down according to its command, and it should ensure the water supply and steam supply on the scene and contact relevant departments for the power?cut-off and power supply in the accident area.7.The Safety and Environmental Protection Department should be responsible for the coordination of rescue works and the collection of source materials concerning accidents, it should analyze accident conditions and the possibility of expansion timely, and it should conduct the information notification?well,?thus the emergency rescues work cab be carried out quickly and orderly.7.5 Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents 7.5.1 The Purpose of Developing the Environmental Emergency Plan The CPC Central Committee and the State Council's instructions should be implemented conscientiously, great importance should be attached to the prevention and treatment of pollution accidents, the hidden danger of pollution accidents should be eliminated, environmental monitoring and supervision should be strengthened, environmental safety should be guaranteed, and the public environmental interests should be maintained.7.5.2 The Scope of Application of this Emergency PlanThis emergency plan is only applicable to this project and its corresponding transport routes.7.5.3 The Basis of the Development of this Emergency Plan 1.HJ/T169-2004 "Technical Guidelines?for?Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects";2."Urgent Circular concerning?the Further Strengthening of Environmental Supervision and Management and the Prevention of Pollution Accidents" issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 130;3."Circular concerning?the Strengthening of Environmental Impact Assessment Management and the Prevention of Environmental Risk" issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 152.7.5.4 Emergency Rescue Organization In order to set up an "emergency rescue organization for major accidents", Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd. Has established a chief commanding team for the emergency rescue organization.The management organization members of the emergency rescue organization are as follows:Commander-in-chief: there is 1 person, and it is undertaken by the General Manager of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd., who has an independent legal personality; Deputy Commanders-in-chief: it has 2 members, and the posts are undertaken by the Deputy General Managers of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd.;Leading members of the commanding team: it has 5 persons, and the posts are undertaken by the responsible persons of the General Manager Administrative Office, the Production Techniques and Technology Development Department, the Finance Department, the Marketing Department, the Quality Control Department and other departments;Headquarters: it is set up in the General Manager Administrative Office, and the General Manager Administrative Office should also be responsible for its daily work.7.5.5?Duties and Tasks of Emergency Rescue Organization The duties and tasks of "emergency rescue organization for major accidents" and each department are as follows:Chief commanding teamIt is responsible for the development and revision of "emergency plan";It is responsible for the establishment and organization of emergency rescue teams, as well as the organization of implementation and training;It is responsible for the implementation of preventive measures for major sudden environmental accidents and the preparatory work of emergency rescue through inspection and supervision;It is responsible for organizing and directing the rescue teams to implement rescue operations;It is responsible for sound the alarm and the all clear concerning the emergency rescue command signal; It is responsible for reporting the pollution accidents to the government departments at higher levels?or informing the surrounding people or institutions of the pollution accidents, and if necessary, assistance shall be requested.It is responsible for the organization of accident investigation and the summary of lessons learned from the emergency rescue mandersCommander-in-chief: the person is responsible for the organization and command of emergency rescue work, and in case of the Commander-in-chief's absence, a Deputy Commander should be designated by the Commander-in-chief.Deputy Commander: the person is responsible for assisting the work of the Commander-in-chief.General Manager Administrative OfficeIt is responsible for the daily work of the management of the emergency rescue organization, and in case of the occurrence of risk accidents, it shall be responsible for thesecurity, the control of roads, the maintenance of on-site order and the on-site traffic guidance.Quality Control DepartmentIt should monitor the environment on the scene of an accident and within the region with the spreading of harmful substances and promptly report the monitoring results to the headquarters. It should assist the Commander-in-chief to do the disposed of accident on the scene and within the region with the spreading of harmful substances, as well as the information notification.Production Techniques and Technology Development DepartmentIt is responsible for the start and shutdown of the production system; the communications on the scene of an accident.Transportation and Marketing DepartmentIt is responsible for the rush inspection and rush repair of equipments or the installation of equipments, the guarantee of power supply, the rush inspection, rush repair and guarantee of electrical?appliances, and it is responsible for the supply and transportation of emergency aid materials, and is should ensure that the relief materials are in place.7.5.6 Preventive Focus of the Emergency Plan for Sudden Environmental Accidents The key preventive objectives of the emergency plan for sudden environmental accidents are: the methanol storage tank area, the sulfuric acid storage tank area, the sites for storage and use that constitute hazardous sources, a well as the whole process of the transportation of hazardous chemicals.7.5.7 The Reporting System of Sudden Environmental AccidentsThe common accidents observed should be reported immediately to the on-duty production dispatcher, the on-duty dispatcher must organize the personnel to conduct the rescue, and within 24 hours afterwards, the on-duty dispatcher should analyze and report the reasons to the leadership at the next higher level.When any major pollution event occurs in the enterprise, it should be reported to the Commander-in-chief immediately, and the reporting of the serious and major pollution incidents should be carried out in a timely manner. The reporting of environmental pollution accidents should be implemented in accordance with the regulations of the "Interim Procedures for?the Reporting of Accidents that Causing Environmental Pollution and Damage" issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, and the accidents should be promptly reported to the local people's government. The leader of the emergency rescue organization for major accidents should firstly reported to the local environmental protection department (Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau), and then the local environmental protection department should report the situation of the pollution to the Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau in accordance with prescribed procedures and keep reporting the progress of the investigation and handling.7.5.8 Disposal of Sudden Environmental Accidents1.The disposal of pollutant in the device unit: When a leakage occurs in any post (section) of the device unit, the feeding of materials should be stopped timely, and the reasons should be identified immediately for troubleshooting. Towards the leakage caused by the damage to the equipments, the leakage should be blocked immediately, and reasonable ventilation should be conducted, so as to accelerate the dissipation. In case of the situation that may be beyond the control, the accident should be promptly reported to the on-duty dispatcher, and the emergency plan should be implemented immediately, the emergency team should be organized for the emergency response, and the irrelevant personnel should be evacuated. 2.The disposal of leakage in the methanol storage tank area: the personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the area upwind, isolate the contaminated area immediately, and the scope of the isolation?area should be identified according to the test results of the scene and the potential hazards, and the access should be strictly limited. In general, the initial isolation radius for the leakage in small amount shall be 150m, and the initial isolation radius for the leakage in large amount shall be 450m. The emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and gas-protection suits. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. All combustible and flammable materials on the scene of the leakage should be removed or eliminated, and all the tools used shall not be contained by oil, so as to the explosive accident. Prevent the leaked methanol from entering into the sewer. Reasonable ventilation should be carried out, so as to accelerate the dissipation. Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing cofferdam or digging pit.3.The disposal of a pollution accident caused by the leakage from sulfuric acid tanks: in case of the sulfuric acid leakage in small amount, close the valve and adsorb the leakage by sand; in case of leakage in large amount, induce the leakage into the emergency pool for collection, and then recycle or use after collection or neutralize and treat by adding alkali.4.Towards the pollutants generated by accidents, in addition to the above disposal methods, appropriate measures also should be taken according to the development of accidents, so as to reduce accidents to a minimum.7.5.9 Emergency Environmental Monitoring and News Release in Accident Contaminated AreaThe Quality Control Department should coordinate with the local public security organs, fire department, local environmental monitoring institutions and other institutions, so as to rapidly carry out on-site investigation, identify the time, place, reasons, the types of pollutants and the nature of the accident or incident, and the emergency environmental monitoring and pollution tracking in the accident contaminated area should be conducted in a timely manner, and the scope of the contaminated area and its impact should be assessed, so as to provide the decision-making basis for the command departments.According to on-site pollution monitoring data and field investigations, the emergency environmental monitoring of accidents should recommend the local government to establish the pollution warning area, and the local Environmental Protection Bureau should report to relevant departments in a timely manner, so as to make the decision on whether or not issuing an alert. Meanwhile, the information concerning relevant emergencies should be issued by the local news media in the region that handles the accidents according to the specifications of the "Scope of State Secrets concerning Environmental Protection" issued by the State Secrets Bureau and the National Environmental Protection Agency, and the "Provisions on the Control over?News Release concerning Environmental Pollution and Destructive?Accidents". Other