Psychological Perspectives - Weebly
Psychological Perspectives HANDOUT
Each finger and the palm represent a different approach.
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5. The thumb:Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytic)
This approach stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires, and motivations on thoughts, behaviors and the development of personality traits and psychological problems later in life. Repressed issues are in unconscious and effect behavior and personality.
Sigmund Freud-free association, dream analysis
Carl Jung
Alfred Adler
Karen Horney
3. Index finger: Cognitive
Examines how we process, store and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel. Use brain imaging (CAT, PET, MRI scans). Conscious thought, perception, information processing.
Jean Piaget
Albert Ellis
Albert Bandura
Robert Sternberg
Howard Gardener
2. Middle finger: Behavioral
Studies how organisms learn new behaviors or modify existing ones depending on whether events in the environments reward or punish behaviors (conditioning).
JB Watson
BF Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
6. The palm: Socio-Cultural
Studies the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on psychological and social functioning. Social interaction and the cultural determinants of behavior—vary across other cultures.
John Berry
Patricia Greenfield
Richard Brislin
4. Ring finger: Humanist
Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his or her future, a large capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self fulfillment. Individual choice & free will concept of human nature (freedom, potential, creativity).
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
1. Pinky finger: Biological (Biopsychology or Neuroscience--Psychobiologists) Focus on how our genes, nerotransmitters, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques.
Johannes Muller
Karl Lashley
David Hubel
James Olds
Roger Sperry
Candance Pert
7. "Evolutionary Psychology" /Sociobiological
How nature selects traits that promote the perpetuation of one’s genes. (Natural selection, adaptation, evolution of behavior patterns)
Charles Darwin
Konrad Lorenz
E.O. Wilson
David Buss
ECLECTIC APPROACH- combine the perspectives, no one view has all the answers
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