High School Quizbowl Packet Archive



Torrey Pines + St. Anselm’s Collaborative Set

Written by Torrey Pines (Siddhartho Bhattacharya, Peicong Dong, Howon Lee, Stephen Liu, Praneet Mylavarapu, and Sharad Vikram) and St. Anselm’s (Aidan Mehigan and Jacob Wasserman)

Edited by Aidan Mehigan, Stephen Liu, and Sharad Vikram

Overseen by Auroni Gupta

Sample Packet

Tossups

1. This man wrote a story in which one character becomes a loan shark in hope of gaining Captain Kidd’s treasure from a swamp, and in one of his stories two characters vie for the hand of Katrina Van Tassel. Many of this man’s stories are collected in The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, and he wrote one story about a man who plays nine-pins with ghosts in the Catskills before falling asleep for twenty years. The author of a story in which Brom Bones impersonates a dead Hessian to scare schoolmaster Ichabod Crane, for 10 points, name this author of “Rip van Winkle” who wrote about the “headless horseman” in “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”

ANSWER: Washington Irving

2. This phlyum’s members can have a larval stage as planulae, and some use velaria for locomotion. This phylum utilizes a body plan consisting of a gastrodermis surrounded by mesoglea, and it is divided into classes Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, and Hydrozoa, which contains one of the only freshwater animals in this phylum, the hydra. Like echinoderms and ctenophores, members of this phylum have nerve nets, and its members use cells that eject coiled thread weapons called nematocysts. Having a dimorphous life history divided into medusa and polyp body plans, for 10 points, name this phylum named for the stinging cells of its members, which include anemones and jellyfish.

ANSWER: Cnidarians

3. On this river lies the controversial Ilısu Dam and the endangered ancient city Hasankeyf. Ctesiphon and Seleucia sit on opposite banks of this river downstream from Samarra. Its tributaries include the Great and Little Zab Rivers, which flow down from the Zagros Mountains. At Qurna, it joins a more western river to form the Shatt-al-Arab. Along this river, Nineveh lies across from Mosul, and Tikrit lies farther downstream. It comprises Syria’s easternmost border with Turkey, and a brief stretch of Syria’s border with Iraq, whose capital, Baghdad, straddles this river’s banks. For 10 points, name this river, Mesopotamia’s second-longest, which joins the Euphrates.

ANSWER: Tigris River [or Dicle Nehri; or Nahr Dijlah]

4. The liquid form of this substance provides the medium for the reduction of aromatic rings in the Birch reduction. A reagent composed of two ligands of this molecule creates a silver mirror in a test for aldehydes and is named for Tollens. This compound is oxidized to produce nitric acid in the Ostwald process. Nitrogen is artificially fixed with an iron catalyst to produce this compound in the Haber-Bosch process, which is responsible for creating much of the world’s fertilizer. For 10 points, identify this simplest amine, commonly found in cleaning products, with chemical formula NH3.

ANSWER: ammonia [accept NH3 until mentioned]

5. Japan’s Chikyu Hakken is trying to reach this region, and n-waves travel along its upper boundary. Post-perovskite forms in the bottommost part of this region, the D double prime layer. P-waves slow down and S-waves disappear past the bottom of this region, and its top features a P-wave velocity jump from approximately seven to approximately eight kilometers per second. The low velocity zone of the asthenosphere is found in the upper part of this region. It is sandwiched between the Gutenburg discontinuity and the Moho, and this layer’s namesake plumes form hotspots. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth between the crust and the core.

ANSWER: mantle

6. This instrument imitates birds in Messaien’s Quartet for the End of Time, where it is featured with the violin, cello, and piano. Mozart’s last instrumental work was a concerto for this instrument in A major, and Aaron Copland wrote a concerto for this instrument that was commissioned by a man who performed Sing, Sing, Sing and was known as the “King of Swing.” The chalumeau is a low register in this instrument, which is often played in B flat. Woody Herman and Artie Shaw were both jazz players of this instrument which plays a glissando at the opening of Rhapsody in Blue. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Benny Goodman, a single-reed woodwind.