relevant departments, institutions and individuals without the approval shall not be allowed to release the information at will.The project will focus on the emergency monitoring of atmospheric pollution.Atmospheric emergency monitoringThe emergency monitoring points of atmospheric pollution should be set up around the accident contaminated area and the nearby residential areas, the focus of the layout of the monitoring points should be the scope that may be affected by the downwind of the predominant wind in the accident contaminated area, and if the monitoring factors of the pollution emergency monitoring points exceed the national standards, the evacuation of the public should be organized.Monitoring TimeFrom the occurrence of a pollution accident to the end of the pollution, the monitoring shall be twice a day.Analysis Methods of Sampling and Monitoring It should be implemented according to relevant national regulations and standards, so as to meet the validity of data. Emergency monitoring of surface waterIf the accident involves pollution of surface water bodies, the water bodies should be monitored depending on specific circumstances, and attentions should be paid to the safety of water quality?. The masses shall be informed of the suspended use of water, and the water can be used again until the risk has been eliminated.7.5.10 Emergency Rescue Safeguards1.Financial safeguard: Yueyang Paper Co. Lit. shall allocate a certain amount of special funds for emergency response of environmental pollution accident, which shall be used in the purchase of emergency response facilities and equipments and information equipment and the routine propaganda, training and drill, and it should be used as a financial safeguard for the emergency response of sudden environmental pollution accident.2.Equipment safeguard: the plant should prepare a certain number of emergency relief supplies and be equipped with appropriate safety fire-fighting equipments, and the routine maintenance of the equipments should be conducted, so as to provide the equipment safeguard for the emergency response of sudden environmental pollution accident.munication safeguard and human resource safeguard: smooth communication throughout the plant should be guaranteed, the members of the major emergency rescue organization should be equipped with appropriate communicate tools, which shall ensure smooth communication 24 hours a day, and the emergency personnel and rescue equipments and materials should be in place promptly.4.Propaganda, training and drill: The routine propaganda on the prevention of pollution accidents should be strengthened, the local fire departments should be invited to give technical guidance and training towards the members of the plant emergency organization leading team and workers, the "Environmental Emergency Manual" should be distributed, and emergency drills should be arranged for the staff at least every six months. The publicity, training, training and information dissemination on popular science should be carried out towards the public around the plant in a targeted manner, and the masses’ self-protection, self-help and mutual-aid awareness should be enhanced.7.5.11 Aftermath Treatment of Pollution AccidentsAfter controlling environmental accidents, the following aftermath treatment must be carried out at the same time:1.Timely investigate the causes of environmental pollution accident, describe the basic situation of pollution accident qualitatively and quantitatively, assess the whole accident, and in case of serious consequences caused by neglecting duty, those who neglect their duties should be penalized. 2.Relevant information should be collected and recorded, including the nature of the accident, parameters and consequences, decision-making records, information analysis, etc., and the work should be summarized, so as to provide the command departments concerning the prevention of sudden environmental accidents with decision-making basis.3.The injured workers or masses should be rescued and appeased, and appropriate compensation plans and other remedial work should be developed; 4.Damaged facilities and equipments should be inspected and repaired, and the production should be resumed until the normal operation of facilities and equipments can be determined.7.6 Risk Assessment ConclusionThe major accident risks of this project are fire, explosion and the leaking of hazardous materials, and this project has chosen the destructive accident caused by the rupture of methanol tank for analysis. After the vitalization and diffusion of the leaked methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.94mg/m3, which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is the area downwind with a radius of 310m. In case of the explosion of the leakage from the methanol storage tank, the radius of death shall be 5.8 ~ 11.2m, a risk pool has been set up in the plant, when leakage occurs, the waste liquid can be discharged into the risk pool for storage and disposal, so as to guarantee no discharge into the external environment, and under the conditions of the development of strict risk emergency plan and strict countermeasures, the project has a relatively small impact on the environment.8. Cleaner Production, Standardized Emission and Total Amount Control8.1 Cleaner ProductionConsuming more water and energy, traditional pulp and paper industry would generates heavier water and air pollution, which pollution control cannot reach the target just depending on adopting measures at the end process. So it is necessary to control the pollutants generated the project to the minimum in the light of the environmental status, environmental target, raw materials, fuels, technologies, designs and other related factors.The decisive factor for pulp and paper industry to control pollution is the application of cleaner production technology, which would not only be beneficial to the environment, but also increase sources and energy utilization coefficient, improve product quality, reduce production costs and raise labour productivity. 8.1.1 Technology and Equipment Level8.1.1.1 Raw materials and products analysisThe oxygen and chlorine dioxide used for bleaching would be self-made, so the pollutant emission can be controlled from the headstream.8.1.1.2 Energy systemThe coating and drying system in the white paperboard section of the project will use clean energy and replace electric infrared drying technology with gas infrared drying technology, igniting natural gas to heat the porcelain module to generate infrared microwave for heating the coating. The cost of natural gas is much lower than that of electric infrared ray. The coating drying process would not be impacted by the infrared ray and the life circle of porcelain module is 2 times longer than that of electric infrared lamp. So, using natural gas would greatly improve the performance of paper machines and realize the target of energy conservation and consumption reduction. The power consumption per ton of paper products of the coating and drying system will be 130kWH, equivalent to 20.416t/a standard coal. The natural gas consumption per ton of products will be 15NM3, equivalent to 8,199t/a standard coal. 12,217t/a can be saved by suing gas infrared ray. 8.1.1.3 Energy consumptionThe product of the project is bleached chemical reed pulp. According to the “General Principles for Calculation of the Comprehensive Energy Consumption (GB2589-2008), the comprehensive energy consumption of unit product is shown in Table 8-1.Table 8-1 Comprehensive Energy Consumption of Chemical Reed Pulp Unit ProductS.No.Energy consumptionStandard coal equivalentActual consumptionNameUnit Unit consumption（kg）（standard coal equivalent kg/t product）1Water m3340.08572.91382Power kWh4000.122949.16003Steam t2.10.03412197.4371（thermal equivalent coefficient）4Comprehensive energy consumption 249.511 kg standard coal/ton product As shown by the calculation results in above table, the comprehensive energy consumption of the chemical reed pulp workshop of the project is about 249.511kg standard coal equivalent/ton product. In the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Pulp and Paper Industry” (for trial implementation) newly issued by National Development and Reform Commission, the standard coal equivalent of comprehensive energy consumption is defined as 680kg/t paperboard. As we can see from above facts, with lower comprehensive energy consumption, all indexes of the comprehensive technological transformation project exceed the national energy consumption indexes for cleaner production. The project belongs to an energy conservation one.8.1.1.4 Energy conservation measuresPulp and paper industry is one of the large energy consumers. So it is especially important for pulp and paper industry to save energy. This project adopts energy conservation measures in equipment selection, technology process and engineering design for the purpose of reducing energy consumption as much as possible.1.Adopting advanced energy-saving production technologies and equipment like moderate concentration washing screen.2.Accurately calculating balance of load, heat, water and materials, making the selected equipment and capacity according with the production scale.3.Adopting domestic advanced high-effective energy-saving equipment and new heat-preserving materials for the specialized facilities of the project. 4.Trying the best to recycle production water and recover cooling water so as to reduce fresh water consumption.5.Adopting warm keeping measures for all the equipment and pipelines that need thermal insulation.6.Selecting and using advanced energy-saving new mechanical and electrical equipment.7.Adopting advanced automatic-control system and well-fitting measuring devices and paying attention to energy saving management. 8.1.2 Pollutant Generation and Control8.1.2.1 Wastewater pollutant generation and controlThe pulp material grinding system and washing and screening system would be run at the condition of higher concentration as much as possible to reduce water consumption. Each section of the production system would adopt water recycling and white water recovery technologies as much as possible. For examples, the paper making workshop would make full use of the white water generated in the process of production; the under-mesh high-density white water would be used for concentration regulation, pulp material washing and dilution, so as to reduce water consumption. The surplus white water recovered through the white water recovery system would be used to recover the fiber in the pulp materials so as to reduce consumption. Part of the recovered white water would be used to wash the pulp machine and mesh so as to reduce fresh-water consumption and reduce the discharge of wastewater and pollutants causing environmental impact. 