Characteristics of Living Things
[Pages:18]Biology
Lesson Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
identify the vital functions characteristic of all living things
recognize the cell as the basic unit of any living organism
comprehend the common features of all cells as well as the basic differences between animal and plant cells
analyze the relation between the structure and function of specialized cells
understand that cells, tissues, organs and systems represent increasing degree of organization in living organisms
Form 3/SS+NS/ss/12-13
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
The Seven Vital Functions
Living things include microbes, plants and animals. They live on the land and in the lakes, rivers, and seas.
All very different but all are alive. All can perform some common features These are the Seven Vital Functions. Only living things have all of these features
They are "tests" of being alive.
The Vital Functions are processes that all living organisms do. They tell you whether something is alive or not.
Form 3/SS+NS/ss/12-13
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Movement
Living things move without outside help. Non-living things move under external forces (e.g. machines, something falling).
Organisms like animals can move their whole body
(E.g. walking, running, etc.)
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Organisms like plants can only move parts
of their body (E.g. opening and closing
of flower petals)
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Can you match these types of movement to the pictures?
Flying
Venus fly-trap catching insects
Swimming
Chasing for food
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Migration
Turning flower towards sun
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Sensitivity (Irritability)
Living things respond to conditions around them. Organisms can identify stimuli in their surroundings and respond to them.
Stimulus
Organism
Response
Green plants growing toward sunshine
Blinking when light shines Jumping up when stepping
into their eyes
on a sharp pointed object
like a pin
Form 3/SS+NS/ss/12-13
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Can you match these responses to their stimuli?
Gravitational pull Insect touches hairs on leaves
Sun sets
Smell of predator
Roots grow into soil
The Venus fly-trap catches insects
Flowers close during the night
A deer runs away from a lioness
Roots grow down Insect trapped Flower closed Fast running
Form 3/SS+NS/ss/12-13
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Nutrition (Feeding)
All living things try to get food, and they get it in different ways
Bite with teeth
Suck up food with
(e.g. Humans and other Animals)
specialized suckers
(e.g. flies and other insects)
Absorb it (soak it up) through membranes/skins (e.g. Bacteria and Fungi)
Amoeba engulfing food
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Do you know of any other ways of feeding?
Swallowing prey whole
Characteristics of Living Things
Biology
Lesson Notes
Some organisms can make their own food from water, CO2, nitrogen, and minerals. Green plants
Photosynthesis is the build-up of food from Carbon dioxide and water using the Sun's light energy.
Carbon Dioxide
6CO2
Water
Chlorophyll Light
Enzymes
Glucose
6H2O
C6H12O6
The Equation for Photosynthesis
Oxygen
6O2
Form 3/SS+NS/ss/12-13
Characteristics of Living Things
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