ANSWER: clarinet

7. Princess Deiamei of Skyros bore this man a son while he was pretending to be a woman, but his disguise was ruined when he selected a spear from a bag of gifts. This man killed Queen Penthesilea by stabbing her through the heart but fell in love with her as the dying Amazon queen’s hair tumbled out. When Chryseis was given up by Agamemnon, this man’s concubine Briseis was demanded as compensation. The son of this leader of the Myrmidons killed Polyxena and Priam; that son was named Neoptolemus. This man’s cousin Patroclus was killed by Hector. For 10 points, name this Greek champion whose only weak point was his heel.

ANSWER: Achilles

8. One of this man’s operas contains a Hymn for the Roman god Venus, and at the end of that opera, the Pope’s staff grows leaves. Another one of this man’s operas has a final aria called the “Liebestod,” and that opera describes the affair of King Marke’s wife with a knight. In addition to composing Tannhauser and Tristan und Isolde, he also wrote a series of operas, the first of which begins with three maidens next to a river, and another of the operas in that series contains “The Ride of the Valkyries”. For 10 points, name this German composer whose Das Rheingold begins his Ring of Nibelung cycle.

ANSWER: Richard Wagner

9. In his first work, he wrote about a man who purchases an expensive trading house that is ultimately profitless, while in another, he depicted the student Razumov’s betrayal of Haldin by joining with revolutionaries in Geneva. In addition to Almayer’s Folly and Under Western Eyes, this man wrote a novel about the first mate of the Patna and his journey to Mecca. This author’s best known work includes a character whose last words are “The horror! The horror!” and is about a trip down the Congo River. For 10 points, name this Polish-born author of Lord Jim who wrote about Marlow’s search for Kurtz in the novella Heart of Darkness.

ANSWER: Joseph Conrad [or Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski]

10. This man refuted Eikon Basilike and tried to justify the execution of Charles I in Eikonoklastes, and he wrote a closet drama about a man who used an ass’s jawbone to kill some Philistines. In addition to Samson Agonistes, this man excluded Catholics from his anti-censorship work Areopagitica and wrote a sonnet “on his blindness” entitled “When I Consider How My Light is Spent.” One work by this man sees Lucifer cast down from Heaven to Pandemonium. He eulogized Edward King in “Lycidas” and wrote an epic poem about “man’s first disobedience, and the fruit.” For 10 points, name this English poet of Paradise Lost.

ANSWER: John Milton

11. This man claimed that “there are no innate ideas, in the Cartesian sense” in Biology and Knowledge and described intellectual development with his theory of “genetic epistemology.” This man used beakers of water to test children’s conception of conservation, and he described the understanding of the world through schema. He also tested children on whether things that can no longer be seen still exist, a concept known as “object permanence.” Formal operational and sensorimotor are two of the four stages of the four-stage cognitive development model created by, for 10 points, what Swiss child psychologist?

ANSWER: Jean Piaget

12. This man introduced the Climbing Boys Act and led the Young England movement. This Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Earl of Derby’s “Who? Who?” Ministry broke with Robert Peel by fighting to save the Corn Laws. When this Earl of Beaconsfield led the House of Commons, the enfranchising Second Reform Act passed but failed to win his party the next election. He led Britain into the Zulu War, bought shares in the Suez Canal, and gave Queen Victoria the title “Empress of India.” For 10 points, name this rival of William Gladstone, a Conservative imperialist prime minister of Jewish descent.

ANSWER: Benjamin Disraeli, Viscount Hughenden of Hughenden [accept any underlined part; accept “First Earl of Beaconsfield” before mentioned]

13. The increase in this quantity due to high frequency caused by Foucault currents manifests itself as the skin effect. Cooper pairs appear when this quantity goes to zero. The reciprocal of this quantity is measured in siemens, and, when working with AC circuits, it is known as impedance. A circuit consisting of four of its namesake devices with a galvanometer in the middle, known as a Wheatstone Bridge, can be used to measure this quantity. Joule’s First Law states that current squared times this is equal to power. For 10 points, name this electrical quantity which, when multiplied by current, yields the voltage drop across its namesake device.