8.1.2.2 Solid wastes production and comprehensive utilization.Residue and sludge yield of the wastewater treatment will amount to 2.02t/t (completely dry). After dehydrated, they can be used by boilers as fuel.8.1.3 Cleaner Production CapacityTable 9 of the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Pulp and Paper Industry” (for trial implementation) stipulated by National Development and Reform Commission in 2006 defines indexes, weight and benchmark value for quantitative assessment of paperboard. See Table 8-2 for comparison between the emission indexes of this project and the benchmark value of cleaner production technical indexes.Table 8-2 Schedule of Cleaner Production Capacity Assessment on Sulphate Reed Pulp Production Lines (Old And New)Class of cleaner production indexesClass IClass IIClass IIIProject adopted valueAssessment resultsI. Requirements to production technology and equipmentMaterial preparationRecycling of the wastewater produced in the process of wet-dry or dry material preparation and washing The old line’s wet process generates more power and ashes at the reed cutting field. The new line’s wet process makes part of the washing water recycled but the site environment would be quite poor because of leakage and overflow. Class IIICookingHorizontal pipe continuous cooking, batch displacement cooking, cold blow The old line adopts vertical digester cooking and heat blowing. The new line adopts horizontal pipe continuous cooking.The old line under Class III. The new line at Class IIWashingMulti-section countercurrent washing Multi-section countercurrent washing Class IScreeningFull-closed pressure screeningPressure screeningImproving traditional washing process Full-closed pressure screeningClass IBleachingOxygen delignification, ECF or TCF bleachingOxygen delignification, ECF, ClO2，partly replacing chlorine bleaching Hydro-peroxide replacing multi-section chlorine bleaching partlyOxygen delignification, ECF or TCF bleachingClass III. Indexes of sources and energy utilizationWater consumption（m3/Adt）≤100≤110≤13034Class IComprehensive energy consumption (outsourced energy) Kg (standard coal)//Adt≤950≤1000≤1150125.44Class IFiber material (completely dry) consumption t/ Adt≤2.4≤2.5≤2.52.38Class IIII. Indexes of pollutants yieldWastewater yield（m3/Adt）≤90≤120≤15021.1Class ICODCr yield（kg/Adt）≤160≤200≤2505.06Class IBOD5 yield（Kg/Adt）≤45≤60≤751.12Class ISS yield（Kg/Adt）≤60≤80≤1001.69Class IAOX yield（Kg/Adt）≤1.5≤2.5≤3.00.37Class IIV. Indexes of recovery and recyclingWater recycling rate（%）≥80≥70≥6080Class IThe non-fiber production line of Yueyang Forest & Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. （YYP）makes pulp with reed as raw materials. According to the requirements of Annex B of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”, the principle guidelines of the Company for wastewater management are shown in Table 8-3. Table 8-3 Compatibility of The Site Wastewater Discharge with the Wastewater Management Guidelines for Pulp and Paper Plant ParametersUnitGuideline ParametersAfter TransformedCompatibility Flow m3/t(AD)5034Within standard pHNo dimension6～96～9Within standardTSSkg/t(AD)2.01.69Within standardCODkg/t(AD)305.06Within standardBOD5kg/t(AD)2.01.12Within standardAOXkg/t(AD)0.0050.37Over standardTotal nitrogenkg/t(AD)0.20.67Over standardTotal phosphorkg/t(AD)0.010.045Over standardAfter completed, this technological transformation project can make COD and BOD5 meet the requirements of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry” for wastewater management. AOX, total phosphor and total nitrogen emission per ton of pulp can not meet the wastewater management requirement of the Guidelines. All other indexes will meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The emission of wastewater and total nitrogen would drop remarkably after the transformation. The wastewater discharge per ton of pulp would meet the discharge requirement of Table 2 of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry?(GB3544-2008) (the yield of bleached non-wood pulp exceeds 60% of the total consumption of the enterprise and the benchmark water discharge per unit of product will be 60t/t (pulp). After the wastewater generated in production is treated in the wastewater treatment system, the emission concentration of all kinds of pollutants will meet the requirement of Table 2 of Discharge Standard?(GB3544-2008). The assessment requires the paper plant to enhance management to make wastewater discharge meet the requirements of wastewater management guidelines for pulp and paper plants.As shown by the cleaner production capacity assessment in general, the chemical reed pulp production line can reach the first-class world advanced level in both aspects of source and energy utilization and pollutant generation. In order to steadily realize the cleaner production indexes of the project and further reduce water and energy consumption, it is necessary to enhance environmental management measures to reduce pollutant generation.8.2 Standardized Emission8.2.1 Exhaust GasAfter the technological transformation completed and put into operation, the whole process of the project would generate just a small amount of exhaust gas and basically stop generation of dioxin. As designed, a process exhaust gas treatment system (gas washing tower) will be constructed for the project. All the exhaust gas generated in operation will be cooled, absorbed and treated through the gas washing tower before discharged safely.8.2.2 WastewaterThe process of production with chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will basically put an end to the generation of dioxin in the process of chlorine bleaching. The content of AOX in the production wastewater will see a remarkable decrease. The chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will reduce the production wastewater and COD pollution load in larger degree in comparison with the original chlorine bleaching. After the wastewater is treated through the deep treatment system, the total emission of the main pollutants of the whole plant will be 2630.3t/a of COD, 584.5t/a of BOD5 and 876.7t/a of SS, deceasing by 123.7t/a, 27.5t/a and 41.3t/a respectively in comparison with the existing emission.8.2.3 Solid WastesAfter technological transformation, the solid wastes generated in the process of production with new bleaching technology will be mirabilite crystals, byproducts of the process of chlorine dioxide preparation. After filtered, these solid wastes can be directly recycled by the alkali recovery workshop. The sludge produced by the wastewater deep treatment system can be delivered directly to boilers for comprehensive use. 8.3 Total Amount Control8.3.1 Factors of Total Amount ControlAccording to the “Plan of Total Amount Control over Main Pollutants Emission of the Whole Country in the Period of the 11th Five-Year Plan” (Doc. No.: HF[2006] 90) issued by the SEPA (today’s Ministry of Environmental Protection) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), which stipulates that the State implements total amount control over the emission of two kinds of main pollutants, COD and SO2, in the Period of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the factors of total amount control for this project is defined as: COD in wastewater, SO2, smoke dust (powder) and NOx in exhaust gas.8.3.2 Indexes for Total Amount ControlSee Table 8-4 for the standardized total amount of pollutants emission of the whole plant after the technological transformation completed.Table 8-4 Total Amount of Pollutants Emission of YYP after Transformation Factors Item SO2Smoke dust (powder)NOxCODActual emission of existing project 1491.8264.871342.43733.2Standard emission of existing project 1491.8264.871342.42754Total emission of whole plant after transformation 1491.8264.871342.42630.3Total emission of whole plant after transformation - actual emission of existing project ----1102.9Total emission of whole plant after transformation - standard emission of existing project ----123.78.3.3 Total amount control measuresSee Table 8-5 for the total amount control indexes for the emission of main pollutants allocated to YYP by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) according to the “Explanation about the Allocation of Total Amount Control Indexes of Emission of Main Pollutants of Yueyang City in the 11th Five-Year Plan”.After the technological transformation completed, the emission of main pollutants of YYP will be 1491.8t/a of SO2 and 2630.3t/a of CODCr. In comparison with the standardized emission of the existing project, the emission of COD will decrease by 123.7t/a. After the project completed, the main pollutants emission of YYP will meet the total amount control indexes for 2010 allocated to the company by Yueyang EPB, 1500t/a of SO2 and 6200t/a of CODCr.The NOx index suggested by this assessment is 1342.4 t/a as confirmed by Yueyang EPB.Table 8-5 Total Amount Control Indexes for Pollutants Emission of YYP in the 11th Five-Year Plan Factors YearSO2COD2010150062009. Analysis on Environmental Impact on Economic Cost-Benefit9.1 Analysis on Economic BenefitsPaper industry is one of the important basic raw material industries for the national economy. The consumption level of paper and paperboard has become and important indicator to measure the level of standardization and the degree of civilization of the nation. Undergoing a rapid growth for more than two decades, our national economy has brought about a steady and sustainable development to the paper industry. The development of the paper industry has made China the second largest paper producing and consuming country in the world for 7 consecutive years. In 2008, China was the first largest paper producer and consumer in the world. The paper production and consumption in the whole country has been keeping a trend of upgoing and quicker growth. All the key economic indicators like sales income, total profits and total pretax profits have seen a substantial increase. The paper and paperboard yield of our country amounted to 13.71 million ton in 1990, 28.12 million ton in 1995 and 30.50 million ton in 2000. By 2007, the total yield had reached 73.50 million ton. Especially after entering into the period of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the growth rate of the paper yield has been remarkably accelerated. The output and consumption are gradually coming into equality, seeing a status of balance between the supply and demand. According to the investigation made by China Paper Association, there were about 3,500 paper and paper board enterprises in the whole country in 2008. The total output of paper and paper board in that year amounted to 79.80 million ton, 8.57% higher than 73.50 million ton of the last year. The consumption amount in that year amounted to 79.37 million ton, 8.85% higher than 72.90 ton of the last year. The per capital consumption in that year amounted to 60kg, 5kg higher than the last year. In comparison with 2000, the output in 2008 saw a growth rate of 161.64% and the consumption saw a growth rate of 121.96%. In the period from 2000 to 2008, the output of paper and paper board saw an annual growth rate of 12.78% and the annual growth rate of consumption was 10.48%, all higher than the annual growth rate of the GDP of our country.Starting from 2005, the import of paper and paperboard decreased, while the export significantly increased. Under the influence of financial crisis in 2008, the import decreased 10.72% compared to the last year and the export decreased 12.58% the same period. According to statistics, the export of our paper products exceeded the import the first time in August 2007. The export volume of paper and paperboard amounted to 401 ton in 2007, decreasing 9.07% compared to 441 ton of the last year, while the export volume in the same year amounted to 461 ton, the most in history, increasing 35.19% compared