Rivera Archie Language Arts



Name________________________________________

7th Grade ELA Study Guide

Context Clues

Context Clues is a way to figure out the ________________of a word you _______know. Read the __________________or paragraph to help you understand the meaning.

Determine the meaning of the words in boldface by reading the sentence.

1. Kevin set out on the monumental task of cleaning his room.

definition___________________________________________

2. The twins barreled through the living room like a tornado.

definition__________________________________________

3. Justin is usually quick to speak out in class, but he became hesitant when his mother came to school.

definition_____________________________________________________

Sentence Types and clauses

Decide if the follow sentences are simple, compound, and complex sentences.

1. While their mom made hot cocoa, Greg shoveled the snow, and his brother built a snowman.__________________

2. Jose and Joseph quickly cut and stacked the firewood.__________________

3. The clown made a face; the children burst into laughter.___________________

4. Until you change those strings, your banjo won’t sound good._____________

5. When my grandmother was young, she loved to dance.__________________

6. I wrote her several letters, but I never received a reply.__________________

7. Did you and Leslie walk or ride to dance class? _________________________

8. Although the farmer is ready, the ground is too wet to plow._______________

9. Even though my mom let me go to the movies, I had to bring my older sister, and she had to sit right behind me. ___________________________

10. I will get a reward since I passed my test today.___________________________

11. I need apples, grapes, bread, cheese, milk, chips, diet coke, ground beef, taco seasoning, mustard, and paprika. ______________________

12. I saw my friend on the bus. _____________________________

Answer the following questions

What type of word begins an adverb clause?

What type of word begins an adjective clause?

What type of word connects the clauses in a compound sentence?

What else can be used to connect the clauses in a compound sentence?

Identify the type of dependent clause (adverb or adjective) in the following sentences:

1. Although the ozone levels are high, they are still not dangerous.

2. Those who are willing to serve others will be rewarded.

3. When I make a 100 on this test, Mrs. Rivers will jump for joy!

4. The mayor is the person who should receive your letter.

5. I’m going to the store today even though I also went yesterday.

6. The book, which I loaned to my friend, was overdue.

7. The bird that sang outside of my window everyday was yellow with a red chest.

8. My mom congratulated by throwing me a party because I exceeded all of the standards on the CRCT.

Word Parts

A base/root word can stand on its own or be combined with other words or word parts (prefixes or suffixes) to form new words. A prefix is added to the beginning of a base word. Fill in the blanks to complete the charts below.

|Prefix |Meaning |Example |

|auto | | |

|multi | | |

|self | | |

|re | | |

|fore | | |

|micro | | |

|Fract/frag | | |

|a/an | | |

|Base |Meaning |Example |

|gram | | |

|Suffix |Meaning |Example |

|-en | | |

|-ious | | |

Literary and Sound Devices

Choose from these types of literary and sound devices (figurative language). Match the example of figurative language to its type.

Simile Metaphor Personification Idiom Alliteration

1. The rain kissed my cheeks as it fell from the sky.___________________________________________

2. The moon was a light bulb, illuminating our midnight walk in the meadow.______________________

3. The dishes danced on the shelves during the earthquake.____________________________________

4. The soft rain whispered sweet lullabies as it danced throughout the city.__________________________

5. His eyes twinkled like the radiant sun upon the ocean’s surface. ______________________________

6. Bart’s laugh is as loud a jet plane taking off from the runway. ___________________________

7. My mother makes the most magnificent mulberry muffins___________________________________

8. Carol opened up a bag of worms when she disclosed Courtney’s secret to Jennifer. _________________

9. Finding your friend at the Braves game is like looking for a needle in a haystack.________________

Author’s Purpose

Read each passage and tell whether the author’s purpose is to inform, persuade, or entertain.

1. Tobacco companies should be forced to pay lucrative settlements to anyone who has become addicted or adversely affected by the use of their products. Anyone who has a loved one who has succumbed to the temptation to use cigarettes can attest to the way the product can swallow souls as well as consumers' wallets. The clinical evidence of the devastation created by secondhand smoke is compelling enough for legislators to consider legal action against the powerful corporations. Unfortunately, tobacco companies have traditionally provided strong financial support for many political candidates. Write your congressional representative and express your outrage!

2. There once was a writer named Fitzgerald

On the rich and famous he'd herald.

When the story was told

Poor Gatsby, though bold,

Lost his dear Daisy, though well-appareled.

3. In naval aviation, the AWACS (Airborne Early Warning Command and Control System) plane, or Hawkeye, serves as an air traffic controller, monitoring the airspace around a carrier fleet. It is responsible for surveillance of enemy aircraft and ships as well as directing helicopters to survivors and guarding against air collisions. In addition to servicing the Navy, Hawkeye planes have been used in rescue operations of civilians during hurricane evacuations.