ANSWER: resistance [accept impedance until “siemens”]

14. In his retirement, this man managed his country’s diplomatic relations with Spain and the Netherlands in the position of ogosho. He ordered his eldest son to commit suicide because that son conspired with Takeda Katsuyori. Among his later acts was the exclusion of all Kirishitans from Japan and the removal of the power of the daimyos in the Kuge Shohatto. This man took up the mantle of his mentor, Oda Nobunaga, after opposing Toyotomi Hideyoshi for rulership of all Japan and crushing all who opposed him in the Battle of Sekigahara. For 10 points, name this founder of a Japanese shogunate which lasted until the Meiji Restoration.

ANSWER: Tokugawa Ieyasu [accept names in either order; prompt on “Ieyasu”]

15. This artist created a series of 41 woodcuts collectively called the Dance of Death and one of his paintings portrays a man holding a piece of paper, sitting in front of a green curtain. In addition to Portrait of Sir Thomas More, this man painted a portrait of Desiderius Erasmus and a painting that contains a tile mosaic taken from Westminster Abbey. That painting depicts Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve standing in front of a large green curtain next to a desk that has two globes on it behind a floating distorted skull. For 10 points, name this painter of The Ambassadors, the court painter to Henry VIII.

ANSWER: Hans Holbein the Younger

16. One adherent to this philosophy used the word “prohairesis” to describe the ability of a person to give or withhold assent to their impressions. “Prohairesis” was a key point in Enchiridion and Discourses, two works written by Epitectus, a proponent of this school of thought. The Late Era of this philosophy included Cleomedes and Seneca the Younger. One work of this philosophical school advises against self-indulgence. Zeno of Citium was the founder of, for 10 points, what movement whose philosophy was described by Marcus Aurelius in his Meditations and which encourages emotional restraint?

ANSWER: Stoicism

17. In this battle, John Pelham’s guns on Nicodemus Hill fired on troops heading for the Dunker Church. Following the Battle of South Mountain, this battle saw fighting in Miller’s cornfield, and the Irish Brigade attacked a sunken road dubbed “Bloody Lane.” After reinforcements arrived from Harpers Ferry, this battle ended with Stonewall Jackson’s counterattack near Burnside Bridge. Although it was a tactical draw, Lincoln subsequently issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Before this battle, McClellan had found Lee’s orders. For 10 points, name this September 17, 1862 battle, fought near the town of Sharpsburg, Maryland, America’s bloodiest one-day combat.

ANSWER: Battle of Antietam Creek [accept “Battle of Sharpsburg” before mentioned]

18. A novella written in this language follows a man who declares victory in any situation, even as he is executed as a scapegoat for revolutionary actions. In addition to The True Story of Ah Q, a novel about the writer "I," his alter-ego "You," and his search for a certain landform is written in this language. The author of that work, Soul Mountain, won the only Nobel Prize for Literature in this language, whose Four Great Classics include one about a war between factions formed after the Yellow Turban Rebellion. For 10 points, name this language of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of the Red Chamber, whose speakers include Lu Xun and Gao Xinjian.

ANSWER: Chinese

19. This band wrote the songs “Astronomy Dominé” and “Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun,” which appear on The Piper at the Gates of Dawn and A Saucerful of Secrets. This band calls the title creatures “charades” (shuh-RAHDS) in their song “Pigs (Three Different Ones).” Before writing the album Animals, this band expressed sympathy for former member Syd Barrett in “Shine on You Crazy Diamond.” The sound of an airplane crash ends their song “On the Run,” which appears on the same album as “Money.” Best known for an album with a prism on its cover, for 10 points, name this progressive band that created Wish You Were Here and Dark Side of the Moon.