with 341 ton of the last year. The export volume is 60% more than the import (see Table 2.2-2 and Figure 2.2-2). The export exceeded import the first time. Along with China changing from a paper import country into an export country, our paper industry has come into the “turning point”. In the period of the 11th Five-Year Plant, the state continuously eliminates backward production capacity. It is expected that 6.50 million ton capacity will be been eliminated in two years after 2007. The small paper enterprises shut down use straw pulp as main materials to produce low grade art paper and corrugated paper. Along with shutting of such small enterprises, the market of the eliminated 6.5 million capacity will be shared by competitive large and medium-sized enterprises. This is a new and best opportunity for the large enterprises. In 2008, the paper and paperboard output of our country was 79.80 million ton and the consumption was 73.50 million ton. The supply and demand keep balance. Along with the elimination of backward capacity, the gap between consumption and output will enlarge and the growth rate of enterprise profits will keep higher than the growth rate of income. In the light of the time period in which the new capacity will form, it is expected that the supply pressure of domestic paper industry will decrease, the profit ability will improve gradually, the prosperity index will gradually get better and the market will have an even larger room. As expected before, the growth rate of our paper industry will keep higher than the growth rate of our GDP the same period. The future growth of paper industry of the whole world will appear concentratively in the markets of developing countries. China will take the lead in growth of demand. In the light of the sensitivity assessment on the project, the change of sales income would exert the most impact on the financial internal rate of return or the benefits. The impact of the operation costs on the financial internal rate of return is secondary. The change of construction investment will exert the least impact on the financial internal rate of return. Through above assessment, the investors would have a clear idea. On one hand, they would have the courage to master and explore the market, produce good products and sales a good price. On the other hand, they would carry out precise and scientific management and devote effort to reduce the cost and energy consumption. Only by this, they could get the largest benefits from the investment. 9.2 Environmental Benefits AnalysisDrawing on the advanced experiences of other countries to prevent and control pollutant generation from the original sources and eliminate or reduce outside management, this technological transformation would significantly reduce the investment amount.This project is focused on the transformation of cleaner production technologies. All the expenses for this transformation are from environmental protection investment. Therefore, all the 58.88 million yuan invested to this project will used on environmental protection.After the cleaner production technologies are adopted in this transformation, the total amount of wastewater emission will be reduced. The wastewater quality will be remarkably improved. The index of AOX would already meet new national standard once the wastewater discharged out of the workshop. After treated through the 60000m3/d treatment plant, the wastewater indexes would meet the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008)”. The construction of this project will help improve the local ecological environment. The economic and environmental benefits would be remarkable.10. Public Participation10.1 Purpose and Role of Public Participation10.1.1 Purpose of Public ParticipationPublic participation is an important means to improve exchange and communication between the project constructor and environmental protection department and the public. Through public participation, the project sponsor can understand the attitude and viewpoints of the public, particularly the residents living nearby the project site, on the construction of the project as well as their opinions and recommendations on the neighboring environment can be acquainted. At the same time, public participation would also help fund out the problems that are hard to be found through environmental monitoring assessment and prediction, make the environmental impact assessment of the project democratized and publicized, provide reliable public participation information for the environmental impact assessment of the project, let public understand the nature of the project and its potential impact on the neighboring environment, provide opportunity for the public and groups with direct or indirect relation to the construction project to take part in the environmental impact assessment and express their standpoint, opinion and recommendations on the project, especially their concern about environmental pollution, so as to improve the effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment and provide basis and supervision for the primary design of the project and the implementation of environmental protection measures.10.1.2 Role of Public prehensively analyzing the public opinions, implementing them in the supervision measures of environmental protection and taking them as the guideline in the construction of the municating opinions between the public and the constructor, introducing to the public the project survey, environmental pollution situation, prevention and control measures and the results of environmental impact assessment and prediction etc., and informing the opinions, recommendations and requests of the public to the constructor as the basis for accommodation of the construction scheme of the project. 10.2 Mode and Content of Public ParticipationThe solicitation of public opinions can be divided into two phases: 1.The first phase is in the initial period of project preparation mainly including publicizing related information on the internet, posting the information about the environmental impact assessment publicized at the first time in the residential areas to make the public have an initial understanding of the project and then soliciting public’s opinions by telephone calls, e-mails and letters. The opinion solicitation will be started from the beginning of information publication to the end of the whole process of environmental assessment. 2.The second phase is after the draft of environmental impact assessment (EIA) completed, including publicizing online the information about the second time EIA and posting the content related at the sensitive spots around the construction site, and then openly soliciting public opinions mainly by issuing questionnaires according to the characters of the project and educational level and living style of the public residing around the project site. Moreover, before representatives of the masses fill in the questionnaire formats, we would give them a brief introduction of the general situation of the project and the environmental problems that may be brought about by the construction and explain to them the contents of EIA report that need public participation as required by the SEPA, trying to make the public understand the purpose and significance of public participation, enhance their awareness of environmental protection and take part in the environmental protection in the process of the project actively and voluntarily. All the information about the public participation will keep open in the whole process of public opinion solicitation. The second phase of public participation will be implemented according to the requirement stipulated by the Regulation for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment. The investigation period will be October 8-9, 2011 and the opinion solicitation period will be 10 days. Two times of information publicity and opinion solicitation are all carried out in forms of online bulletin, site posting, field interview and issuing questionnaires. The situation of information publicity is specified as follows. 1.Posting bulletin in the communities around the construction site. See Figure 10-1 for the science of information publicity.2.Making the first information publicity on the website of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co. Ltd. () and making the second publicity on the website of Hunan provincial Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Hunan Province ）. See the attached figures 10.2 and 10.3.Following information will be provided to the public:1.Name and survey of the construction project2.Name and contact of the constructor3.Name and contact of the EIA department in charge of the assessment of the project4.Operating procedure and main works of the EIA5.Main points of the public opinion solicitation6.Main manners for the public to express their opinions In the process of preparing the EIA report, we shall also investigate the enterprises neighboring the technological transformation project site and the residents living nearby the site who may be impacted directly by the project by issuing questionnaires and follow-up interview, introduce them the environmental, social and economic results of the construction project, the potential adverse impacts on atmosphere, water and human health in the assessed area and the proposed countermeasures for relieving the adverse impacts, and find out their attitude, requirements, opinions and recommendations on the construction of the technological transformation project. When issuing the questionnaires, we shall introduce the methods to fill in the forms. For the convenience of the public, the questionnaires are designed for them to choose the answer just with “√”. Narrative explanation will be made as necessary for the public to fill in the forms according to their own will and return the forms voluntarily. The investigation should be both representative and at random. Representative means the objects of the investigation would represent the public from all circles; At random means the objects of the investigation would be decided randomly at statistics, the choice opportunities of them would be equal and fair. Figure 10-1 Public Bulletin PostedFigure 10-2 Bulletin Online the First TimeFigure 10-3 Bulletin Online the Second TimeTable 10-1 Questionnaires on Public ParticipationNameAgeOccupationEducation levelAddressTelephoneProject survey: Located at the Chenglingji three-river estuary area of Hu’nan Province’s Yueyang City, where the Yangtze River joins with the Dongting Lake, with the plant close to the Yangtze River voyage channel, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. boasts water and land transportation convenience, rich fresh water resources and abundant reed and poplar materials. In order to improve cleaner production capacity, the company plans to make technological transformation on the production line of reed pulp. The technological transformation mainly includes: transforming the old chemical pulp chlorine bleaching production line into a water-saving and environmental-friendly ECF bleaching production line and building an oxygen plant and a chlorine dioxide preparation station compounded with the transformation. The designed scale of the project will match the reed pulp production capacity of 180t/d. This is a technological transformation project for