These papers tell the story of Sgt



The Story of

Serjeant Jack Regan,

Glamorgan Royal Garrison Artillery

Killed in Action 31st July 1916

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When my wife, Kathleen and I married in 1994 we decided to settle in Kath’s family home in Penarth. In the house was a large brass bound “Douai” Bible. Inside the covers were letters and items relating to Kath’s maternal grandfather who had been killed in the First World War.

The papers tell the story of Serjeant John (“Jack”) Regan and some of the other men of Penarth who went to fight in the First World War[1]. Although many returned safely to their homes and families at the end of the fighting, others did not. Jack Regan was one of those killed in action.

The story starts with two photographs of him in rugby kit.

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Jack Regan front row left

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Jack Regan (second row first from the left), J. Huett (third row, third from the left) and William Hooper (sitting front row right)

The larger one was taken in 1904 when he played rugby for the Penarth Thistle Rugby Football team. Jack Regan became a well-known rugby player at half-back with Penarth RFC. He was Vice Captain and played in 5 games against the Barbarians - in 1908, 1910, 1911, 1913 and 1914. In the years before the War Jack also toured with Penarth RFC to play against French clubs in 1910, 1911 and 1914. The clubs played against included Tarbes, Bayonne, Brive, Le Harve and Auch. On each occasion they came home undefeated.

Also in the picture is J. Huett whose sister Jack was to marry in 1907. Another member of the team in the photograph is his friend and Kath’s other grandfather, William Hooper, who would serve in the same artillery battery as Jack Regan. The family think he was serving alongside Jack Regan when he was killed. He would survive the war and was the first steward of the Penarth Ex Servicemen’s Club in 1922, but he suffered for the rest of his life from the effects of poison gas and what was then called “shell shock” and nowadays is known as PTSD.

Prior to the war Jack Regan worked as a grocer’s warehouseman. He was also member of the Glamorgan Royal Garrison Artillery, which became part of the Territorial Army when it was formed in 1908. The Glamorgan RGA’s role was to man heavy guns positioned in forts and batteries around the coast of Glamorgan to provide a defence against attack from the sea. The approaches to the Bristol Channel ports were protected by forts at Brean Down, on the Holm Islands, at Lavernock and on Penarth Head.

The Penarth Head Fort was the last to be constructed c.1900. The Fort was located at Uppercliff House. The Fort was constructed from reinforced concrete and had two gun emplacements and in 1914 these housed two 6” guns. In addition, there were magazines and workshops and searchlight and control posts on the cliff. Upercliff House itself became the Officers’ Mess and was renamed Artillery House[2].

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Penarth Head Fort and Coastal Battery. The lookout tower, barracks and gun emplacements can be clearly seen. To the right, Uppercliff, home to John Batchelor and from about 1900 it became the officer’s quarters and was re-named Artillery House

Jack Regan belonged to number 4 Company and we have some photographs which we think were taken at Penarth Head Fort showing the Company training with a practice gun. In the picture marked “No 4” below we think John Regan is standing in the centre of the picture. In the other one he is sitting third from the left in the front row.

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Jack Regan practicing gun drill with the Glamorgan Royal Garrison Artillery

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Number 4 Company Glamorgan RGA. Jack Regan is seated in the front row third from the left in shirtsleeves.

When war broke out on 4th August 1914 the Glamorgan RGA had assembled for their summer camp at Lavernock Fort[3]. Jack Regan immediately volunteered to serve overseas, but initially he remained in the UK. This may well have been because of the need to man coastal defences due to the fear of an invasion or an attack from the German fleet. There was also a shortage of heavy guns for the Army at the beginning of the war.

At the outbreak of war Rugby football fixtures were immediately suspended for the duration of hostilities, save for occasional games for charitable causes connected with the war. One such occasion was a match at the Cardiff Arms Park in 1915[4] between military teams of Cardiff and Penarth. Jack played at scrum-half and scored a try on what, tragically, was to prove to be his last match, as in early 1916 Jack Regan went to join 113 Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery[5].

The Royal Artillery Historical Trust at Woolwich was able to tell us that 113 Siege Battery was formed at the Royal Garrison Artillery station at Pembroke Dock on 14th February 1916 and that the personnel would have been a mixture of regulars, wartime recruits and territorials like Jack Regan. A number of other members of the Glamorgan RGA also went to form the nucleus of 113 Siege Battery.

The Battery consisted of four 6 inch howitzers. The 6 inch howitzer was a medium gun which fired a shell high in the air so it came plunging down on fortifications and trenches. These guns were hauled up to the front by teams of six heavy horses. The magnificent painting below of such a gun team entitled “Big Guns to the Front”, by Lucy Kemp Welch, now hangs in the main hall of the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff.

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Initially the Battery would have gone to the Siege Artillery School at Lydd in Kent, for training. On 12th June 1916 it embarked at Southampton for France. On the 16th June 1916 it joined the 31st Heavy Artillery Group which was being reinforced before the start of the Battle of the Somme. The Battery fired its first round on 20th June 1916.

The following photographs show 6 inch howitzers in the field.

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Official photograph of a 6 inch howitzer ready for firing in the ruins of Pilkem in Flanders 23 August 1917

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Crew of a 6 inch 26 cwt howitzer moving the howitzer on to a new position

When he went away to war Jack Regan was the father of a large family with his wife Mary (who was known as Ginny) of four boys and one girl. Ginny was also expecting another child. Eileen, Kath’s mother, was born on 6th May 1916.