ANSWER: Pink Floyd

20. This leader was rebuffed by the Act of Abjuration and had William the Silent killed. He had to expel the Moriscos from Grenada because of their namesake revolt. The debt this man’s country incurred from imported bullion led him to declare his country’s first bankruptcy. He sent his half-brother, Don Juan of Austria, to end Ottoman domination of the Mediterranean at the Battle of Lepanto. This man’s greatest military operation failed because the Duke of Parma encountered storms en route to England. Elizabeth I routed his Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this son of Charles V, ruler of Spanish Empire at greatest extent.

ANSWER: Philip II [or Philip the Prudent; or Felipe II; or Felipe El Prudente; or Philip I of Portugal or Felipe I of Portugal; prompt on “Philip” or “Felipe”]

21. In this state, Wild Cat escaped from Fort Marion and Wiley Thompson was killed at Fort King. This state’s “Negro Fort” was destroyed by Duncan Clinch and Edmund Gaines, while Neamathla, a Miccosukee chief in this state, signed the Treaty of Moultrie Creek. Under a flag of truce, Micanopy was captured in this state by General Jessup after the Dade Massacre. The southernmost land ceded in the Adam-Onís Treaty became this state. Before the Treaty of Payne’s Landing, Andrew Jackson violated Spanish sovereignty over this state while fighting Osceola’s Indian tribe. For 10 points, name this state, in which soldiers were stationed during the Seminole Wars at Miami.

ANSWER: State of Florida

22. This effect can be used to measure the velocity width term of the Tully-Fisher relation, and, with the Mossbauer effect, a tower at the Jefferson Laboratory was used by Pound and Rebka to test a variety of it. Canal ray tubes were used by Ives and Stilwell to investigate the transverse version of this effect. The introduction of the Lorentz factor as the inverse of the square root of one minus the ratio of the velocity of the source and the speed of light allows for the calculation of the relativistic form of this effect, which can be used to measure the radial velocity of galaxies with blueshift and redshift. For 10 points, name this effect responsible for the frequency change of a passing siren.

ANSWER: Doppler effect [or Doppler shift; prompt on “redshift” until “canal”]

23. After defeating an invading force from Mesopotamia that kidnapped his nephew, this man was blessed by the king of Salem, named Melchizedek. Because of his wife's beauty, he lied that they were siblings, which caused both Pharoah and Abilimech to try to marry her. This man died five years early to be spared of the pain of seeing the sale of his grandson Esau’s birthright. This man’s wife was infertile so he laid with his handmaiden Hagar. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure who almost sacrificed his son Isaac to God on Mount Horeb and whose name means “father of many nations,” the patriarch of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

ANSWER: Abraham [or Abram; or Avraham; or Ibrahim]

Bonuses

1. In this play, Edmund’s tuberculosis diagnosis triggers a relapse of Mary’s morphine addiction. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this play about the Tyrone family. Their patriarch James is an actor who can only play one role.

ANSWER: Long Day’s Journey into Night

[10] This playwright of Lazarus Laughed and The Hairy Ape wrote Long Day’s Journey into Night.

ANSWER: Eugene Gladston O’Neill

[10] This play cycle about the Mannon family sets The Oresteia in the post-Civil War American North. Its three plays are Homecoming, The Hunted, and The Haunted.

ANSWER: Mourning Becomes Electra

2. After he killed his sons in a fit of madness induced by Hera, he embarked on twelve labors to atone. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Greek mythological hero who slew the Nemian Lion and donned its pelt for his first labor.

ANSWER: Heracles [or Hercules]

[10] Hercules lured this beast out by firing flaming arrow into its lair. He used a lighted torch to sear each of the open wounds he left behind after severing each head, finally crushing the immortal head under a rock.

ANSWER: Hydra

[10] For his 10th labor, Hercules had to kill this monster, an ogre with three heads who lived on the island of Eurytheia, in order to steal his cattle and bring them to Greece.

ANSWER: Geryon

3. This region’s major cities include Irkutsk and Omsk. For 10 points each:

[10] Loosely defined as stretching from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific, name this cold region covered by taiga, steppe, and tundra. It contains the Lena River and lies in northern Asia and eastern Russia.

