TIMELINE: Renaissance & Reformation



TIMELINE: Renaissance & Reformation

1309-78 “The Babylonian Captivity” : Papacy in Avignon

1337-1453 Hundred Years’ War

1348-50 The Black Death

c. 1330-1500 RENAISSANCE

1378-1500 Councils of Constance and Basel

Schism of the RCC: popes in Avignon and Rome

1409 Council at Pisa

1414 Council at Contance ( Martin V

1438 Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

1452 Hapsburgs’ HRE

1454 Johann Gutenburg prints books with movable type

1461 Valois in France

1466-1536 Erasmus of Rotterdam

1469 Castile + Aragon

1485-1603 Henry VII (Tudor) gains English throne

1492 Jews expelled from Spain

1494 French invade Italy: city states destroyed

1513 Machiavelli: The Prince

1516 Concordat of Bologna

1517 Luther’s 95 Theses Wittenburg

1519 Charles V HRE

1521 St. Ignatius Loyola: Jesuits

1524 German peasant rebellion

1527 Spanish and German mercenaries attack Italy

1534 Anabaptists converge on Munster

Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy (Oath of Supremacy)

1535 Court of High Commission

1536 Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion

1537 Pope Paul III authorizes a Council to reform church

1540 Authorizes Jesuits

1542 Roman Inquisition

1545-1563 Council of Trent: Redefining Catholic doctrines

1546 Schmalkaldic League goes to war against Charles V

1555 Peace of Augsburg: Protestant + Catholic states in Germany (NO CALVINSIM)

1558 Elizabeth I

1560 Strong Catholic powers

SUZERAINTY vs. SOVEREIGNTY

TIMELINE: Exploration

c. 1430 Henry the Navigator

1492 Columbus discovers America

1498 Vasco da Gama rounds the tip of Africa

1502 21 ship flotilla goes to Asia

1504 4 ships/year leave Lisbon for the east

1519-1522 Magellan circumnavigates globe

1519-1533 Spanish conquer native Americans

1545 Potosi silver mines in Peru

1551 University of Lima

St. Francis Xavier baptizing in East

1533 “White Sea” Spanish and Portugese divide globe between them

University of Mexico

1560 Slave trade established

1565 “Manilla galleons” Spanish trade in Asia & America

GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY

TIMELINE: The Commercial Revolution

14th c-19th c 1560-1648

1368 Johann Fugger (banker)

1496 Rouen peasants worked cloth

1544 Printing press invented

1550 Oxoford and Cambridge

1560-1650 92 colleges established in france

1563 Statue of Artificers (Guild lose power)

1601 Poor Law

1636 Harvard

TIMELINE: The Wars of Catholic Spain

1556-1598 Reign of King Phillip II

1566 Netherlands move against Spanish Influence

1567 Duke of Alva ( Netherlands

1569 Moriscos revolt

[Duke of Norfolk revolts]

[1570 Elizabeth excommunicated]

1571 Spanish and Venetians vs. Turks

[1572 St. Bartholemew’s Day Massacre]

1576 Netherlands fully rebel

1576-1578 Don Juan vs. Netherlands and England

1578 Succeeded by Parma

[England allies with the Netherlands]

