Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education



BIOLOGYFor Class IX (marks 65)1.INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY1.1Introduction to Biology1.1.1Definition of Biology1.1.2Divisions and Branches of Biology1.1.3Relation of Biology to other sciences1.1.4Quran instructs to reveal the study of Life1.2The Levels of Organization2.SOLVING A BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM2.1Biological Method2.1.1Scientific problem, Hypotheses, Deductions and Experiments2.1.2Theory, Law and Principle2.1.3Data organization and Data analysis2.1.4Mathematics as an integral part of the Scientific Process3.BIODIVERSITY3.1Definition and Introduction of Biodiversity3.2Aims and Principles of Classification3.3History of Classification Systems3.3.1Two-Kingdom Classification System3.3.2Three-Kingdom Classification System3.3.3Five-Kingdom Classification System3.4The Five Kingdoms3.5Binomial Nomenclature3.6Conservation of Biodiversity4.CELLS AND TISSUES4.1Microscopy and the Emergence of Cell Theory4.1.1Light microscopy and Electron microscopy4.1.2History of the formulation of cell theory4.2Cellular Structures and Functions4.2.1Structures and Functions of cell Organelles4.2.2Relationship between cell Function and cell Structure4.2.3Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells4.2.4Relationship between cell Size and Shape and Surface Area to Volume ratio4.3Passage of Molecules Into and Out of Cells4.4Tissues (types of Plant Tissues and types of Animal Tissues)5.CELL CYCLE5.1Cell Cycle (Interphase and Division)5.2Mitosis5.2.1Phases of Mitosis5.2.2Significance of Mitosis5.3Meiosis5.3.1Phases of Meiosis5.3.2Significance of Meiosis5.4Necrosis and Apoptosis6.ENZYMES6.1Definition & Characteristics of Enzymes6.2Mechanism of Enzyme Action (Lock-n-Key Model)6.3Specificity of Enzymes7.BIOENERGETICS7.1Introduction and the Role of ATP7.2Photosynthesis7.2.1Introduction and Equation7.2.2Role of Chlorophyll and Light7.2.3Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis7.2.4Adaptations in Leaf Structure for Photosynthesis7.3Respiration7.3.1Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration7.3.2Mechanism of Respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain)8.NUTRITION8.1Introduction8.2Nutrition in Plants8.2.1Nutrition and Nutrients (Plant Nutrients and Modes of Nutrition)8.2.2Mineral Nutrition in Plants (Role of Nitrates and Magnesium and effects of their deficiencies)8.3Nutrition in Man8.3.1Major Components of Food (Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats)8.3.2Effects of Vitamins (A, C and E) in terms of their; sources, metabolic functions and deficiencies8.3.3Effects of Minerals (Calcium and Iron) in terms of their; sources, metabolic functions and deficiencies8.3.4Effects of Water and Dietary fibers in terms of their; sources and metabolic functions8.3.5Balanced Diet (Concept, Diet related to age, sex and activity)8.3.6Problems related to Nutrition8.3.6.1Protein Energy Malnutrition8.3.6.2Mineral Deficiency Diseases (Scurvy, Rickets, Night blindness)8.3.6.3Famine (Unequal distribution, Drought, Flooding, Increasing population)8.4Digestion in Man8.4.1Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Egestion8.4.2Identification and Functions of the main regions of human Alimentary Canal8.4.3Role of liver in digestion, glucose and amino acid metabolism and formation of urea8.4.4Absorption of Food (Structure of Villus, Role of capillaries and lacteals)8.5Disorders of Gut (Diarrhea, Constipation, Appendicitis, Threadworm diseases)9.TRANSPORT9.1Introduction9.2Transport in Plants9.2.1Water and ion uptake (Structure and function of root hairs)9.2.2Transpiration9.2.2.1Introduction and Significance9.2.2.2Factors affecting the rate of Transpiration9.2.3Transportation of Food and Water9.2.3.1Pathway of water and food in stem9.2.3.2Structure and function of Xylem and Phloem9.3Transport in Man9.3.1Blood9.3.1.1Components of Blood and their Functions9.3.1.2Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion9.3.1.3Disorders of Blood (Leukemia and Thalassemia)9.3.2Human Heart9.3.2.1Structure of Heart9.3.2.2Functioning of Heart (Circulation through heart, Heartbeat, Heart rate)9.3.3Blood Vessels9.3.4General Plan of Human Blood Circulatory System9.3.5Cardiovascular Disorders (Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction)RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS FOR CLASS IXThe question paper will be syllabus oriented. However, the following book is recommended for reference and supplementary reading:1.Biology Developed by the Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore and Published by PLD Publishers, Lahore ................
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