cleaner production without changing the product mixture of the current production line. The product is bleached kraft reed pulp. This technological transformation will be made on the basis of the original workshop and use the space of the former maintenance cabin. All the project works will be done within the plant without need of new land occupation. The total investment is 58.88 million yuan. The proposed construction period is 12 months.Environmental impacts: After the project completed, the fresh water consumption and bleaching wastewater emission will be reduced by more than 50% respectively. By adopting ECF for bleaching, the AOX in the bleaching wastewater will drop by 93% and the toxicity of AOX will mostly disappear. After technological transformation, the water quality of the treated wastewater from the reed pulp workshop will meet the current emission standard provided by the state and would not bring about impact on the water environment around the plant. By adopting ECF, the unorganized emission of chlorine from the reed pulp workshop will be significantly reduced. After sound insulation, vibration damper and noise elimination measures are adopted, the equipment noise generated in the process of the transformation will meet the limit standard. The solid wastes generated in production will be recovered by the system and the mud generated from the wastewater treatment plant will be recycled by low-grade paper plants.Please provide your precious opinions and recommendations objectively and impartially based on your understand the thought. We shall submit your rational requirements and feasible recommendations to the property owner and environmental protection department.1Do you know the construction of this project?A. yesB. a littleC. no2Your opinion on the environmental state of the project site：A. goodB. generalC. poor3The most serious environmental problem existing in project site on your opinion:A. air pollution、B. water pollutionC. noise pollutionD. solid waste pollution、4The environmental impacts that might be brought about by the project construction on your opinion: A. air pollution、B. water pollutionC. noise pollution D. solid waste pollution 5The impact on your life that might be brought about by the project construction on your opinion: A. noB. beneficial C. adverse 6The issues you are concerned about the most in the project construction: A. social results B. economic results、C. pollution controlD. employment opportunity7Do you agree to the project construction? (explain your reason if not) A. yes B. no Reasons: Other opinions and recommendationsPrepared by: Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Hu’nan Province Date:10.3 Objects of the InvestigationBased on the characters of the construction project, the geographic location, the surrounding environmental state, the pollutant emission situation and the distribution of surrounding sensitive spots, the objects of public participation investigation of the project mainly include local government organizations, deputies to the People’s Congress, social groups and relative department. As shown in Table 10-3, the objects of investigation selected in this assessment are all the surrounding sensitive spots.All the objects of the investigation are residents or workers at the sensitive spots around the project site with certain understanding of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd., so they can represent the opinions of the most people around the project site.10.4 Statistics of the Investigation Results10.4.1 Number of Questionnaires Issued and Recalled 86 questionnaires (80 to individual and 8 to groups) were issued in two times of investigations. All of them have been recalled.10.4.2 Personnel Composition of the Public Participation See Table 10-2 for the composition of persons who have filled in the questionnaires.Table 10-2 Composition of Objects of Public Participation InvestigationItemsNumber of personsPercentageSexMale4758.8Female3341.2AgeOver 354556.2Under 35 3543.8Education levelUnder junior high school56.2Secondary technical school and senior high school4860.0Junior college/university and higher2733.8Occupations Workers6682.5Office clerks45.0Engineers 78.8Technicians 22.5Teachers 11.2As we can see in Table 10-2, there are 27 persons with education level of or above junior college/university, accounting for 33.8% of the total; 48 persons with education level of secondary technical school and senior high school, accounting for 60% of the total; and 5 persons with education level under junior high school, accounting for 6.2% of the total. Most of the public taking part in the assessment have certain level of education. Most of them have certain capacity of independent thinking and analysis on the content of the investigation. So, the 80 questionnaires recalled are effective. Among the persons participating the investigation are 66 workers, accounting for 82.5% of the total, 4 office clerks, accounting for 5.0%, 7 engineers, accounting for 8.8%, and 2 technicians, accounting for 2.5%. The participants come from different sectors and the 80 recalled questionnaires represent the opinion of different social circles and business sectors in certain degree, so they are effective. 10.4.3 Statistical Results of Public Participation Investigation QuestionnaireTable 10-3 lists the basic information of individual objects of the investigation. Table 10-3 Content of Public Opinion InvestigationS. No. Name AgeOccupation Education LevelAddressContact Telephone1Wan Yong32worker secondary technical schoolNo.404 of Bldg 11, Zuyuan Estate of YYP139730638612Yang Taotao22workerjunior collegeNo.104 of Bldg 4, Zuyuan Estate of YYP139084060703Li Jiang26workersecondary technical schoolNo.309 of Bldg 13, Zuyuan Estate of YYP139750320554Wang Tielong 57workersenior high schoolZuyuan Estate of YYP137620143825Chen Longping 37engineerpost graduateFengshu New Village, Yueyang City130771836876Huang Hui 41workersenior high schoolGarden Estate7Cao Guangqing 48workersenior high schoolYYP Plant8Cui Jiehui 42benchworkersecondary technical school9Li Zhengguo 46workersenior high schoolYYP Plant10Wu Jinsong 43workersenior high school11Dong Xianzhi 40workerjunior high schoolNo.505 of Bldg18, Hengtai Estate of YYP1376275465012Peng Lihui 37worker13Wang Caiwen 53workersenior high school14Zhang yi 36workerjunior collegeLuowang Development Zone of Yueyang City1376208190215Lu Liren 37workersenior high schoolNo.28 of Longzhu Harbor, Guoda, Yueyang City1397300493716Zhuo Zhigang 44workersecondary technical schoolYueyang Municipal Construction Bureau17Lin Zaichun 59workerjunior high school18Xong Jiaobin 53workerjunior high school1397506186319Yuan Zhinian 41workerjunior high school20Yi Zhisheng 42workersecondary technical school21Wan Changji 59workersenior high schoolGarden Estate22Fu Huijun 48workersenior high schoolBldg 18 of Zone 1, Huaneng Power Plant Family Member Residence Area 1397506306823Yi Xiaomei 43workersenior high school24Yan Caiyun 43staffjunior collegeLuowang Development Zone of Yueyang City1397305890925Deng Xiuying 46staffjunior high schoolPaotaishan1390840735226Ji Yu 制浆senior high school27Chen Qian 33workersecondary technical school1378606809228Luo Hongmei 32workersecondary technical school29Huang Liangyan 22workersecondary technical schoolBoarding house of YYP University Students1510730964630Luo Ying 22workersecondary technical schoolYYP Plant1397305893131Liang Haihua 25workersecondary technical schoolNo.604 of YYP Expert Building1507306384632Shi Haixia 33workersecondary technical schoolNo.704 of Bldg 2, YYP Housing Estate857023833Chen Guixiang 30workerjunior collegeNo.302 of Bldg5, Hengtai Estate1387305024034Ren Guilin 32workerjunior collegeGarden Estate1397505639635Liu Zhixiang worker36Hu Bin 28workerjunior college37Li Shuhong 21workersenior high schoolHuatai Wood Co., Ltd., Yueyang City1380730697438Xiang Changyong 23workersecondary technical schoolNo.610 of Bldg 13, YYP Housing Estate1517308768439Yu Liang 30workersecondary technical school40Cai Zihan 22workerjunior college41Xu Yonghui 32staffsenior high schoolLeifengshan 13975404742842Xu Shen 30workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP1378900400943Li Bei 22workersenior high school44Yu Dongwei staffsenior high schoolLeifengshan 1537730211245Wang Liang 27workersenior high schoolHuatai Estate46Wen Jian 29technicianjunior collegeNo.201 of Zone 11, Hengtai Estate of YYP1397507473047Ren Sihong 27technician本科Hongjiazhou Community of Chenglingji1397507318448Lin Hua 46engineerjunior collegeHengtai Estate859054049He Kai 27workersenior high schoolShijia Group of Fengshu Village, Huabanqiao, Yueyang City1376301876050Ling Jia 30workersecondary technical schoolBaishiling of Bazimen Economic Development Zone, Yueyang City1357500050551Zhao Guangbing 47workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP1378900295952Peng Lizheng 38workersenior high schoolChenglingji Harbor Bureau1387309541953Zhou Yuyu 42workerjunior collegeFifth Middle School of Yueyang City1387305755654Yu Xiangdong 26workerjunior collegeZiyuan Estate of Yueyang City1378602068455Wen Ying 33monitorjunior collegeGuangming Village of Chenglingji, Yueyang City56Liao Wuying 40workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP609809257Li Qin 34workersecondary technical schoolGuihuayuan Estate of Yueyang City1378601678258Tu Jun 38workerjunior collegeHengtai Estate of YYP856513859Zhuang Minghua 34workersecondary technical schoolChenglingji Harbor Bureau 859258860Zhu Kaijian朱凯剑38workerjunior collegeHengtai Estate of YYP1397502856961He Qongfang 38workerjunior collegeYYP Housing Estate1387309665662Huang Chunxiang 45workersecondary technical schoolYYP Housing Estate1357501827963Zhong Aiguo 49workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP1387309646264Li Min 29workerjunior collegeHengtai Estate of YYP1387303563065Meng Qingtao 37engineerjunior collegeYYP Ziyuan Estate1397306550666Gao Manhua 40workersecondary technical schoolSanhui Homestead of Yueyang City1397506012767Hu Cheng 25engineerjunior collegeChenglingji Harbor Bureau1376200374968Cheng Guoxin 42workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP1376293863269Chen Manqiang 53workersecondary technical schoolYYP Housing Estate856576170Ge Xiaohua 40workersecondary technical schoolYYP Garden Estate1387305872171Wang Xueping 38workersecondary technical schoolYYP Housing Estate1376201732172Tang Huaichu 55workersenior high schoolYYP Garden Estate73Peng Yong 40engineerjunior collegeYYP Housing Estate1397505664674Lu Shengming 40workerjunior collegeHengtai Estate of YYP859098175Hu Rong 38engineerjunior collegeChenglingji Harbor Bureau859200976Liang Zhonghua 50workersecondary technical schoolHengtai Estate of YYP857181077Song Liwei 45workersecondary technical schoolYYP West Bldg 7 1387304093778Wu Zhang 32engineerjunior collegeYYP East Bldg 37 856589679Hou Ru 45workersecondary technical schoolYYP East Bldg 12 80Zhang Jing 29teacherjunior collegeYYP Garden Estate1507306661210.5 Analysis on Public Opinions1.31% of the public know about the project construction clearly, 67% of them know just a little and 2% of them do not know. The public acquaint themselves with this project through radio and TV, private information and advertisement etc. This public participation investigation increased transparent of the project. 2.70% of the investigated think the environment quality of the project site is rather poor. 21% of them think it quite ordinary. 