Study Guide for Modules, 7, 8, 9, 15 & 17



Study Guide for History & Research

The History and scope of psychology

Trace the roots of psychology.

Describe the formal beginnings of the field of psychology.

Define psychology and identify several of its pioneers.

Identify and briefly describe the different perspectives of psychology.

Explain how psychology’s different perspectives contribute to a complete view of human behavior.

Identify the major subfields of psychology.

Explain the SQ3R study method.

Provide a brief definition of the following KEY TERMS:

Empiricism

Structuralism

Functionalism

Psychology

Nature-nurture issue

Basic research

Applied research

Clinical psychology

Psychiatry

SQ3R

research strategies: How Psychologists ask and answer questions

Identify two pitfalls in thinking that make intuition and common sense untrustworthy.

Discuss the attitudes that characterize scientific inquiry, and explain the nature of critical thinking.

Explain the importance of theories, hypotheses, operational definitions, and replication of research in psychology.

Discuss the descriptive research strategies.

Discuss the limitations and possible pitfalls of descriptive research.

Describe the types of correlation, and discuss why correlation enables prediction by not explanation.

Explain the nature and significance of illusory correlations.

Describe the nature and advantages of experimentation.

Discuss the importance of random assignment and control techniques in research.

Explain at least one advantage of the experiment as a research stragegy.

Discuss questions regarding the artificiality of experimentation and whether psychological principles are culture or gender-free.

Explain why psychologists study animals and discuss the ethics of experimentation.

Describe how psychologists’ values influence their work and discuss whether psychology is potentially dangerous.

Describe the goals of the ethical guidelines for psychological research.

Provide a brief definition of the following KEY TERMS:

Hindsight bias

Critical thinking

Theory

Hypothesis

Operational definition

Replication

Case study

Survey

Population

Random sample

Naturalistic observation

Correlation coefficient

Illusory correlation

Experiment

Placebo

Double-blind procedure

Placebo effect

Experimental condition

Control condition

Random assignment

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Culture

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