1579 Union of Utrecht - 7 Northern Provinces

1581 Holland officially separated

1585 6,000 English troops ( Netherlands

1588 The Spanish Armada

1608 Moriscos rebellion

-1611 Moriscos expelled

1621 Olivares tries to centralize spain

1640 Portugal breakas off

1640-1660 Catalan Wars

TIMELINE: Disintegration and Reconstruction of France

1530-1596 Jean Bodin

1559 Henry II dies ( Civil war ( Henry III

1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre of Huguenots

1589 Henry III and Henry of Guise assassinated

Henry IV (Huguenot) takes throne

1593 Henry IV converts to Catholicism

1598 Edict of Nantes

1610 Henry IV assassinated

1613-1615 Estates General meets

1627 Richeliu suppresses Huguenot rebellion

1629 Peace of Alais (amends Edict of Nantes)

TIMELINE: England & The Netherlands

1566 Netherlands move against Spanish influence

1569 Duke of Norfolk revolts

1570 Elizabeth I excommunicated

1576 Netherlands fully rebel

Don Juan threat ( Mary Queen of Scots

1578 England openly Protestant, allies with Netherlands

1579 Union of Utrecht - 7 Northern Provinces

1581 Holland officially separated

1585 6,000 English troops ( Netherlands

1588 The Spanish Armada “Protestant Wind”

1600 England United - Spanish decline = Sea freedom

East India Company

1602 Dutch East India Company

1607 English settle Virgina

1609 Twelve Years’ Truce

1612 Dutch Settle Manhattan “New Amsterdam”

1618-1648 30 Years War

1619 Dutch settle Batavia, Java

1621 Dutch West India Company

Brazil - Pernambuco, Bahia Caribbean - Caracas, Curacao, Guiana

1648 Peace of Westphalia (CALVINISM ADDED)

1652 Dutch capture Cape of Good Hope

TIMELINE: Germany

1618 Defenestration of Prague

1618-1648 The Thirty Years’ War

1618-1625 The Bohemian War

1620 The Battle of White Man

1625-1629 The Danish War

1629 Edict of Restitution

1630-1635 The Swedish War

1631 Breitenfield Battle

1632 Lutzen Battle

1635 (Saxony and German Protestants) Peace of Prague

1635-1648 The Swedish/French War

1648 The Peace of Westphalia

TIMELINE: Stuarts vs. Parliaments (British Civil Wars)

1603-1625 James I

1625-1649 Charles I

1626 Charles calls Parliament to beg for money

1628 Petition of Rights

1629 Three Resolutions

1640 England vs. Scotland ( Parliament called

1649-1660 Cromwell’s Republic

1660-1685 Charles II

1670 Secret Treaty of Dover

1672 Declaration of Indulgence

1673 Test Act

1685-1688 James II

1688 The Glorious Revolution : William of Orange

1689-1701 Revolution Settlement

TIMELINE: The Second Hundred Years’ War

1667-1763 The 2nd Hundred Years’ War

1667-1668 The War of Devolution

1672-1678 The Dutch War

1688-1697 War of the League of Augsburg

1701-1713 War of Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War)

1740-1748 War of Austrian Succession (King George’s War) 1st and 2nd Silesian Wars

1756-1763 Seven Years’ War (The French and Indian War) 3rd Silesian War

TIMELINE: Enlightenment

1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci (skeptic)

1473-1543 Copernicus

1543 Vesalius “Structure of the Human Body”

Copernicus “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs”

1546-1601 Tycho Brahe

1561-1626 Francis Bacon

1564-1642 Galileo

1571-1630 Johann Kepler

1588-1679 Thomas Hobbes

1596-1650 Rene Descartes

1609 Telescope invented

1614 Logarithms Scot John Napier

1620 Part I Instauration Magna (great renewal)

Novuum Organum

1623 English trans. The Advancement of Learning

1627 The New Atlantis

1628 William Harvey “On the Movement of Heart and Blood”

1632-1677 Baruch Spinoza

1632-1704 John Locke

1637 Descartes “Discourse on Method”

1642-1727 Isaac Newton

1651 Hobbes “The Leviathan”

1662 Royal Society of London

1666 Sciences in France

1678 Ducange Dictionary on Medieval Latin

Richard Simon biblical scholarship + criticism

1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

1690 Locke “Essay Concerning Human Understnding”

“Two Treatises on Government”

1697 Bayle “Historical Critical Dictionary”

1751-1772 Diderot’s Encyclopedia

TIMELINE: The Philosophes

1689-1755 Montesquieu

1694-1778 Voltaire

1712-1778 Rousseau

1748 M. “The Spirit of Laws”

1750 R. “Arts and Sciences”

1753 R. “Origin of Inequality Among Men”

1760 Nouvelle Heloise

1762 R. “The Social Contract”

Emile

1776 Adam Smith “The Wealth of Nations”

TIMELINE: Enlightened Despotism

1715-1774 Louis XV

1740-1780 Maria Theresa

1740-1786 Frederick II “The Great”

1762-1796 Catherine II “The Great”

1769 Reform movement in British Parliament

1772 Prussia, Austria, Russia: 1st Partition of Poland

1773 Pugachev’s Rebellion (револуция пугачева)

1774-1792 Louis XVI

1776 The Wealth of Nations

1776-1783 The American Revolution

1780-1790 Joseph II

1784 Britain’s “India Office”

1787 USA Constitution

1793 Prussia and Russia: 2nd Partition of Poland

1795 Prussia and Russia 3rd Partition of Poland

TIMELINE: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

The Aristocratic Revolution

1788

Aug. 8 Louis XVI promises to call Estates General

Sept. 25 Parlement of Paris rules for traditional voting. Louis XVI doubles number of delegates in third estate, with no effect.