4. Do you want to add years to your life and feel better too? Here are a few tips. First, to decrease your chances of a heart attack, eat a handful of nuts each day. Also, to ease the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, be sure to include some citrus, such as orange juice, in your diet. Finally, exercise on a regular basis. Include weight-bearing activities such as walking and jogging. Also, try yoga for flexibility and stress relief.

5. Circadian rhythms have fascinated scientists for many years. Recognizing that the eye nerves translate information to the brain about the time of day, scientists observe that we adapt to the conditions around us. Also, these researchers have recently discovered that not everyone is alike. For example, teenagers are nocturnal. That is, they are more active at night but do not function as well early in the morning.

Reference Materials

Identify the most useful resource to use in the following scenarios

1. Thomas' family is buying a new bulldog puppy. He needs information on English Bulldogs. _____________________

2. Christopher needs to find out how to pronounce a word. ____________________

3. Kristina wants to retrieve information about the earthquake in San Francisco in September of 2008 . __________________

4. Elizabeth needs to find the meaning of the word " bewildered". ___________________________

5. Jasmine needs to know the lines of latitude and longitude on which South Africa is located for her research paper. _____________________________

Pronouns

Write the correct pronoun form to complete each sentence.

1. (He, Him) is said to have been killed in India by wild dogs.

2. (We, Us) discovered that the Hope diamond is now in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

3. To (who, whom) should I give the package?

4. According to legend, the huge blue diamond has had many owners, and (they, them) all came to a bad end.

5. The diamond detectives were Carla and (I, me).

6. Hope diamond experts are (we, us)!

7. (Who, Whom) is going on the trip?

Circle all subject pronouns; underline all object pronouns.

From “Rikki Tikki Tavi” by Rudyard Kipling

“He was a mongoose, rather like a little cat in his fur and his tail but quite like a wasel in his head and his habits. His eyes and the end of his restless nose were pink; he could scratch himself anywhere he pleased with any leg, front or back, that he chose to use; he could fluff up his tail till it looked like a bottle-brush, and his war cry as he scuttled through the long grass was: Rikk-tikk-tikki-tikki-tckh!”

Beside each sentence, write the antecedent of the underlined pronoun.

1. Jim is going to give Mike his lucky jersey.

2. Marta’s mom wants her to finish school before starting work with Maggie.

3. Brent and Jordan took their gym clothes with them.

4. “Paul, will you help Chris with his research assignment?” asked my mom.

Adjectives and Adverbs

A positive adjective/adverb is_________________________________________________________________________

A comparative adjective/adverb is_____________________________________________________________________

A superlative adjective/adverb is ______________________________________________________________________

Insert the correct positive, comparative, or superlative pronoun.

|Positive | Comparative |Superlative |

|conspicuous | | |

| |uglier | |

| | |fairest |

|good | | |

|gingerly | | |

| | |worst |

|diligent | | |

| | |loveliest |

|responsible | | |

| |sweeter | |

Transitional Elements

Identify what relationship is indicated by the following transitional elements: cause and effect, compare and contrast, logical order, addition, summarization, illustration

Subsequently ________________________________________

On the other hand ____________________________________

For instance _________________________________________

Next _______________________________________________

Meanwhile__________________________________________

As a result___________________________________________

Additionally _________________________________________

Finally ______________________________________________

Initially _____________________________________________

Furthermore_________________________________________

Consequently ________________________________________

Similarly ____________________________________________

Punctuation

Write F-fragment, R-run-on, or C-correct

1. We all live in a community however they may all be quite different from one another.

2. The dry desert soil.

3. I hope to become a journalist when I grow up.

4. What is in that?

5. I can’t believe that this is happening it is so exciting.

6. In the middle of the night.

Quotation marks go around the exact words people say. Punctuation at the end or at a break in the quote goes inside the quotation marks. Add quotation marks and punctuation as needed to these sentences.

1. Hand washing prevents the spread of germs explained Dr. Health

2. She exclaimed My red pen has run out of ink

3. Leave me alone Lacy responded I’m busy

4. Help she cried I can’t find my dog

5. Can I help you asked the store clerk

Story Elements

Label the plot line

Define:

Static Character-

Dynamic Character-

Fact or Opinion

1. The RMS basketball team is better than the Moore Middle School basketball team.

2. The RMS basketball team won 8 out of the 10 games that it played last year.

3. All seventh grade students are required to pass all classes and CRCT exams in order to be promoted to 8th grade.

4. Seventh grade is the most difficult year in middle school, both academically and socially.

Text and Graphic Features

1. A chart is a good way to

a. Write an essay

b. Diagram a sentence

c. Make an outline for a research paper

d. Organizer information into categories

2. Photographs are mainly used in science books to

a. Give readers a break from words

b. Add visual appeal to the page

c. Add further meaning to the text

d. Fill in extra space on the page

3. A graph shows the amount of rainfall in a particular area for each month of the year. The information in the graph could be used to

a. Compare the amount of rainfall with the previous year

b. Determine the exact amount of rainfall during the next year

c. Calculate the average daily rainfall for the previous year

d. Find the difference between the greatest and least amounts of rainfall.

|   |A quiet hush enveloped me as I slowly stepped through the big doors. It was very quiet. People whispered. Feet shuffled. Heads were bowed in |

|   |concentrated reading. Papers rustled as pages were turned. The occasional staccato stamping of books by the librarian was the only audible sound. The |

| |library was a world unto itself. |

Which sentence is the closing sentence of this paragraph?

