Unit 1: History & Approaches



AP Psychology

Unit 1: History & Approaches

Lecture Notes

Defining Psychology

What is psychology?

What do psychologists study?

History of Psychology

Roots of psychology primarily in ______________________ and _______________________

Physiology:

Hippocrates (460 - 370 BCE):

Ideas from Hippocrates that are still relevant:

Phrenology:

Ideas from phrenology that are still relevant:

Philosophy:

Confucius (551 - 479 BCE)

Socrates (469 - 399 BCE) & Plato (428 - 348 BCE)

Aristotle (384 - 322 BCE)

Sir Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626)

empiricism:

Rene Descartes

Dualism:

John Locke (1632 - 1704)

Tabula rasa:

The Dawn of Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt:

Structuralism:

Primary research tool of structuralists: ____________________

Functionalism:

William James:

Structuralism vs. functionalism:

Gestalt Psychology

Gestalt:

Perceptual units:

Pragnanz:

Psychodynamic Psychology (aka. Psychoanalytic)

Sigmund Freud:

Primary notion of psychodynamic theorists:

The unconscious:

Psychodynamic view of behavior:

Frustrations of the Unseen

Problems with early approaches to psychology:

Behaviorism

School of psychology focused on ________________________________________

Extreme form of behaviorism:

Learning operates on principles of ______________________ and ______________________

Problem with behaviorism?

Humanistic Psychology:

The Cognitive Revolution

_________________________: technological development that provided a new analogy for the mind

Cognitive psychology:

Contemporary Psychology: 3 Major Debates

1.

2.

3.

The 7 Major Branches of Contemporary Psychology

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

What Do Psychologists Do?

Basic vs. applied research

Basic:

Applied:

Clinical Psychologists:

Psychiatrists:

Counseling psychologists:

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