In those days all messages to friends and family were by letter or post card. For reasons of military security letters from soldiers at the front were censored and could take a long time to get to their destination. The soldiers were therefore given cards on which they could send simple messages such as “I am quite well”. Jack Regan sent several cards while he was in France. The one reproduced below was addressed to his daughter Nancy and Jack has also added a line about another Penarth man who has been wounded. It is on the front of the card because as can be seen soldiers were forbidden from adding anything to the pre-printed messages on the back.

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We also have two letters home from Jack Regan. Written in indelible pencil the letters give news of other Penarth men wounded or killed by shelling or poison gas. One of them thanks Ginny for sending a parcel and a snapshot photograph of her and the children including his new daughter. He expresses himself pleased that both his wife and daughter looked healthy after what had evidently been a difficult birth. He also refers to finding a ha’penny in the parcel from his new daughter which he says he will keep for good luck. Sadly, we do not have this photo.

There are also some notes kept by Jack in which he refers the Battery moving into a position near Maricourt on the night of 18th July after an attack of poison gas that morning had killed one and affected 20 of the section. It was near Maricourt on 31st July 1916 that Jack Regan was killed when a shell burst close to where he was standing and fragment of the shell struck him in the chest. At the bottom of the notes another hand has written: “the writer of this is now dead. Poor chap Sgt Regan”.

We have a letter to Ginny Regan from Captain J H England which says: “He was killed instantaneously by a German shell on July 31st whilst in Action bravely fighting his gun in this great Battle. He will be a great loss to us out here as well for he was one of the best men in the Battery; we can ill afford to lose them now. He always did his job well, he never showed any Fear & was always cheerful and brave – we buried him with full military honours in a soldiers cemetery near the Position where he fought so well...”.

The funeral was on 1st August and an obituary notice in the Penarth Times states that it was attended by Jack’s brothers in law William Fox and Joe Huett, who we think must also have been in the 113th Siege Battery. He was buried originally alongside the grave of Sam Thomas (also of Penarth and the 113th Siege Battery), who was buried the week before.

There is also a later letter of condolence from the Commanding Officer of the Battery, Major Allen which assured Ginny that her husband, a Roman Catholic, had been buried “..by a priest of his own Faith”.

There is also a letter of sympathy was from “T Bartlett” to Mrs Regan. It is notable for the patriotic sentiments it expresses, referring to “… the losses were not wasted but given for the love of their Homeland and for the Freedom of civilization from the Greatest tyranny known”. Unfortunately we only have the last page.

The Commonwealth War Graves Commission Roll of Honour records that Battery Sergeant Major T Bartlett, 113 Siege Battery was killed a month after Jack Regan on 30th August 1916. Five other members of the Glamorgan RGA serving with 113 Battery also died that day when a shell hit a dugout where they were sheltering[6] (Bombardier Hunter, Gunner Boyle, Gunner Grant, Gunner T Jones and Gunner H White).

We have transcribed so far as we can the full text of these letters and notes in the Appendix to this account.

One of the items returned to Ginny Regan and which has survived is a “Collins Gem Dictionary” that her husband took to war with him. Inside the back cover he has written the names and birthdays of his children. Eileen’s name is squeezed in at the bottom of the page.

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Jack Regan’s Collins Gem Dictionary

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The inside back cover with the names of Jack Regan’s children.

We also have the photograph which she was sent of her husband’s original grave at Carnoy with its simple wooden cross. She never visited France as this was quite beyond the means of a war widow left with six children.

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Jack Regan’s original grave at Carnoy

After the war the Glamorgan RGA erected a memorial to their lost comrades in St John’s Church, Cardiff[7]. We still have Ginny Regan’s copy of the Order of Service when it was dedicated.

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Glamorgan RGA Memorial at St John’s Church, Cardiff and Names of the Fallen from the Order of Service

Of the 69 names on that memorial 18 served with 113 Siege Battery, the largest single group: BSM T.Bartlett, Sgts. E Boyle and John Regan, Bombardiers Gould, Hunter, W. Jones and Packer and Gunners Boyle, Francis, Grant, Hartrey, T Jones, Lewis, SMJ Spear, J Spear, White, T Williams and Woolhouse.

Of those serving with 113 Battery 5 members of the Glamorgan RGA are known to be from Penarth (T Bartlett, J Regan, S J Gould, A Hartrey, SMJ Spear).

Lt. Whiteley (49 Siege Battery), Gnrs Palfrey and E Walker (recorded as killed on 4th November 1916 aged 16) both serving with 172 Siege Battery and Gnr. GE Maddocks, 4th (Glamorgan Company) RGA were also from Penarth.

In due course Ginny would have received Jack’s war medals. The First World War Medal Rolls show that in addition to the Victory Medal and War Medal, Jack Regan was awarded the Territorial Force War Medal. This is the rarest of the First World War medals with only some 33,000 being issued. It was given to those who had been members of the Territorial Army at the outbreak of war and who had volunteered for service overseas, but were not sent until 1916 or later – had he been sent earlier, he would have qualified for the 1914 or 1915 Star instead. It was evidently felt that the willingness of those who volunteered at the outset of the war was worthy of recognition. Regrettably, the medals are also missing and Kath suspects they may have been sold by Ginny during the hard times that followed.