9% of them think rather well. 75% of the investigated think the main environmental problem at the project site is water pollution.3.70% of the investigated public the project is beneficial to their life. 17% of them think the project has no effect on their life. 90% of them are most concerned about the social results, economic results and pollution control of the project.4.All the investigated public agree to construct this project without opposition. The public have expressed their strong support to the construction of the project.10.6 Statistics and Analysis of Group OpinionsOpinions and recommendations of the groups and entities located in the assessment district are solicited this time (see annex). These groups and entities include Yueyang Hengtai Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Yueyang Hongjiazhou Community, Yueyang Antai Industrial Co., Ltd., Yueyang Chenglingji Harbor Co., Ltd, Yueyang Green Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd. and Hu’nan Maoyuan Forestry Co., Ltd. As shown by the results of the public participation investigation, this project has received understanding and support from more public and at the same time the public ask the constructor to pay attention to environmental protection, adopt advanced procedures and pollution prevention and control technologies, implement various kinds of environmental protection measures and enhance environmental management. In the process of construction and operation of the project, the constructor should pay much attention to the results of this public participation, sincerely implement various kinds of environmental protection measures, ensure standardized emission of the “three wastes”, value public’s wishes and opinion, combine product development with environmental protection and realize integration of economic, social and environmental benefits.11. Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring11.1 Enterprise Environmental Management1.Construction of environmental protection and management bodyThe enterprise has establish the environmental projection management board chaired by the general manager of the enterprise with heads of different departments as the members, the general engineer in charge of the specific works and the safety and environmental protection department in charge of implementing the daily works. The specific tasks of the board include solid wastes reduction and control, exhaust gas control and treatment, wastewater control and treatment and noise prevention and control. Each department assigns a part-time environmental protection principal and a part-time environmental protection staff. The former is a leader of the department and the later is responsible for daily environmental protection management and liaison works of his department. 2.Environmental protection systemThe enterprise has established the system of responsibility by general manager, inspection and supervision by safety and environmental protection department, implementation by branches and round inspection by production sections, integrating all the environment-related equipment and staff of the enterprise into an environmental management and organization network, putting each equipment or facility under the responsibility of a specific person. The production sector will implement the system of four shifts with three changing and carry out process and site round inspection and regular check to the production and environmental protection equipment. Any problem once found will be reported and treated in time to ensure the standardized emission of pollutants.The enterprise has established and perfected various kinds of environmental management systems. The enterprise has stipulated the environmental management guideline of “observing discipline and obeying the law, conserving energy and reducing consumption and realizing cleaner production and sustainable development”. On the basis of the guideline, the enterprise has formulated the environmental management target. In order to reach the target, the enterprise will carry out monthly examination, rewarding the excellent and punishing the poor. The enterprise has formulated related environmental protection programs, such as “Environmental Factor Identification and Assessment Program”, “Wastewater Treatment and Control Program”, “Furnace Flue Gas Emission Control Program”, “Noise Control Program”, “Wastes Control Program”, “Sources and Energy Conservation and Control Program”, “Chemical Management Program”, “Radiative Devices Management Program” and “Emergency Preparation and Response Program”. All these programs are in normal implementation at present. In order to ensure the environmental protection responsible person and staff of each section, all their management works must be recorded properly, ensuring steady implementation and improvement of the ISO14001 environmental management system.11.2 Monitoring Plan11.2.1 Project Monitoring ProgramThe technological transformation is a large scale project involving many production sectors related. According to product varieties and yield, following automatic monitoring program will be adopted. In the framework of management and control integration, the pulp workshop, paper workshop, wastewater treatment plant and the thermal power plant will be equipped with advanced and reliable DCS system widely applied at home and abroad. At the same time, a network system will be established to connect the production control system and sector management system. Through network exchange of data and information, the managers of different sectors can acquaint themselves with the situation of production, pollutants emission and abnormal emission of each workshop (such as overfall, leakage and equipment outage etc.), so as to carry out production schedule and equipment maintenance. Different workshops also can exchange information with each other so as to optimize the production, reduce pollutant emission and ensure normal operation of the pollution control facilities. Through above programs, the project would try to make the production process meat the requirements of the technical design, play the excellent role of the advanced production equipment and reach the target for the management department to realize the scheduled economic and environmental benefits.11.2.2 Monitoring Program under Normal Operating ConditionThe purpose of this project is to make technological transformation on the reed pulp production line and build a new oxygen station and a new chlorine dioxide station. Each section of the project will generate various kinds of environmental impact factors such as water, gas, noise and solid wastes in the process of production. Based on the characters of the project and the requirements of environmental management, environmental monitoring programs have been formulated against the above mentioned environmental impact factors. These programs mainly include:1.Wastewater monitoringWastewater discharge outlets would be set for the pulp workshop and paper workshop respectively. Wastewater discharge weir plate also would be set to monitor the flow of wastewater. The quality of the wastewater would be monitored once a day. The monitored items include pH, CODcr and SS.The pH value of the water discharged from the chemical water treatment plant of the thermal power project would be analyzed once a day. Automatic water flow monitoring would be adopted for the circulating cooling water discharge of the thermal power plant. Manual sampling analysis would be made on COD, SS, soluble solid substances, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen contained in the discharged water.24-hour continuous sampling analysis would be made on the outflow of the wastewater treatment plant with online monitoring system. The items to be monitored include the flow, pH and CODcr. The BOD5, SS, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen would be sampled and analyzed regularly at multi-points.2.Groundwater quality monitoringTwo groundwater monitoring cells will be set at the production area of the plant and the cinder yard respectively. The groundwater would be sampled and monitored once a year. According to the flow direction of the groundwater, the items to be monitored in the production area mainly include pH, COD, petroleum oil and volatile phenol. 3.Atmospheric environmental monitoringFor the convenience of exhaust gas sampling, the exhaust pipes are preset with sampling holes and online flue gas monitors to monitor TSP, SO2 and NOx. Manual sampling monitoring would be made once a season on the exhaust intensity and volume of flue gas, SO2 and NOx/ 4.Acoustic environmental monitoringMonitoring would be made once a year on the key noise sources, office area and boundary area of the plant to ensure the acoustic environment around the plant site to meet the requirements of environmental protection. 5.Solid wastes monitoringThe water content of the sludge from the sludge dewatering room of the wastewater treatment plant would be monitored once a day and the ratio of organic and inorganic compounds in the sludge would be measured regularly so as to timely adjust the operating process of the sedimentation tank and secondary sedimentation tank based on the status of dewatering to ensure the dewatering ratio to meet the requirement.11.2.3 Emergency Monitoring ProgramAdhering to the principle of “giving priority to prevention and taking initial action” and sincerely preparing for emergency monitoring on pollution accidents, the monitoring persons would get ready for reaching the site of any pollution accident, the laboratory would get ready for analysis and test and all the test instruments would be well debugged, ensuring that once a pollution accident occurs, assigned persons can reach the site timely and start monitoring immediately. If the test can be made at site, the test would be made at site. If the test cannot be made at site, samples would be taken to the laboratory for immediate analysis and test. Related data should be reported to responsible body timely for adopting emergency measure to prevent accidental emission and danger generation. 