MCKAYPHYSICS



SPH3U Unit 4 Plan – SoundUses - Music (production, editing, listening), hearing (tests, aids), acoustics (home or venue design), seismology (earthquakes), radar (military, police, weather, migration tracking), resonance (design of any structure)…Assessments:TaskDescriptionDone (√)MarkQuiz 4aK&U questions/ 5Quiz 4bK&U questions/ 5Lab 4Instrument Project/ 50Test 4Energy Test/ 40LessonAssignmentDay 1 – 8.1, 8.2, and 8.3 Wave TypesWave types: EM, mechanical (longitudinal (sound)& transverse)Slinky demonstrationMechanical wave generator demonstration “Longitudinal Waves”Representing longitudinal waves with diagrams of transverse wavesFrequency, period, wave speedProfessor Dave: p. 384# 7, 9p. 387# 1Day 2 – 8.4 & 8.5 Wave SpeedReview frequency, period, and wave speedFactors affecting wave speed (state, material, temp., density, tension)Formulas & calcs. for speed in a string, and speed at diff. temp.Infra, ultra, & audible sound ranges (applications of ultrasound)Mach, sound intensity, distance, & safety (see p. 395 Table 2 – 4)Sound barrierIntroduce Instrument Projectp. 391 # 1 – 5 p. 397# 3Day 3 – 9.1 & 9.2 Interference and Standing WavesMechanical wave generator & slinky interference demonstrationPrinciple of superposition, constructive & destructive interferenceExamples using waveform diagramsNoise cancelling headphonesFixed & free-end reflections, media boundariesStanding waves, two fixed, one fixed, open ends → tables & calcs. Professor Dave: Professor Dave: p. 419 #2p. 426# 4 – 8 Day 4 – 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5 Beats, Damping, and DopplerQUIZ 4a “Sound Beats and Sine Waves” and “Doppler Shift”Beat frequency calculation and usesDamping & resonance Doppler diagram & formulaTuning fork demonstrations of beat frequency & Doppler p. 429 # 2, 3p. 432 # 8p. 435 # 2 – 5 Day 5 – Instrument ProjectClass period to work on Instrument Project in the computer lab.Work on Instrument ProjectDay 6 – Instrument ProjectClass period to work on Instrument Project in the computer lab.Work on Instrument ProjectDay 7 – 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, and 10.7 Assigned Reading “Hearing: Frequency and Volume”Assigned readingCatch-up on any missed work.Day 8 – 10.4 & 10.5 ResonanceQUIZ 4bMechanical resonance (swing, wine glass, Tacoma)Read 10.5 & make notes on seismic waves, tsunamis, and geophysical explorationp. 465 # 1, 2p. 468 # 1, 3, 4Day 9 – Sound Review General review and information about the testExtra practice questionsStudy for Test Day 10 – Sound TestClass period for the testHomework check during testWork on Instrument Project Day 11 – Instrument Project Computer LabClass period to work on projectFinish ProjectDay 12 – Instrument PresentationsINSTRUMENT PROJECTS DUEStanding Waves and HarmonicsStanding waves are formed by the interference of oncoming and reflected waves.For a standing wave with both ends fixed or open, length must be a multiple of ?λ. For a standing wave with one fixed end, the length must be a (multiple of ?λ) + ?λ. ScientificorMusical NameFixed at both endsFixed at one endOpen at both ends1st HarmonicorFundamentalL=12λL=14λL=12λ2nd Harmonicor1st OvertoneL=22λL=34λL=22λ3rd Harmonicor2nd OvertoneL=32λL=54λL=32λ4th Harmonicor3rd OvertoneL=42λL=74λL=42λA node (no movement) point is formed at fixed ends.Antinodes (points of maximum movement, alternating between crests & troughs) are formed at open ends.Each increase in harmonic (or overtone) adds one loop (? λ).The 1st harmonic (or fundamental) is the primary note heard. The higher harmonics (or overtones), are heard WITH the 1st harmonic and add “warmth” and “colour” to the sound. Each higher harmonic is quieter than the previous.Once the wavelength is known you can apply it to v=fλ. So long as you know one of f or v, you can calculate the other.You need to be able to draw the diagrams above, determine L given λ (or vice versa), and apply the v=fλ formula.Unit 1 – 4 Formulasvav = ?d?taav = ?v?t-453091815894-179012277444066309274147*Note the lack of vector signs due to squaring. Values can be + or -.0*Note the lack of vector signs due to squaring. Values can be + or -.Kinematics:?d = v2+ v12??t v2 2= v1 2+2a?d v2 = v1+ a?t ?d = v1?t+ 12a?t2 ?d = v2?t- 12a?t2 fnet=ma Fg=mgg= 9.8 ms2 down ff= μfnW=F?cosθ ??d W= ?E EK= 12 mv2EG=mgh% efficiency= work done towards desired outcometotal work done ×100%= energy outputenergy input ×100%P= W?t= ?E?t=F?vavgQ=mc?T=ml(v or c)0 K= -273℃273 K=0℃E=mc21 u=931.5 MeVc2=1.66 ×10-27 kg 1 MeV=1 × 106 eV1 eV=1.602 × 10-19 Jα: ZAX → Z -2A -4Y + 24He αβ-: Z AX → Z + 1AY + -10e (β-) β+: Z AX → Z - 1AY + +10e (β+) -10e capture: ZAX + -10e→ Z -1AYγ decay: ZAX* → ZAX+ 00γ -12192091948T=?tNf=N?tf=1Tv=fλv=331.4 ms+0.606ms?℃ ×Tf1L1=f2L2beat frequency=f2-f1 ................
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