Medals Awarded to Jack Regan

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|War Medal 1914 - 1918 |Victory Medal inscribed “The GREAT WAR |Territorial War Medal inscribed “FOR |

| |FOR CIVILISATION1914-1919 |VOLUNTARY SERVICE OVERSEAS 1914 -19 |

Ginny would also have received a scroll from King George V and a bronze plaque (also unfortunately missing):

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|Commemorative Scroll |Example of the memorial Plaque, sometines referred |

| |to as the “Death Penny” |

Jack Regan is commemorated on the parish war memorial in St Augustine’s Church, Penarth (“Top Church”).

[pic] The Penarth War Memorial in St Augustine’s Church. The picture shows the memorial in its original form as dedicated. The memorial was altered later by the addition of names of Penarth’s casualties in the Second World War.

He is also commemorated on the town war memorial in Alexandra Gardens and is one of those to whom the Penarth RFC Memorial Stand 1924-5 is dedicated.

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In 1925 the Royal Artillery dedicated a memorial at Hyde Park Corner designed by Charles Sergeant Jagger MC and Lionel Pearson. It bears the inscription "In Proud Remembrance of the Forty-Nine Thousand & Seventy-Six of All Ranks of the Royal Regiment of Artillery Who Gave Their Lives for King And Country in the Great War 1914—1919”.

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In his willingness to volunteer and serve, Jack Regan lived up to the motto of the Glamorgan RGA:

“Ready Aye Ready”

POSTSCRIPT

In 1996 we wrote to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission to find Jack Regan’s grave – no internet then – and were informed that he now rests in the Peronne Road Cemetery in Maricourt. We visited the grave in March 1997, the first family members to do so.

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Kath at Jack Regan’s grave in Peronne Road Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery, March 1997.

We laid a poppy wreath with a note written by Kath to her grandfather which explained who she was and that her mother was the daughter he had never seen and that her mother had married the eldest son of his friend William Hooper. Kath’s father, M D J “Mel” Hooper left school at 14 to support his family due to his father being disabled in the war and subsequently went to sea as a cabin boy rising to be Commodore Master of the Graig Shipping Company; but that is another story in itself.

Jack Regan and William Hooper must have been close friends because one of William’s daughters and Kath’s aunt was named Elizabeth Maricourt Hooper.

With the approach of the centenary of the start of the First World War the Friends of St Augustine’s launched a project to restore the Roll of Honour and with assistance from the Heritage Lottery Fund and donations the memorial was conserved and re-gilded.

On the 3rd August 2014 the memorial was re-dedicated by the Archbishop of Wales at a special service of the eve of the centenary of the outbreak of War. Kath was one of eighteen descendants of men named on the Roll present at the service.

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|Jack Regan’s name on the restored Penarth Roll of Honour in St Augustine’s Church |

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|Kath and Huw at the Re-dedication Service|The re-dedicated Roll of Honour |

APPENDIX

July 24th 1916

Dear Wife,

I have received your letters and parcel dated up to 17th and I am very pleased to know you are all well. I am quite well but sadly I cannot say the same about them all. Guns Sam Thomas of Salop Place got killed yesterday with shrapnel. Lieut. Whiteley[8] I hear is killed he was……………………. badly in the shoulder nearly severing his right arm. I have not heard if he has died, I hope not he was nearly gone last I heard, a fine chap and well liked by the men of the 49th battery.

Everybody is [grieving] for Sam Thomas and Frank Lewis[9], they were both very nice chaps. I told you in my last letter about F Lewis I believe, he was gassed and died in no time.

I am sorry to hear about F Blackmore[10] and W Youde[11]. I hear that H Bird have [sic] died of wounds[12].

I hear that Sgt Gould is down at the base hospital, he is alright the wound was very slight a cut in the forehead. No doubt Gnrs Hall & Toye will find themselves in England shortly, if they are not already there.

Lance Corporal Manton (Charlie) I hear got through the charge on the 1st July with a slight wound. I have been enquiring about him but could hear nothing. I expect he is in “Blighty” shout for home,

I met Frank Walsh yesterday, he is alright if they inquire.

Sgt. Wallace, [Henry] is out here he is gone back to the rest camp for 4 days, he is quite alright.

I have just found the ½ d that our little daughter put in the parcel, how thoughtful. I am keeping it for lunch.

There is nothing more I can tell you dear only give my usual to yourself and the children, and keep on writing, as I like to receive your letters, that form you sent out, you might have filled it in.

Give my kind regards to Ma and all of them. will write again shortly

Your loving husband

Jack

[heart of kisses]

P.T.O.

Thanks for the letters and parcels, but don’t listen to any shortage of food or wet clothes, we are not playing soldiers in the drawing room,

Good day

30/7/16

Dear Wife

I received your letter and photographs dated July 23rd, it is about the best photo of yourself I have seen considering it is a snap shot. I am pleased you are looking so well, you are looking so much stronger and how pleased I am to see Eileen’s eyes are so bright and open. I was afraid she might have been a bit disfigured through the carelessness of the Nurse at her birth. You are not looking so sulky as you generally are when you get photographed, the fault that always upset you. What about Nancy and Bernard. Have you been tarring them, they must be burned with the sun, isn’t the boy looking stocky, he must be a heaven on earth to you at present. He reminds me of your father, about the eyes. Is that a wafer in his hand, he is waiting to have a go at it.

Miss Consequence [Nancy] is quite happy with her ribbon for her hair is quite long.

Has Charlie taken to cycling now, if he is not careful he will want to go to school again. He must be feeling quite young, he looks just the smart man in his photo. Give him and Ma my kind regards. Ma is missing, she should be on the handlebar. How is Elizabeth.