11.2.4 Recommendation on Employment of Monitoring Persons and InstrumentsThe technical center of the enterprise will subordinate an environmental monitoring station staffed with 3 full-time monitoring analysis person and equipped with sufficient environmental monitoring instruments and equipment. The tasks of the station mainly includes conducting daily monitoring of the discharge of gas, water, noise and dregs from the plant according to the monitoring program and emergency plan and rectifying the analysis and monitoring instruments and equipment. Document and data management system has been stipulated for the sampling, analysis and report of the monitoring analysis persons. The monitoring and analysis instruments and equipment are listed in Table 11.2-1.The enterprise also entrust Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau to conduct regular monitoring of its environmental protection facilities and the state of pollution emission and formulate seasonal monitoring report. Table 11.2-1 Monitoring and Analysis Instruments and EquipmentS. No.Names of instrumentsNumber 1Electronic balance1 set2refrigerator1 set3Automatic flow gauge3 sets 4Automatic flue gas monitor3 sets 5PC3 sets 6Dissolved oxygen meter2 sets7Noise tester1 set 8Petroleum oil tester1 set9COD online monitor2 sets10pH meter2 sets11Portable monitoring equipmentSome 11.2.5 Monitoring Analysis MethodsMonitoring analysis will be implemented according to related standards of the state, such as “Air and Waste Gas Monitor Analysis Method” for atmosphere monitoring, “Water and Wastewater Monitor Analysis Method” for wastewater monitoring and GB12349 - “Method of Measuring Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises” for noise monitoring.Quick monitoring measures can be adopted after related experiments are conducted according to standards. The monitoring data would be filed and regularly reported to the enterprise’s environmental management supervisor, environmental protection organizations, production workshops, production coordinators and equipment maintenance department etc... 12. Analysis on the Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Rationality of the Site Selection and Position12.1 Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and PlanningThe Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in the pollutants discharged from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge volume per unit product and the quality of discharged water. According to above mention provisions, the new technology of ECF is a kind of practical and mature technical choice for sustainable development of pulp and paper industry. Eliminating conventional bleaching system with elemental chlorine causing serious pollution and adopting ECF technology can reduce yield of dioxins and sharply decrease the AOX index of the discharged wastewater. The deep treatment of pulp and paper wastewater can significantly reduce the discharge of pollutants and wastewater generated in the process of production, which is according with related policies for environmental-friendly development. 12.1.1 Compatibility with the National Economy and Social Development Overall PlanThe international financial crisis also exerts serious impact to the paper industry of our country. Because the export of other industrial sectors is hindered, the market of paper products including wrapping paper and newsprint paper that occupy a large percentage of paper industry products are also shrinking. The drop of market demand in Shanghai seriously affects the sales of paper products and also exerts impact to the development of paper industry. In 2008, the total output of paper and paper board of China’s paper industry amounted to 83.90 million ton, increasing 8.75% year on year. In 2007, the year-on-year growth rate was 13.08%. In comparison with 2007, the growth rate in 2008 saw a notable drop. Since the third season of 2007, the product inventory has been increasing, enterprises closed one after another and the prices dropping sharply. In light of the total output and consumption situation of machine-made paper and paper board, supply has exceeded demand in paper industry, among which the seriously impacted paper products are wrapping paper and newsprint paper, but the production and marketing are still thriving for daily used disposable toilet paper. The total output of paper and paper board in our country was 30.50 million ton in 2000 and rose to 83.90 million ton by 2008. The output of wrapping paper was 12.50 million ton and rose to 37.50 million ton by 2008. The growth rate of wrapping paper is obviously higher than that of the whole industry. In 2007, the output of wrapping paper in our country accounted for 49.54% of the total output of the paper and paperboard, 45.20 higher than the average percentage of the world. In 2007, the year-on-year growth rate of wrapping paper output was 14.44%, while the growth rate of consumption at the same period was 11.36%. The growth rate of output is obviously higher than that of the consumption. The impact of the financial crisis on the market of daily consumer goods including disposable sanitary goods is not so serious. No matter how serious the world economic recession would be, the demand for basic daily consumer goods would not decrease and the financial crisis would not exert too serious impact on their expert too. In 2008, most of the disposable sanitary goods made in china including those produced by transnational corporation in China were sold in domestic market, so the market will still maintain a steady and rapid growth. For 20-plus years, the Chinese market of disposable sanitary good has seen a rapid growth. The market scale in 2007 was about 40 billion yuan, accounting for about 10% of the world. The market scale in 2008 is estimated about 45 billion yuan.Along with enforcement of the “Paper Industry Development Policy” of the state, enhancement of the state effort on energy conservation, emission reduction and backward production capacity elimination and implementation of the new pollutant emission standards for paper enterprises, government at different levels would devote even more efforts to supervision, management and law enforcement on the paper enterprises, and some paper making enterprises in irrational scales with high energy and water consumption and over-limit emission would be eliminated. Such a situation would provide a large market space for those paper making enterprises with potential of development like this project. As an environmental-friendly transformation project, this project will eliminate the conventional EC bleaching system causing serious pollution, construct environmental-friendly and energy-saving new production line with ECF bleaching technology. This project is according with the industrial development policies of the state and the general plan of national economy and social development.12.1.2 Compatibility with Industrial Development PlanArticle 22 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “The technology of paper industry should be developed to the direction of high level, low consumption and less pollution. It should be encouraged to use high yield pulping technology, biological technology, low pollution pulping technology, medium consistency technology, ECF or total chlorine free bleaching technology and Mechanical pulping technology …”. Article 23 of the policy stipulates: “Lime pulping technology should not be used. New project should not use EC bleaching technology (the existing one should be eliminated gradually). Backward second-hand pulp and paper equipment should not be imported.” The Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in the pollutants discharged from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge volume per unit product and the quality of discharged water. According to above provisions, Chlorine dioxide-based ECF technology is a kind of practical and mature technical choice for the sustainable development of pulp and paper industry. Comprehensively recycling white mud and coal ash and improving wastewater deep treatment technology are according with the principle requirements of the “Paper Industry Development Policy” on comprehensive recycling and cleaner production.12.1.3 Compatibility with the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure Adjustment”According to the notice of the Economic Committee of Hu’nan Province ([2009]12) about printing and issuing the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure Adjustment”, the guideline for paper industry restructuring in the province is “to make overall plan for the development of the whole province’s paper industry, develop capacity scientifically, regulate integrated inventory, encourage the large projects and limit the small, help the excellent and eliminate the backward, promote industrial upgrading and enlarge industrial scale, ensure our province to realize the target of pollutant emission reduction in the 11th Five-year Plan period, devote much effort to develop energy-saving and environmental-friendly paper industry, realize coordination between paper industrial development and biological environmental protection to promote sustainable economic and social development”.Industrial scale: As shown in Table 12-1, the principle of the development plan for the backbone pulp and paper enterprises of Hu’nan Province in the period from 2010 to 2015 is to promote combination and restructuring, give prominence to sources integration and optimize industrial distribution. Therefore, this project is complaint with the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure Adjustment”.Table 12-1 Development Plan for the Backbone Pulp and Paper Enterprises of Hu’nan Province in the Period From 2010 To 2015S. No.Names of EnterprisesPulp VarietiesProduction Capacity in 2010 (10,000t)Production Capacity in 2015(10,000t)Main Products1Yueyang Paper of Tiger Forest & Paper Group Co., Ltd.chemical wood pulp, reed pulp, chemical mechanical pulp, mechanical pulp, waste paper pulp, commodity wood pulp80130news print paper, light weight coated paper, super calendered paper, paper board2Yuanjiang Paper of Tiger Forest & Paper Group Co., Ltd.chemical wood pulp, chemical reed pulp, chemical mechanical pulp, commodity wood pulp3570wood free paper, carbonless copy base paper, writing paper, coated art paper3Changde Paper of Tiger Forest & Paper Group Co., Ltd.dissolving pulp or chemical mechanical pulp 3030dissolving pulp or chemical mechanical pulp4Changde Heng’an Papercommodity wood pulp1318high-grade household daily used paper5Hu’nan Xueli Paper Industry Co. Ltd.chemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp715wood free paper, copy paper6Jinbeishun Paper Co., Ltdchemical reed pulp, chemical mechanical pulp, commodity pulp2030wood free paper, copy paper7湖南林源纸业有限公司Hu’nan Linyuan Paper Industrial Co., Ltd.chemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp515wood free paper, copy paper, sketch paper8Hu’nan Changde Paper Industrial Co., Ltd.chemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp515wood free paper, writing paper, static copy paper9Yueyang Fengli Paper Industrial Co., Ltd.chemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp1020cup paper, decorative base paper, wood free paper, copy paper10Hu’nan Tuopu Bamboo & Ramie Industrial Co., Ltd. (reorganized from Hu’nan Building Material Paper Plant)bamboo/cotton/ramie pulp, bamboo/cotton/ramie fiber1020bamboo/cotton/ramie pulp, bamboo/cotton/ramie fiber11Hu’nan Tianjie Paper Company (reorganized from Anxiang Xiantou Paper Co., Ltdchemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp310wood free paper, writing paper, static copy paper12Golden Sun Paper Industrial Co., Ltd.chemical reed pulp, chemical mechanical pulp, commodity wood pulp1530art paper, base paper for diazotype13Hu’nan Zhongye Meilong Paper Industrial Col, Ltd. (former Changde Tianhong Paper)chemical reed pulp, commodity wood pulp1020writing paper, art paper, static copy paper12.2 Environment State and Environmental Impact of the Project All the contents of SO2, TSP and NO2 in the atmospheric environment at the monitoring spots in the assessment area meet the second grade standard defined by the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). All the factors monitored at the monitoring sections of the pollutant receiving water body of the Yangtze River meet the requirement of Class-II standard defined by GB3838-2002. As predicted, the impact of the proposed project on the local water environment would be light. Within the limit of the environmental capacity, the noise can be kept within the standard and the solid wastes can be stacked safely after treatment.In summary, the site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic is convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under the condition that the constructor earnestly implements the environmental protection measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, this construction project is feasible. 