1789

Jan. Sieyes’ “What is the Third Estate?”

Feb.-May Elections

May 5 Estates General meets at Versailles

June 13 Seven priests sit with the third estate

June 17 3rd Estate ( National Assembly

June 20 Tennis Court Oath

June 22 King Louis XVI conducts Séance Royale and orders the estates to seperate

June 27 Mobilizes troops and orders 1st and 2nd estate to sit with the 3rd as the National Assembly

The National Assembly

July 11 Popular Finance Minister Necker dismissed for trying to tax nobles and clergy

July 14 The Storming of the Bastille

Aug. 4 Nobles vote to end feudal privileges END

Aug. 27 Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen BEGINNING

Sept. National Assembly becomes Constituent Assembly, starts work on Constitution

Oct. 5 March on Versailles led by sans culottes

Nov. Confiscation of Church lands, assignats issued

1790

Assembly works on new constitution; divisions between “conservatives” and “patriots”

June Civil Constitution of the Clergy

1791

June Le Chapelier Laws v. compagnonnages (labor unions)

June 20-25 Flight to Varennes

Aug. 27 Declaration of Pillnitz (Leopold II of Austria)

Sept. 30 Constituent Assembly dissolves ( Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Assembly

Oct. 1 Convenes

1792

Feb. 7 Alliance of Austria & Prussia vs. France

Apr. 20 France declares war vs. Austria

June 20 Parisian mob attacks Tuileries

July 11 Manifesto of the Duke of Brunswick

Aug. 10 Storming of the Tuileries

Sept. 2-7 September Massacres

Sept. 20 Battle of Valmy; first victory for French armies.

The National Convention

Sept. 21 National Convention convenes; France declared a republic

Sept. 22 First day of Year One

Nov. 6 General Dumouries victorious at Jemappes, Belgium

Nov. 19 Convention issues proclamation offering assistance to all peoples wishing to change their govn

Dec. Trial of Louis XVI begins

1793

Jan. 15 Louis XVI declared guilty of treason

Jan. 16 Sentence of death voted 361-360 (regicide)

Jan. 21 Louis XVI executed

Feb. 1 War declared vs. Britain, Holland and Spain

Mar. Royalist revolts in the Vendee begin

Mar. 18 General Dumouriez defeated ( defects

Apr. 6 Committee of Public Safety formed

June 2 Arrest of 31 Girondin deputies

TERROR begins

June 22 Constitution of 1793 produced by the Convention but never ratified.

July 13 Radical rabblerouser Marat stabbed by Charlotte Corday

Aug. 23 Levee en masse

Sept. 17 Establishment of maximum laws

Oct. 16 Execution of Marie Antoinette

Nov. 10 Abolition of the Worship of God ( Cult of Reason

1794

Mar. 24 Robespierre crushes Herbertists

Apr. 6 Robespierre crushes Dantonists

June 8 Festival of the Supreme Being

June 10 Law of 22 Prairial: Juries can convict without a trial

June 26 Battle of Fleurus, Belgium. Big French victory.

June 27 Fall of Robespierre. Thermidorian Reaction

END of TERROR

1795

Apr. 1 Bread riots in Paris

May 20 Prairial Riots, more serious

Aug. 22 Constitution of 1795

Oct. 26 National Convention dissolved

The Directory 1795-1799

1796-97 Bonaparte’s Italian Campaign

1797

Sept. 4 Coup d’etat of Fructudor: Victory of Republicans over reactionaries.

Oct. 17 Treaty of Campo Formio

1799

Nov. 9 Coup d’etat of Brumaire: Bonaparte overthrows the Directory and establishes the Consultate.

1799-1804 Bonaparte is “First Consul” Laws are codified in Napoleonic Code

1801 Napoleon’s Concordat with the RCC

1804 France becomes an Empire under Emperor Napoleon I.

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