I expect your hunger for a letter is satisfied by now as there is about four on the way since July 19th. No doubt you get despondent when others get letters and none for you dear. I get the same myself when there is a delay in the post. I have received your parcels alright and I replied the next day with a card and letter. It seems the letters take longer than the cards, but we must put up with any inconvenience; it is generally made up by them all arriving together. I have had a letter each day this week from my dear and you can rest assured it is not too often as they are all we look forward to.

We are only allowed [to write] one letter per day and it is just as well, the correspondence of some of the boys is ridiculous, some four or five letters a day and with about half log sheets it was more than a days work for the officers to read them so they would have to be left until time permitted and there isn’t much time to read here, but of course we can send any number of cards

Your Loving husband

Jack

(Heart of x’s)

Letter of Sympathy from T Bartlett to Mrs Regan.

We only have the last page:

Luck is life, the war goes on and takes its toll and heavily at times but answering the call of duty our only thought must be of the safety of loved ones at home. The time will soon come when our terrible enemy will be brought to his bearings and a great retribution although many families will have lost loved ones. But they will be happy with the consolation that the lives were not wasted but given for the love of their Homeland and for the Freedom of civilization from the Greatest tyrant known .

Again our deepest sympathy and with the sincere hop that you will be endowed with every power to comfort you in your great loss.

Yours very sincerely

T Bartlett

Sgt Major T Bartlett, 113 Siege Battery and a team mate of Jack’s in the Penarth RFC was killed on 30th August 1916.

113 Siege Battery Rga

B.E.F

August 4 1916

My dear Mrs Regan,

By this time you will have been informed by the War Office of the very sad news – I write to give you my very sincere sympathy – He was killed instantaneously by a German shell on July 31st whilst in Action bravely fighting his gun in this great Battle. He will be a great loss to us out here in the Battery & we can ill afford to lose them now. He always did his job well, he never showed any Fear & was always cheerful and brave – We buried him with Full Military honours in a soldier’s Cemetery near the Position where he fought so well. If there is anything further that you would like to know about your Husband or anything I can do I shall be only too pleased to help you for I always had great respect for him. I can’t tell you how much I feel for yourself and your children.

Yours sincerely,

J H England Capt.

Glam Rga

In the Field

3 Sept. 1916

To Mrs Regan.

Dear Madam,

I enclose herewith Postal Orders, to the value of eighteen shillings (18/-), being the equivalent of the sum of money in possession of your late husband at the time of his death – viz Francs 25.

I should like to take this opportunity of letting you know how much the other officers, NCO’s and men of the battery sympathise with you in your sad loss. Serjeant Regan was a good soldier, a capable artilleryman and universally popular.

His death in action was a sad blow to all of us – but he did his duty to the last and his end must have been painless.

He was buried with military honours in Carnoy cemetery by a priest of his own Faith.

May God comfort you and your children.

Yours faithfully,

H. Allen

Major R.G.A

Commanding 113th Siege Battery

Notes made by Jack Regan,

“The attack was a great success and we are still holding our new ground.

The left Section advanced our position on the 14th July. Captain England and Sgt Rogers picked our position on the right of Montauban, it proved a very hot position and we vacated it on the 18th after losing Gunner Evans on the 16th and Gunner Francis on the 17th from shell fire. We also lost Gunner F Lewis after an attack of gas on the morning of the 18th, no less than twenty of the section suffered effects from the poison gas.

We joined the right section on the 18th on the left of Maricourt without our Guns, my gun Number 3 being out of action and this also proved a very hot position and we lost Gunner S Thomas killed and Sgts Hope and McBride (M.T. ) wounded on 23rd July

On the morning of 23rd I was sent with a Section of 11 men to [indistinct] for a new gun barrel on the road after we left Bonfrey we met with an accident which could have proved fatal as a collision took place with our lorry and another lorry loaded with shells pitching us together injuring Gunner Harrison and another from No.21 Section……….”

The writer of this is now dead – Poor Chap Sgt Regan

3 Ra completed.

Sgt T Gould

List of those killed while serving with 113 Siege Battery 1916 – 1919 from Commonwealth War Graves Commission – with notes added

|113th Royal Garrison Artillery Casualty Report (102 Casualties) |

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|BARD COTTAGE CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|McCALLUM, Gunner, A, 63937. 113th Anti-Aircraft Sect., Royal Garrison Artillery. 15 September 1917. Age 29. Son of Fergus |

|and Martha McCallum, of 5, Davaar, Girvan, Ayrshire. Grave Reference: IV. G. 49. |

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|BEDFORD HOUSE CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|CROUCH, Major, FREDERICK CHARLES. Mentioned in Despatches. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 2 |

|November 1917. Age 36. Husband of Isabella Crouch, of 46, College Rd., Isleworth, Middlesex. Grave Reference: Enclosure |

|No.2 I. F. 16[13]. |

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|BELGIAN BATTERY CORNER CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|BOWRING, Gunner, CHARLES, 334473. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 26 March 1918. Age 30. Son of Charles |

|Bowring, of 45, Wakeham St., Portland, Weymouth. Grave Reference: II. H. 20. |

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|BIRR CROSS ROADS CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|JANES, Gunner, WILLIAM ALBERT, 352229. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 9 October 1918. Age 22. Son of William |

|Louis Seymour Janes and Alice Florence Janes, of 55, Devonshire Avenue, Southsea, Portsmouth. Grave Reference: I. H. 4. |