ANSWER: Siberia [or Sibir']

[10] This lake, nicknamed the “Pearl of Siberia,” surrounds the island Olkhon. This source of the Angara River is the deepest lake in the world.

ANSWER: Lake Baikal [or Ozero Baykal; or Ozero Bajkal; or Baygal Nuur]

[10] This western Siberian river begins at the junction of the Katun and the Biya. It joins the Irtysh River, flows past Novosibirsk and Surgut, and empties into the Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean.

ANSWER: Ob River [or Obi River; or Ryeka Ob'; or Rahoä As; or Rahoä Yag; or Rahoä Kolta; or Rahoä Yema]

4. One of his novels tells of Denis Stone's stay at the titular mansion, Crome Yellow. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this English author who also wrote about Anthony Beavis in Eyeless in Gaza.

ANSWER: Aldous Huxley

[10] This Huxley novel is set in the “year of our Ford” 632 and is about a pariah’s experience in a soma-consumed society. It features characters like Mustapha Mond and Bernard Marx.

ANSWER: Brave New World

[10] This aforementioned pariah and protagonist of Brave New World was born to Linda in New Mexico. He hangs himself when he is overcome by society’s pleasures.

ANSWER: John the Savage [accept either]

5. This work’s author parodies Leibniz with a doctor claiming "this is the best of all possible worlds." For 10 points each:

[10] Name this satirical novel that sees the metaphysico-theologico-cosmolonogoligist Dr. Pangloss guide his student on a series of disastrous adventurers, during which they see the burning of Lisbon after an earthquake.

ANSWER: Candide; or, Optimism [or Candide, ou l'Optimisme]

[10] This French satirist of Letters on the English and Zadig wrote Candide.

ANSWER: Voltaire [or François-Marie Arouet]

[10] This daughter of Baron Thunder-ten-tronckh is Candide’s love interest. She survives getting raped and disemboweled by the Bulgar army, and, even though she becomes ugly, Candide marries her to spite her brother.

ANSWER: Cunegonde

6. Name some Chinese communists, for 10 points each:

[10] Leader of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, this first chairman of the Chinese Communist Party implemented the Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward. He defeated Chiang Kai-shek and wrote the Little Red Book.

ANSWER: Mao Zedong [or Mao Tse-tung; prompt on “Zedong” or “Tse-tung”]

[10] This first premier of China, who led his country’s delegation at the Geneva and Bandung Conferences, started the Hundred Flowers Movement and helped organize Nixon’s visit. This diplomat was Mao’s foreign minister.

ANSWER: Zhou Enlai [or Chou En-lai; prompt on “En-lai”]

[10] Dismissed during the Cultural Revolution, this man later overcame the Gang of Four to become China‘s ruler in 1977. He led from behind the scenes during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.

ANSWER: Deng Xiaoping [or Teng Hsiao-p’ing; or Deng Xiansheng; or Teng Hsiensheng; prompt on “Xiaoping,” “Hsiao-p’ing,” “Xiansheng,” or “Hsiensheng”]

7. He defeated Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. For 10 points each:

[10] Succeeded by the Diadochi, name this king, the son of Olympias and Philip II, who besieged Tyre, lent his name to a major Egyptian city, and extended Macedonian rule to Greece and the former Persian Empire.

ANSWER: Alexander the Great [or Alexander III; prompt on “Alexander”]

[10] Killed by Bessus, this final Achaemenid king lost his empire and fled after being defeated by Alexander at Gaugamela.

ANSWER: Darius III Codomannus [or Darayavahush III; or Codomannus; or Artashata; prompt on “Darius” or “Darayavahush”]

[10] At this battle early in Alexander’s career, he led the left wing of his father’s army, defeating the Sacred Band of Thebes. After it, the League of Corinth was established, cementing Macedonian rule over the Greek city states.

ANSWER: Battle of Chaeronea

8. Answer these questions about a US President, for 10 points each.

[10] Name this President who was the supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe in World War Two.