12.3 Analysis on the Rationality of the Plain LayoutAs a project of technological transformation, the plain layout not only gives consideration to the land-use area of the existing production lines but also that of the new production line. This project will build up a continuous cooking section for the new chemical reed pulp plant at the space preserved in last phase. The mechanical workshop will be demolished and the general assembly workshop will reserved for the construction of chemical reed pulp workshop. The former mechanical pulp workshop will be demolished for the construction of oxygen station and chlorine dioxide workshop. The plain layout meets the requirements of production process and material movement, making the logistic path of the raw materials and finished products short and smooth, not only giving consideration to the contact with the old plant but also minimizing the impact on the production of the old plant in the process of construction. The environmental assessment shows that the plain layout of the proposed project is reasonable.13. Conclusion and Suggestions13.1 Survey of the ProjectYueyang Forest & Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. (YYP) will transform the bleaching system of current chemical reed pulp workshop, eliminate current chlorine bleaching production line and transform CEH bleaching system as ECF bleaching system. This technological transformation will sharply reduce the organic substances in the pulp bleaching wastewater and help the company develop to the direction of high standard, low consumption and less pollution. The purpose of the project construction is to prevent and reduce pollutants generation from the original sources, reduce outside control and production cost and realize cleaner production. 13.2 Analysis on the project13.2.1 Existing ProjectAt present, YYP has a pulping system with capacity of 570,000t/a and a paper making system with capacity of 800,000t/a fitted with thermal power plant, alkali recovery furnace, lime kiln and specialized dock etc. The pollution sources of the existing project mainly include the pulp making wastewater and the exhaust gas discharged from the thermal power plant, alkali recovery furnace and lime kiln etc.At present, the wastewater flow of the main waterspout is 30.64 million m3/a, and CODcr 2630.3t/a. The pollutant emissions of existing 6 boilers and 2 alkali furnaces meet the requirement of standardized emission, including 1491.8t/a of SO2 and 264.87t/a of flue gas. 13.2.2 Technological TransformationThe main purpose of this project is to make technological transform on the bleaching section of the chemical reed pulp workshop. As the project analysis shows, the discharge volume of the chemical reed pulp workshop will be 10115.8m3/d, 4043.2 m3/d less than that before the transformation. All the wastewater will be treated in the wastewater treatment plant. The discharge of treated water will meet the standard stipulated for paper industry by the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008). The wastewater treated according to the standard will be discharged into the Dongting Lake through sewage pipeline. The annual discharge volume of CODcr will be 309.5t.After transformation, the wastewater treatment plant will produce 2.02t, which will be used as fuel of boilers. At the same time, the project will generate 4332t/a of mirabilite, all of which will recycled by the alkali recovery workshop. The noise intensity of the new equipment added to the proposed project will be 70-110 dB.13.3 State of the Environment1.Ambient airThree ambient air monitoring spots will be set for 24x7 monitoring. The hour and daily average concentration of SO2、NO2 at the monitoring spots meets the second grade stipulated by the “Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” . The hour and daily average concentration of PM10 and TSP exceeds the standard by 0.55 and 0.06 times. The main causes of the exceeding include dry weather, closeness to highway and traffic flying dust.NH3 at the monitoring spots does not exceed the standard and keeps within the limit to harmful substances content in the atmosphere in residential area stipulated by the “Hygienic Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises”. 2.Surface waterFour water quality monitoring section are set for the wastewater receiving water body of the Yangtze River. All the factors monitored meet the Class III water quality standard stipulated by GB3838-2002.3.Acoustic environmentTen noise monitoring spots are set around the boundary. The day and night noise value monitored at the boundary meet the Class II standard limit defined by the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary（GB12348-2008）”.13.4 Environmental feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction13.4.1 Analysis on the Compatibility with Industrial PoliciesThe project construction is compatible with the “10th-Five-Year and 2010 Special Plan of National Forest-Paper Integrated Engineering Construction”, the “Directory of the National Industrial Structure Adjustment (Edition of 2011)”, the “Paper Industry Development Policy” and the “11th-Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure Adjustment”13.4.2 Feasibility Analysis on Site SelectionThe site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic is convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under the condition that the constructor earnestly implement the environmental protection measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, the site selection of the construction project is feasible.13.4.3 Capacity of Cleaner ProductionAfter completed, this technological transformation project can make COD and BOD5 meet the requirements of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry” for wastewater management. AOX, total phosphor and total nitrogen emission per ton of pulp can not meet the wastewater management requirement of the Guidelines. All other indexes will meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The emission of wastewater and total nitrogen would drop remarkably after the transformation. The wastewater discharge per ton of pulp would meet the discharge requirement of Table 2 of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry?(GB3544-2008) (the yield of bleached non-wood pulp exceeds 60% of the total consumption of the enterprise and the benchmark water discharge per unit of product will be 60t/t (pulp). After the wastewater generated in production is treated in the wastewater treatment system, the emission concentration of all kinds of pollutants will meet the requirement of Table 2 of Discharge Standard?(GB3544-2008). The assessment requires the paper plant to enhance management to make wastewater discharge meet the requirements of wastewater management guidelines for pulp and paper plants.13.4.4 Reliability of Standardized EmissionAll the exhaust gas, wastewater and noise generated by the project can meet the requirements of standardized emission, and the solid wastes can be disposed effectively. 13.4.5 Total Amount Control of Pollutant Emission and Sources of IndexesAfter the project completed, the emissions of major pollutants of YYP will be SO21491.8t/a and CODCr2630.3t/a respectively. In comparison with the standardized emission of the existing plant, COD will decrease. The emission of major pollutants would meet 2010 index of total amount control of SO21500t/a and CODCr6200t/a stipulated for the company by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. The index of NOx, 1342.4 t/a, suggested in the assessment is confirmed by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.13.4.6 Conclusion of Environmental Impact Prediction1.Surface water(a)After the project completed, wastewater discharge of the whole plant will be reduced in comparison with the existing one. The COD at a distance of 8500m will reduce 0.038 mg/l and BOD at a distance of 8500 will reduce 0.008mg/l.(b)If the wastewater treatment plant breaks down, accidental discharge of wastewater would bring about greater influence to the BOD5 of the Yangtze River and an about 100x10m BOD5 pollution area would be formed at the downstream of the outlet.(c)After the wastewater of the project discharged in to the Yangtze River, the largest contribution value of AOX would be 0.010mg/L. After completely mixed, the predicted AOX concentration would be 0.000005mg/L. In normal discharge of the wastewater, the AOX would not exert serious impact to the Aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River. 2.Acoustic environmentWhen the proposed project put into operation, the boundary noise value at daytime and night would meet the Class III standard defined by the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary”（GB12348-2008）13.4.7 Public ParticipationTwo times of the public participation investigation adopted 3 forms – online publicity, posting bulletin and issuing public participation questionnaires. All the investigated public support the project. The assessment accepted public participants’ suggestions and reasonable requirements. They expect the constructor to pay attention to the public opinion, enhance environmental management, ensure standardized emission of the pollutants, improve risk prevention measures, reduce impact of the production process on the environment and do well residents’ demolition resettlement and job placement. 13.5 Conclusion on the Overall AssessmentAccording with related industrial policies and plans of the state and adopting advanced technologies and equipment, the technological transformation project for cleaner production of the chemical pulp bleaching system of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd elevate comprehensive utilization of sources and energy and cleaner production capacity of the enterprise. After the project completed, the water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environment in the assessment area would meet the requirements of environmental function district. Therefore, under the condition of standardized emission and total amount control, the project construction is feasible in view of environmental protection. 13.6 Recommendations 1.Try the best to use low-sulfur coal so as to reduce SO2 emission.2.Intensify clean drainage utilization in material preparation and ash humidifying. 3.Make environmental protection funds available in the process of construction to ensure the “three at-the-same-time” performed smoothly. 4.Local environmental protection department should timely master the state of “three wastes” treatment facilities in light of the progress of construction, report to the competent environmental protection department at higher level and provide feedback to the constructor at the same time. Map 1: Location of the Project SiteMap 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling SitesMap 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas ................
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