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|DOCHY FARM NEW BRITISH CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|WILLCOX, Gunner, ERNEST WILLIAM, 120776. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 19 October 1917. Age |

|31. Son of the late William and Thirla Willcox, of Buckland, Frome, Somerset; husband of Edith Miriam Willcox, of The |

|Stores, Leigh-on-Mendip, Bath. Grave Reference: III. B. 28. |

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|LIJSSENTHOEK MILITARY CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|EDGCUMBE, Gunner, ERNEST, 159251. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 18 October 1918. Age 32. Son |

|of Thomas and Martha Edgcumbe, of 241, Clifton Rd., Sparkbrook, Birmingham; husband of Mrs. G. M. Summers (formerly |

|Edgcumbe), of 4, Broom Place, Leopold St., Highgate, Birmingham. Grave Reference: XXX. G. 10. |

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|LAWRENCE, Gunner, LEWIS SAMUEL, 87532. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 20 October 1917. Age 33.|

|Husband of Ellen E. Lawrence, of 708, East Lincoln St., Cadillac, Michigan, U.S.A. Born Birmingham, England. Grave |

|Reference: XXV. H. 17. |

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|SAMUELSON, Captain, WILLIAM DENYS. Mentioned in Despatches. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 December 1917. |

|Age 21. Son of William N. and E. May Samuelson, of West Kirby, Cheshire. Grave Reference: XXVII. CC. 21. |

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|WELLS, Gunner, FREDERICK, 86557. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 26 October 1917. Age 26. Husband of Mary |

|Elizabeth Wells, of Woodbridge, Suffolk. Grave Reference: XXII. F. 15. |

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|MENIN ROAD SOUTH MILITARY CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|BOYLE, Serjeant, E, 348060. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 15 October 1917. Grave Reference: II. L. 21[14]. |

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|CROKE, Gunner, E C, 169096. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 23 November 1917. Age 39. Son of William and Sarah |

|Croke, of St. Pancras, London; husband of Florence Croke, of 25, Nerth Villas, Camden Square, London. Grave Reference: III.|

|M. 39. |

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|KILBY, Gunner, F J, 62117. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 20 October 1917. Grave Reference: III. L. 19. |

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|PACKER, Acting Bombardier, G W, 348213. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 15 October 1917. Grave Reference: II. L. |

|23[15]. |

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|SPEAR, Gunner, J, 348134. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 16 October 1917. Grave Reference: II. L. 24[16]. |

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|SPEAR, Gunner, SAMUEL MICHAEL JOHN, 348144. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 15 October 1917. Age 19. Son of Mr.|

|and Mrs. George Spear, of 40, Glebe St., Penarth, Cardiff. Grave Reference: II. L. 22[17]. |

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|POTIJZE CHATEAU GROUNDS CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|BROWN, Bombardier, JAMES EDWIN, 376175. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 26 November 1917. Age 23. Son of |

|Richard and Harriet Brown, of Blyth, Northumberland; husband of Mary Blanche Thompson (formerly Brown), of 2, Hood St., |

|Swalwell, Co. Durham. Grave Reference: I. D. 17. |

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|CALLOW, Gunner, W J, 169256. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 26 November 1917. Age 36. Son of Mrs. John Callow, of |

|Great Brington; husband of E. A. Callow, of 56, Great Brington, Northampton. Grave Reference: I. D. 18. |

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|FLEMING, Gunner, PATRICK, 163662. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 9 December 1917. Age 25. |

|(served as MORRISSEY). Son of Philip and Mary Fleming, of Graigue, Upper Danesfort, Co. Kilkenny. Grave Reference: I. D. |

|40. |

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|RAILWAY DUGOUTS BURIAL GROUND (TRANSPORT FARM), West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|FERGUSON, Gunner, JOHN HENRY, 19066. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 17 October 1917. Age 34. Husband of |

|Nellie Ferguson, of Earl St., Manchester Rd., Bradford. Grave Reference: VII. O. 1. |

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|SPOILBANK CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|DOYLE, Bombardier, C, 39234. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 October 1917. Grave Reference: II. B. 4. |

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|MURDOCH, Gunner, T, 75832. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 October 1917. Age 35. Son of the late Thomas |

|Murdoch. Grave Reference: II. B. 3. |

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|TYNE COT MEMORIAL, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

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|CARTER, Gunner, FREDERICK OBED, 91238. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 11 January 1918. Grave Reference: Panel |

|6 to 7 and 162. |

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|LAKE, Gunner, CECIL GEORGE, 151246. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 11 January 1918. Grave Reference: Panel 6 |

|to 7 and 162. |

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|STEWART, Gunner, JOHN, 182944. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 11 January 1918. Grave Reference: Panel 6 to 7 |

|and 162. |

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|YPRES RESERVOIR CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BUCKHURST, Gunner, BERTIE WILLIAM, 120278. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 14 October 1918. Age|

|21. Son of F. W. and Kate E. Buckhurst, of 5, Campsbourne Rd., High St., Hornsey, Middx. Grave Reference: II. D. 11. |

| |

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|CLARKE, Gunner, P H, 164336. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 September 1918. Age 32. Son of Thomas and |

|Elizabeth Clarke, of Wandsworth, London; husband of Charlotte Eleanor Clarke, of 8, Plas Newydd, Thorpe Bay, Essex. Grave |

|Reference: V. B. 4. |

| |

| |

|DAWSON, Gunner, G, 96423. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 28 September 1918. Age 37. Son of |

|George and Maria Dawson, of Manor Park, London; husband of Alice Maud Mary Dawson, of 214, Wellesley Rd., Ilford, Essex. |

|Grave Reference: V. B. 5. |

| |

| |

|GOULD, Bombardier, S J, 348120. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 September 1918. Age 24. Son of John and |