ANSWER: Dwight David “Ike” Eisenhower

[10] Eisenhower’s vice president, Richard Nixon, squared off against Soviet Premier Khruschev in this 1959 debate.

ANSWER: Kitchen Debate

[10] In his farewell speech, Eisenhower warned against unjustified government spending caused and encouraged by this kind of “complex.” It results when the government relies on defense contractors, and it may cause war for profit.

ANSWER: military-industrial complex

9. Answer these questions about things renamed because of hostilities between nations, for 10 points each:

[10] Anti-French sentiment in the US at the time of the 2003 invasion of Iraq led the Congressional cafeteria to give its French fries this name.

ANSWER: Freedom Fries

[10] This royal family changed its name to Windsor because the country it ruled was at war with Germany.

ANSWER: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha [or Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha]

[10] A cartoon controversy resulted in Iranian calls to rename this dessert and breakfast pastry to “Roses of the Prophet Muhammad.”

ANSWER: Danish pastry

10. Answer these questions about a powerful empire, for 10 points each.

[10] The Statute of Westminster gave home rule to many of this empire’s dominions, effectively ending this empire upon which the sun never set.

ANSWER: British Empire [or Britain]

[10] The British Empire was created in 1707 by this act, which united England and Scotland.

ANSWER: Act of Union 1707

[10] The Statute of Westminster was instrumental in the construction of this organization, all members of which recognize Elizabeth II as their head. They share a blue flag bearing a gold letter C and a globe.

ANSWER: The Commonwealth of Nations

11. Cysteine and methionine both include this element in their R-groups. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this element whose yellow solid burns blue in a flame test. Its smell is often compared to that of rotten eggs, and acids containing this element are a primary cause of acid rain.

ANSWER: sulfur

[10] This functional group resembles an alcohol, except that a sulfur atom replaces the oxygen.

ANSWER: thiol

[10] This process for mining sulfur involves pumping superheated steam into the ground to melt the sulfur, which is then forced to the surface by being displaced by air.

ANSWER: Frasch process [or Frasch method]

12. In this war, the United States colonized an Asian country. For 10 points each:

[10] The Philippines were taken by the United States as spoils following decisive victory in this war, which was fueled by yellow journalism and a boiler explosion aboard the Maine.

ANSWER: Spanish-American War

[10] This king of yellow journalism supposedly said, “you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” His namesake castle stands near San Simeon, California. His New York Journal competed with Pulitzer’s New York World.

ANSWER: William Randolph Hearst

[10] After rebelling against the Spanish, this Philippine leader proceeded to rebel against the United States in the Philippine-American War. His nom de guerre was Magdalo.

ANSWER: Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy

13. On this planet lies the solar system's largest mountain, Olympus Mons. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this body, explored by rovers Spirit and Opportunity which is colored by iron oxide and has carbon dioxide ice caps, the closest planet to Asteroid Belt.

ANSWER: Mars

[10] Dented by the Stickney Crater, this innermost and larger of Mars’ moons is drifting ever closer to Mars’ surface. It was discovered by Asaph Hall, along with Deimos.

ANSWER: Phobos [prompt on “Mars I”]

[10] This Martian canyon system, about 2,500 miles long, begins at the Noctis Labyrinthus and lies east of the Tharsis Bulge. It is the largest gorge in the solar system.

ANSWER: Valles Marineris [or Mariner Valleys; or Valleys of the Mariners]

14. This man sat under a Bodhi Tree as he meditated for a way to escape all suffering. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this person who left his home at age 29 to see the outside world and became the founder for the fourth-most practiced religion in the world.

ANSWER: Siddhartha Gautama [accept either; also accept The Supreme Buddha; or The First Buddha; or The First Samyaksambuddha; or Shakyamuni Buddha]

[10] After meditating under the Bodhi Tree, Siddhartha Gautama realized these statements, the reasons why human suffering exists. The last one describes the Eightfold Path as necessary to leave the cycle of suffering.