A. It was very quiet.

B. People whispered.

C. The library was a world unto itself.

D. Heads were bowed in concentrated reading.

Reading Comprehension

Mushrooms

Most of us are familiar with one or two kinds of mushrooms, usually white or brown varieties that find their way onto pizzas. Actually, more than 3,000 types grow around the world in a wide variety of flavors and sizes. Some are less than an inch high, and others are more than 15 inches tall. Some have unusual names like Portobello and Black Trumpet, and they are listed on sophisticated menus in fancy restaurants. However, many centuries ago, long before pizzas and fancy restaurants existed, people were eating mushrooms.

Ancient hieroglyphics from more than 4,600 years ago tell us Egyptians called mushrooms "the magic food." They believed eating them resulted in immortality, and only pharaohs were given this privilege so that they could live forever. Of course, this meant Egyptian royalty enjoyed all the delicious mushrooms since no commoner could touch them! Other ancient civilizations in places such as Russia and Mexico thought mushrooms had ingredients that could produce superhuman strength and even help locate lost objects.

Centuries ago, people still associated magic with mushrooms. Sometimes they observed unusual places in a meadow, like a patch of bright green grass or a spot of bare soil. Then they imagined these places were the result of footprints left by fairies dancing at night. When mushrooms appeared near the edge of these "fairy rings," people liked to think of them as seats where the tired fairies could rest. But today we have a more scientific approach to the mushroom.

All of the many species of mushrooms are classified as fungi. They are plant-like organisms that usually grow in damp, dark places like caves or forest floors, but they can also grow in grassy areas. Fungi work with other plants and animals called decomposers to keep the soil fertile for plant growth. Like many other plants, mushrooms serve as a source of food for insects and small animals. Mushrooms differ from green plants because they lack chlorophyll and do not require sunshine to grow. As the demand for mushrooms increased over the centuries, people established mushroom farms to plant and grow the fungi in special environments. Some farms were in caves, some underground, and some in special buildings. In the 1600s, for example, France developed the formal cultivation of mushrooms in special caves near Paris. Until the 1940s, most mushroom farms were in the Far East, especially China and Japan. Then during World War II, many American soldiers tasted the delicious varieties of mushrooms and learned about mushroom farming. After the war, they took this knowledge back to the United States, which soon became one of the world's major mushroom producers.

Health and safety are always concerns when growing any crop. One of the complications with mushrooms is that they can be poisonous or nonpoisonous. Common nontoxic varieties such as table and field mushrooms are safe to eat and can be purchased in grocery stores. These mushrooms are praised by health experts because they are fat-free, cholesterol-free, and low in calories. They are rich in B vitamins, potassium, phosphorus, and iron. Chefs use them in dishes ranging from soups to gourmet sauces, and some mushrooms even have medicinal benefits. The silver-ear mushroom, for example, can be used to lower blood pressure.

Over the years, edible mushrooms have proven to be extremely popular in the marketplace. Today the USA is the world leader in supplying mushrooms, and other major contributors include France, China, Canada, Great Britain, and Italy. In 1986, 470 million pounds of mushrooms were produced throughout the world, and by 1999 this figure had almost doubled. Production was up to 860 million pounds and the market value was $867 million. At this rate, it appears safe to say mushrooms are here to stay!

1. The author's purpose in writing this article was to

a. tell why pharaohs ate mushrooms

b. persuade people to buy more mushrooms

c. explain the history and uses of mushrooms

d. provide information for staying healthy with mushrooms

2. Read this sentence from the article.

Common nontoxic varieties such as table and field mushrooms

are safe to eat and can be purchased in grocery stores.

What does the word nontoxic mean?

e. Tasty

f. Harmless

g. Expensive

h. Poisonous

3. What is the warning the author gives about mushrooms?

a. Only royalty can eat them.

b. Some varieties can be poisonous.

c. They should only be eaten in pizzas.

d. They must be grown in dark, damp places.

4. According to this article, what countries have been significant in the world's mushroom production?

5. How are mushrooms different from green plants?

a. They are very colorful.

b. They are a part of people's diet.

c. They appear around "fairy rings".

d. They don't need the sun for growth.

6. Which subheading would be most appropriate for the fourth paragraph of the article?

a. Fungi

b. Organisms

c. food sources

d. decomposers

7. With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?

a. Mushrooms are profitable and fun to grow.

b. Identifying poisonous mushrooms is a relatively simple process.

c. The mushroom market has grown dramatically since World War II.

d. Ancient civilizations were able to grow remarkably large mushroom crops.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download