|Margaret Gould, of 15, Maughan St., Penarth. Grave Reference: V. AA. 7[18]. |

| |

| |

|GRANT, Gunner, A, 107257. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 September 1918. Age 21. Son of Gertrude Pinfold |

|(formerly Grant), of Hook Norton, Banbury, Oxon., and the late Thomas Grant. Grave Reference: V. B. 3. |

| |

| |

|TWELLS, Gunner, ALBERT, 207657. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 September 1918. Age 21. Son of John and Mary|

|Twells, of Bulwell, Notts. Grave Reference: V. AA. 14. |

| |

| |

|TWELLS, Gunner, J H, 188780. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 September 1918. Husband of Mary Twells, of 5, |

|Wood St., Gresley, Burton-on-Trent. Grave Reference: II. E. 20. |

| |

| |

|WISHART, Gunner, JAMES, 121150. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 December 1917. Age 34. Son of David and |

|Margaret Wishart, of 17, Rose Crescent, Dunfermline. Grave Reference: III. A. 3. |

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|ANZIN-ST. AUBIN BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BANNISTER, Gunner, S, 67988. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 9 April 1917. Grave Reference: I. B. 11. |

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|AUBIGNY COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Pas de Calais, France |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|INGLIS, Gunner, ROBERT, 63564. 113th Heavy By., Royal Garrison Artillery. 6 April 1917. Age 23. Son of Robert and Janet |

|Inglis, of Broadlie Cottage, Neilston, Glasgow. Grave Reference: I. K. 26. |

| |

| |

|SMITH, Acting Bombardier, F J, 62245. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 May 1917. Age 20. Son of Francis Frank |

|and Selina Smith, of 11, Glenwood Rd., West Green Rd., South Tottenham, London. Grave Reference: II. J. 81. |

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|BERTRANCOURT MILITARY CEMETERY, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|ANNETTS, Gunner, ALBERT CHARLES, 62772. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 6 July 1916. Age 31. |

|Husband of Mrs. E. E. Annetts, of 40, Gordon Road, Fareham, Hants. Grave Reference: Plot 1. Row H. Grave 12. |

| |

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|REEVES, Gunner, WILLIAM, 23380. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 6 July 1916. Age 39. Son of |

|James and Harriet Reeves; husband of Sarah Reeves, of Armadale, West Lothian. Native of Cambridge. Served in the South |

|African Campaign. Grave Reference: Plot 1. Row H. Grave 13. |

| |

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|BOULOGNE EASTERN CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|HANCOCK, Gunner, ALBERT HENRY, 75490. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds (gas), 1 November 1917. |

|Age 32. Son of Mrs. M. A. Hancock, of Wokingham Rd., Bracknell, Berks., and the late Mr. W. Hancock. Grave Reference: VIII.|

|I. 94. |

| |

| |

|MILLER, Gunner, REGINALD HUGH, 290547. M M. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 17 November 1917. Age 20. Son of |

|Donald and Eliza Miller, of 38, Belgrave Rd., Sale, Cheshire. Grave Reference: VIII. I. 116. |

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|BOUSIES COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BAILEY, Gunner, CHARLES, 134875. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 November 1918. Husband of Louisa Bailey, of |

|3, Mayfield House, Rushcroft Rd., Brixton, London. Grave Reference: 2. |

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|COUIN BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|DOHERTY, Second Lieutenant, J. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 3 July 1916. Grave Reference: II. A. 5. |

| |

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|GILL, Gunner, ARTHUR, 36628. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds (gas), 10 November 1916. Age 23. |

|Son of James and Bessie Jane Gill, of Church Villa, Egloshayle, Wadebridge, Cornwall. Native of Bodmin, Cornwall. Grave |

|Reference: III. C. 16. |

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|COURCELLES-AU-BOIS COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|JEBSON, Second Lieutenant, GEORGE JAMES. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 23 January 1917. Age 34. |

|Son of J. and M. Jebson, of London; husband of Chrissy Jebson, of 317, Avenue E., North Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Grave |

|Reference: E. 6. |

| |

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|MILTON, Second Lieutenant, ERNEST EDWARD. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 23 January 1917. Age 32. |

|Son of Matthew Harman Milton and Jessie Milton, of 23, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London. Grave Reference: E. 5. |

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|DANTZIG ALLEY BRITISH CEMETERY, MAMETZ, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|EVANS, Gunner, W, 59170. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 16 July 1916. Grave Reference: Sp. Mem. 2[19]. |

| |

| |

|FRANCIS, Gunner, WILLIAM HOWARD, 859. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 17 July 1916. Age 21. |

|Son of James and Louisa Francis, of 68, Somerset Rd., Newport, Mon. Grave Reference: IX. S. 7[20]. |

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|DUISANS BRITISH CEMETERY, ETRUN, Pas de Calais, France |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BROOKSBANK, Gunner, FREDERICK STANLEY, 93167. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 16 May 1917. Age |

|21. Son of James and Emma Brooksbank, of 110, Thornbury Avenue, Bradford, Yorks. Grave Reference: IV. L. 2. |

