PDF GRADE 7 Florida Science - ClassZone

GRADE 7

Florida Science

Introducing Science FL26

Unifying Principles of Science

FL30

Florida Student Handbook

FL36

Sunshine State Standards In "Saving Coral" you'll read how organisms called polyps grow, die, and decay, leaving skeletons that form coral reefs. (SC.D.1.3.2) Slight changes in a reef ecosystem can have long-term effects on population size. (SC.G.2.3.3)

604 Unit 1: Earth's Waters

The Nature of Science

2

1 Basic tools of science are universal.

5

CONNECTING SCIENCES The Science of Clean Water

13

2 Scientific ideas are based on evidence.

14

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Using a Filter

22

3 Scientists belong to a world community.

24

MATH IN SCIENCE Making Bar Graphs

31

FLORIDA CONNECTIONS

Saving Coral

Florida's Sinkholes

Animatronics

The Ultimate Fish

A Place in the Sun

Cape Canaveral: Step to the Stars

Student Resources

Florida Resources Florida Content Review/Preview FCAT Science Reference Appendix

Student Resource Handbooks Scientific Thinking Handbook Lab Handbook Math Handbook Note-Taking Handbook

Glossary Index Acknowledgments

42 190 334 450 564 666

809 811 823 825 R1 R2 R10 R36 R45 R52 R74 R117

FL7

UNIT 1

Earth's Waters

Unit Features

FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE Exploring the Water Planet 38

FLORIDA CONNECTION Saving Coral

42

TIMELINES IN SCIENCE Exploring the Ocean

146

The Water Planet

46

Water moves through Earth's atmosphere, oceans,

and land in a cycle.

1 Water continually cycles.

49

THINK SCIENCE Does Mars Have a Water Cycle?

55

2 Fresh water flows and freezes on Earth.

56

MATH IN SCIENCE Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers 63

3 Fresh water flows underground.

64

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Water Moving Underground

72

Freshwater Resources

78

1 Fresh water is an essential resource.

81

Fresh water is a limited

MATH IN SCIENCE Volume of Rectangular Prisms

89

resource and is essential for human society.

2 Society depends on clean and safe water.

90

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Monitoring Water Quality

98

3 Water shortages threaten society.

100

SCIENCE ON THE JOB Water and Farming

107

In what ways do you depend on water? page 78

FL8 McDougal Littell Science

What causes these waves? page 112

Ocean Systems

112

1 The oceans are a connected system.

115

The oceans are a connected

MATH IN SCIENCE Plotting Coordinates

123

system of water in motion. 2 Ocean water moves in currents.

124

3 Waves move through oceans.

129

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Wave Movement

134

4 Waters rise and fall in tides.

136

CONNECTING SCIENCES Tidal Energy

141

Ocean Environments

150

1 Ocean coasts support plant and animal life.

153

The ocean supports life and

MATH IN SCIENCE Making a Double Bar Graph

160

contains natural resources. 2 Conditions differ away from shore.

161

EXTREME SCIENCE Undersea Hot Spots

169

3 The ocean contains natural resources.

170

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Population Sampling

178

Ocean Waves

Waves transport energy, not water. As a wave crest passes, the water particles move in circular paths.

water particle movement

The deeper water particles move in smaller circles than the water particles near the surface.

wave direction

Waves affect only the water near the surface.

Below a certain depth, waves no longer affect the water.

The movement of the floating inner tube is similar to the movement of the water particles.

Wave Structure

Water particles rise as a wave crest approaches.

Wavelength is the distance between one wave crest and the next.

At the crest, water particles have moved in a semicircle.

Wave height is the vertical distance between the top of the crest and the bottom of the trough.

The crest is the high point of the wave.

The trough is the low point of the wave.

Water particles drop after the trough passes.

The wave passes through the water but the water particles end up in the same place they began.

What happens to water particles as a wave passes through?

Chapter 3: Ocean Systems 91 C

Visual Highlights

Springs and Wells Sources of Water Pollution The Ocean Floor Ocean Waves Intertidal Zone Coral Reefs Life in the Open Ocean

69 95 120 131 155 163 167

Table of Contents FL9

UNIT 2

Earth's Surface

Unit Features

FRONTIERS IN SCIENCE Remote Sensing

186

FLORIDA CONNECTION Florida's Sinkholes

190

TIMELINES IN SCIENCE History of the Earth System

292

Views of Earth Today

194

Modern technology has changed the way we view

and map Earth.

1 Technology is used to explore the Earth system.

197

2 Maps and globes are models of Earth.

203

MATH IN SCIENCE Using Proportions

211

3 Topographic maps show the shape of the land.

212

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Investigate Topographic Maps 216

4 Technology is used to map Earth.

218

THINK SCIENCE Which Site Is Best for an Olympic Stadium? 223

Weathering and Soil Formation 228

1 Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.

231

Natural forces break rocks

MATH IN SCIENCE Surface Area of a Prism

237

apart and form soil, which supports life.

2 Weathering and organic processes form soil.

238

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Testing Soil

246

3 Human activities affect soil.

248

SCIENCE ON THE JOB Soil, Water, and Architecture

253

How is rock related to soil? page 228

FL10 McDougal Littell Science Grade 7

Erosion and Deposition

258

1 Forces wear down and build up Earth's surface.

261

Water, wind, and ice shape 2 Moving water shapes land.

266

Earth's surface.

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Creating Stream Features

272

3 Waves and wind shape land.

274

CONNECTING SCIENCES Life on Dunes

280

4 Glaciers carve land and move sediments.

281

MATH IN SCIENCE Creating a Line Graph

287

Natural Resources

296

1 Natural resources support human activity.

299

Society depends on natural

CONNECTING SCIENCES Got Oil Spills?

307

resources for energy and materials.

2 Resources can be conserved and recycled.

308

MATH IN SCIENCE Comparing Decimals

312

3 Energy comes from other natural resources.

313

CHAPTER INVESTIGATION Wind Power

322

How do people obtain energy from Earth's resources? page 296

Visual Highlights

Mechanical Weathering World Soil Types Organisms and Soil Formation Types of Glaciers and Movement Natural Resources

233 241 243 283 301

Table of Contents FL11

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