Science, Experimenting, and Technology & Engineering



Inquiry and Technology & Engineering

Study Guide

Understanding Key Ideas

1. DESCRIBE THE FIRST STEP OF THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS.

2. Identify the main reason for experimental flaw/error.

3. List the 3 variables and how you identify them.

3. In a controlled experiment,

a. a control group is compared with one or more experimental groups.

b. there are at least two variables.

c. all factors should be different.

d. a variable is not needed.

Short Answer

4. Your car broke down on the side of the road and a tornado is coming. You come across the shelter below. Use the five steps of the Engineering Design Process to make a new design to improve the shelter.

5. Use the table to answer the questions that follow.

|Temperature |Time to double |

|(°C) |(min) |

|10 |130 |

|20 |60 |

|25 |40 |

|30 |29 |

|37 |17 |

|40 |19 |

|45 |32 |

|50 |no growth |

The table shows how long it takes for bacteria to double.

• Plot the information on a graph. Put temperature on the x-axis and the time to double on the y-axis. Do not graph values for which there is no growth.

• At what temperature do the bacteria multiply the fastest?

• What type of graph did you use?

6. List the six steps of the scientific method and what you do in each step.

7. Students were studying how temperature affects water movement. The students added drops of food coloring to different temperatures of water. They measured the rates at which the food coloring spread throughout the water. Which tools would best help the students complete their investigation?

8. Some technology may help humans in one way, but harm them in another way. Give an example of a new technology that illustrates this problem.

9. What is a prototype and what role does a prototype have in the engineering design process?

10. The data in the table above were collected during an experiment to test the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light. If the temperature of the water is one of the controls, what should the temperature be for Group 1?

|Testing Matrix: Effect of UV Light on Leopard Frogs |

|Group |Number of eggs |Temperature of water (°C) |UV light exposure (days) |

|#1 (control) |100 | |0 |

|#2 (experimental) |100 |25 |15 |

|#3 (experimental) |100 |25 |24 |

Critical Thinking

11. Suppose you are designing a paper airplane to fly in this weekend’s Paper Airplane Show. How would you design a controlled experiment to determine what type of airplane would fly the farthest? (For the dependent variable, only fill out the title for the type of variable.)

| |Control |Factors |Independent Variable |Dependent Variable |

| |Control Factor #1 |Control Factor #2 |Type of Variable: |Type of Variable: |

| | | | | |

|Group | | | | |

|#1 (control) | | | | |

|#2 (experimental) | | | | |

|#3 (experimental) | | | | |

12. Next to each set of data, write the name of the graph that you would use to present the information.

• Favorite types of pizza: 5% supreme, 11% veggie, 15% meat lovers, 25% pepperoni, 33% cheese _______________________________________

• Jason’s weight since birth: birth=8 lbs., 1 year=20 lbs., 2 years=25 lbs., 3 years=35 lbs., 4 years= 40 lbs., 5 years=48 lbs. ______________________

• Shark attacks versus time of day __________________________________

• How long it takes for each student in Mrs. Finley’s class to run a mile: Max=7 min., Jordan=8 min., Chase=7.5 min., Cameron=6.9 min._________________

13. Marshmallow Muscles

14. Bart believes that mice exposed to radio waves will become extra strong (maybe he’s been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice near a radio for 5 hours. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the radio waved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the other mice were able to do the same.

Identify the following about Bart’s experiment:

1. Control group: __________________________________________

2. Independent Variable: ____________________________________

3. Dependent Variable: _____________________________________

4. What should Bart’s conclusion be? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. How could Bart’s experiment be improved? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. A student studying geology wanted to determine the mass and volume of a small rock. Which set of tools should the student use to determine both properties? JUSTIFY!!!

16. A company makes a prototype of a new insulating material that covers electrical wires. The insulating material is designed to keep the wire cool when electricity is conducted through it. What tool should be used to test the insulating material to be sure that it works properly? EXPLAIN!

17. Sugar cane that is processed to make fuel is an example of an adaptive bioengineered product. Explain how.

18. Medical researchers are developing a wireless blood pressure monitoring system for use in hospitals. This system allows nurses to measure a patient’s blood pressure without awakening the patient. Which is the intended benefit of this technology? JUSTIFY!

19. A scientist investigates the effect of carbon dioxide on plant height. The scientist grows plants in several closed containers. All the plants receive the same amounts of water and light, but the air in each container has a different amount of carbon dioxide. What is the independent variable in this experiment? JUSTIFY!

20. A scientist is unable to speak or move most of the muscles in his body. This scientist uses his cheek to push buttons on a type of keyboard that translates the words into a computerized voice. Which of these best describes the scientist’s device? JUSTIFY!

F assistive, because the device makes the scientist famous

G assistive, because the device enables the scientist to communicate

H adaptive, because the scientist can use the device for other tasks

J adaptive, because the scientist can still move some parts of his body

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Y-axis

X-axis

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