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| |

|STAUNTON, Gunner, J, 106414. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 18 May 1917. Age 20. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Staunton,|

|of Kincon, Co. Mayo. Grave Reference: IV. L. 40. |

| |

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|ETAPLES MILITARY CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|NEWTON, Gunner, WILLIAM ROBERT, 64092. 113rd Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, received at the Battle |

|of Arras, 18 May 1917. Age 21. Son of Thomas Arthur and Elizabeth Newton, of Dewsbury, Yorks. Native of Saham Hills, |

|Norfolk. Grave Reference: XVIII. O. 11. |

| |

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|ETRETAT CHURCHYARD, Seine-Maritime, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|HILLS, Gunner, GEORGE HENRY, 16568. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of sickness, 7 April 1916. Age 29. Son|

|of Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Hills, of 32, Barham Rd., Newtown, Dartford, Kent. Grave Reference: I. E. 8. |

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|FAUBOURG D'AMIENS CEMETERY, ARRAS, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BOWER, Gunner, ERNEST FREDERICK, 75811. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 4 May 1917. Age 38. Son of Mrs. Ellen |

|Mary Bower, of Acton, Langton Matravers, Dorset. Grave Reference: V. D. 3. |

| |

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|FOURMIES COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|WRIGHT, Gunner, JAMES, 63337. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of pneumonia, 27 February 1919. Age 33. |

|Husband of Emma Wright, of 1. Bramley Place, Crayford, Kent. Grave Reference: E. 6. |

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|FRANVILLERS COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|CURTIS, Gunner, GARFIELD, 69726. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 28 May 1918. Age 21. Son of Mrs. Curtis, of |

|110, Par Green, Cornwall. Grave Reference: I. C. 22. |

| |

| |

|WILSON, Lance Bombardier, DAVID ALLAN, 33399. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 June 1918. Son of W. and Jane |

|Wilson, of 43, Mortlake Rd., Custom House, London. Grave Reference: I. F. 24. |

| |

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|GUIZANCOURT FARM CEMETERY, GOUY, Aisne, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|POWELL, Gunner, JOHN EDWARD, 185408. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 8 October 1918. Age 26. Son of Edward and |

|Annie Powell, of Oak Cottage, Llandyssil, Montgomery. Grave Reference: D. 16. |

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|HAUTE-AVESNES BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|FORD, Gunner, THOMAS GEORGE, 41955. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 21 April 1917. Son of Alice Ford, of 1, |

|Baythorne St., Bow, London. Grave Reference: C. 21. |

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|HEILLY STATION CEMETERY, MERICOURT-L'ABBE, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|HARRIS, Gunner, WILLIAM, 202297. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 9 September 1918. Age 33. |

|Husband of G. M. Harris, of Long St., Tetbury, Glos. Grave Reference: VII. C. 7. |

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|HIBERS TRENCH CEMETERY, WANCOURT, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|ROGERS, Corporal, F, 16550. M M. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 3 October 1917. Grave Reference: E. 24. |

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|HIGHLAND CEMETERY, LE CATEAU, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|DRUMMOND, Gunner, J, 183414. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 25 October 1918. Age 21. Son of |

|Agnes Hamilton McDonald (formerly Drummond), of 62, Napierston Terrace, Jamestown, Alexandria, Dumbartonshire, and the late|

|John Drummond. Native of Glentirranmuir, Kippen, Stirlingshire. Grave Reference: I. A. 1. |

| |

| |

|WHITELOCK, Gunner, WILLIAM ELIAS, 200362. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 25 October 1918. Grave Reference: II.|

|A. 17. |

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|INCHY COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|MORROW, Gunner, T, 133194. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 25 October 1918. Age 24. Grandson of Mr. N. Morrow, |

|of 2, The Fold, High Usworth, Co. Durham. Grave Reference: B. 45. |

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|LA NEUVILLE BRITISH CEMETERY, CORBIE, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|HARTREY, Gunner, A, 324. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 3 August 1916. Age 21. Son of John and|

|Margaret Hartrey, of Penarth, Cardiff. Grave Reference: I. E. 60[21]. |

| |

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|MAUBEUGE (SOUS-LE-BOIS) CEMETERY, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|MILLS, Gunner, E, 173868. 113th Heavy Bty. 76th Bde., Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 March 1919. Age 24. Son of Edward Mills, |

|of 114, Napier St. East, Werneth, Oldham. Grave Reference: B. 3. |

| |

| |

|REES, Lance Bombardier, THOMAS JOHN, 290330. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 10 March 1919. Age 31. Son of |

|James and Miriam Rees, of 27, Bedwenty Rd., Aber Bargoed, Mon; husband of Margretta Maud Rees, of Newbridge, Mon. Grave |

|Reference: A. 8. |

| |

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|MAZINGARBE COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|SMITH, Lieutenant, SIDNEY. 113th Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 8 December 1915. Age 29. Son of William |

|and Marion Smith, of "The Laurels," The Green, Castle Bromwich, Birmingham. Grave Reference: 49. |

| |

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|MERVILLE COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|WACEY, Acting Bombardier, ALBERT THOMAS, 36005. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of accidental injuries, 4 |

|March 1915. Age 23. Son of George and Eliza Wacey, of 8, Bircham Tofts, King's Lynn. Grave Reference: I. D. 12. |

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|MINDEL TRENCH BRITISH CEMETERY, ST. LAURENT-BLANGY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BOX, Gunner, ROBERT VALENTINE, 75401. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 May 1917. Age 28. Son of Robert John |

|and Mary Box, of 222, Fishponds Rd., Bristol. Grave Reference: C. 15. |

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|HOLLINGWORTH, Gunner, HENRY, 63023. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 19 April 1917. Age 24. Son of George and |

|Annie Hollingworth; husband of Elsie Hollingworth, of 3, Timperley St., Oldham. Grave Reference: A. 34. |