ANSWER: Four Noble Truths

[10] Part of many religions, in Buddhism, this concept describes actions that unenlightened people take. It is responsible for determining the realm of one's rebirth and the fortunes and misfortunes encountered in the future.

ANSWER: Karma

15. Several of the figures of this sculpture have nooses around their necks. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this sculpture that depicts robed men awaiting execution in order to spare a French city from a siege.

ANSWER: The Burghers of Calais [or Les Bourgeois de Calais]

[10] The Burghers of Calais was sculpted by this man who depicted Dante sitting with his chin on his hand in The Thinker.

ANSWER: Auguste Rodin

[10] This Rodin sculpture was originally supposed to be part of the Gates of Hell, but Rodin removed it. It depicts Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta embracing each other.

ANSWER: The Kiss [or Le Baiser]

16. This work posits that all ideas are ultimately created from impressions and lists four operations to create ideas from impressions. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work which lists a "missing shade of blue" as a self-formed idea and distinguishes demonstrative from probable reasoning in its author's namesake fork.

ANSWER: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

[10] This Scottish philosopher, historian, and empiricist argued against the teleological argument in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and also wrote An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.

ANSWER: David Hume

[10] Hume's fork was an argument against this form of reasoning, where we make assumptions of the future based on past experience, the basis for scientific conclusions.

ANSWER: induction [or inductive reasoning]

17. Name some parts of the lymphatic system, for 10 points each.

[10] Located in Waldeyer's Ring, these lymphatic tissues include palatine and lingual types, as well as the adenoids. Positioned in the throat, they prevent respiratory infections and are often removed from children.

ANSWER: tonsils

[10] This lymphatic organ under the diaphragm stores monocytes and can also be removed, possibly resulting in an iron deficiency. Within its red pulp, macrophages filter blood by destroying old red blood cells.

ANSWER: spleen

[10] Situated behind the sternum and between the lungs, this lymphatic organ contains Hassall's corpuscles and shrinks after puberty. In it, T cells mature.

ANSWER: thymus

18. One popular story in this collection includes a cave that opens to the words “Open Sesame.” For 10 points each:

[10] Name this collection, famously translated by Richard Burton, that includes “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves” and the tale of Aladdin.

ANSWER: The Book of the One Thousand and One Nights [or The Arabian Nights’ Entertainment]

[10] This story from One Thousand and One Nights is about a man whose seven voyages lead him to all over the place, such as an island that turns out to be a giant sleeping whale.

ANSWER: Sinbad the Sailor [or Sindbad]

[10] On Sinbad’s fifth voyage, his ship is picked up and dropped by one of these giant animals. They are enormous birds of prey that are able to eat elephants.

ANSWER: rocs

19. Identify the following things about a work of anthropology. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work, subtitled “Patterns of Japanese Culture,” which contrasts western “guilt culture” with eastern “shame culture.”

ANSWER: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture

[10] This author of The Chrysanthemum and the Sword promoted cultural relativism through her studies of New Guinea's Dobu culture and New Mexico's Pueblos.

ANSWER: Ruth Benedict [or Ruth Fulton]

[10] This teacher of Ruth Benedict and author of The Mind of Primitive Man established the department of anthropology at Columbia.

ANSWER: Franz Boas

20. This phenomenon allows a prism to work and for lenses to form images. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this phenomenon whose “index” is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a given material. It is defined as the bending of a light wave because a change in velocity as the wave enters a new medium.

ANSWER: refraction

[10] Derivable from Fermat’s principle, this law, also called Descartes’ Law, states that sine of the angle of incidence over the sine of the angle of refraction equals the second medium’s index of refraction over the first’s.

ANSWER: Snell’s Law [or Snellius’ Law; or Snell-Descartes Law; prompt on “Law of Refraction”]

[10] Using Snell’s Law and the Fresnel equations, this polarization angle can be calculated. It is the angle of incidence at which reflected light is completely polarized.

ANSWER: Brewster’s angle

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