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|JAUNDRILL, Acting Bombardier, W H, 97380. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 May 1917. Grave Reference: C. 27. |

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|TIMMS, Gunner, FREDERICK J., 75489. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 4 May 1917. Age 32. Husband of Ethel E. |

|Timms, of 50, Castle St. West Banbury, Oxon. Grave Reference: B. 4. |

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|PERONNE ROAD CEMETERY, MARICOURT, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BARTLETT, Battery Serjeant Major, T, 284. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Age 36. Husband of |

|Mrs. Vinest (formerly Bartlett), of 16, Plassey St., Penarth Cardiff. Grave Reference: IV. G. 12[22]. |

| |

| |

|BOYLE, Gunner, J, 312. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. G. 13[23]. |

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| |

|GRANT, Gunner, S J, 274. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Age 19. Son of Thomas and Charlotte |

|Grant of 111, Donald St., Roath Park; Cardiff. Grave Reference: IV. I. 18[24]. |

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| |

|HUNTER, Bombardier, THOMAS EUGENE, 632. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 30 August 1916. Age |

|30. Husband of Beatrice A. Hunter, of "Briardene". Sisson Rd., Gloucester. Grave Reference: IV. G. 16[25]. |

| |

| |

|JONES, Gunner, T, 640. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. I. 19[26]. |

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|JONES, Acting Bombardier, W, 591. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 12 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. H. 36. |

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|KAY, Gunner, WALTER, 61481. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Age 24. Son of JohnThomas Kay and |

|Emma Kay, of 62, James St., Little Lever, Bolton. Grave Reference: IV. G. I5. |

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|REGAN, Serjeant, J, 288. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 July 1916. Grave Reference: III. F. 11[27]. |

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| |

|STURDY, Gunner, W, 311380. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 31 August 1918. Grave Reference: III. D. 17. |

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| |

|THOMAS, Gunner, S, 437. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 23 July 1916. Grave Reference: II. I. 2[28]. |

| |

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|WHITE, Gunner, H, 421. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. G. 14[29]. |

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|WILLCOX, Gunner, A P, 65627. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 12 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. D. 23. |

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|WILLIAMS, Gunner, T, 307. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 5 August 1916. Grave Reference: IV. D. 26[30]. |

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|WOODS, Gunner, R S, 64247. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 30 August 1916. Grave Reference: III. B. 11. |

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|PONT-DU-HEM MILITARY CEMETERY, LA GORGUE, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|DOWNER, Gunner, A E, 21502. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 2 March 1915. Age 29. Son of Walter and Fanny |

|Downer, of 2, Heytesbury Villas, Heytesbury Rd., Newport, Isle of Wight. Grave Reference: Vieille Chapelle Chyd. Mem. 2. |

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|ROCQUIGNY-EQUANCOURT ROAD BRITISH CEMETERY, MANANCOURT, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|MELIA, Acting Bombardier, F, 220556. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 16 October 1918. Age 23. Husband of Annie |

|Melia, of "Wood Nook," Meanwood, Leeds. Grave Reference: XIV. D. 12. |

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|ST. NICOLAS BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|WOOLHOUSE, Gunner, VICTOR, 348340. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 4 May 1917. Age 33. Son of Wesley and Sarah |

|Jane Woolhouse; husband of Alice Maud Woolhouse, of |

| |

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|ST. SEVER CEMETERY EXTENSION, ROUEN, Seine-Maritime, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|82, Tollington Rd., Holloway, London. Grave Reference: I. E. 28[31] |

| |

|BARLOW, Gunner, J H, 92082. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds, 27 February 1917. Age 28. Son of |

|the late Samuel Barlow, of Macclesfield; husband of Alice Morris (formerly Barlow), of 22, Short St., Middlesbrough. Grave |

|Reference: O. IV. P. 3. |

| |

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|GARRETT, Gunner, N, 75373. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 9 June 1918. Grave Reference: Q. III. D. 9. |

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|TANNAY BRITISH CEMETERY, THIENNES, Nord, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|ALMOND, Gunner, WILLIAM EDMONDSON, 160854. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Killed in action, 13 May 1918. Age |

|29. Son of John Almond, J.P., and Mary E. Almond, of Farnworth, near Bolton, Lancashire. Grave Reference: Plot 2. Row C. |

|Grave 1. |

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|TEMPLEUX-LE-GUERARD BRITISH CEMETERY, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|HOLLIS, Corporal, G E, 42231. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 24 September 1918. Age 26. Son of Thomas and |

|Emily Hollis, of The Weir, Coombe, Woodstock, Oxon. Born at Brize Norton. Grave Reference: II. H. 24. |

| |

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|THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|LEWIS, Gunner, FRANK PEACHY, 487. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 18 July 1916. Grave Reference: Pier and Face |

|8 A[32]. |

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|TINCOURT NEW BRITISH CEMETERY, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|MOLLOY, Gunner, J, 66460. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 12 January 1918. Uncle of Mary Byrne, of 101, |

|Livingstone St., Birkenhead. Grave Reference: IV. E. 19. |

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|VIEILLE-CHAPELLE NEW MILITARY CEMETERY, LACOUTURE, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|STRATTON, Gunner, H, 37172. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 2 March 1915. Age 24. Son of Mrs. Martha Stratton, |

|of 45, Garvary Rd., Freemason Rd., Custom House, London. Grave Reference: V. A. 15. |

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|VILLERS-FAUCON COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, Somme, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|GRAY, Gunner, ROBERT WILLIAM, 294732. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 20 September 1918. Age 36. Son of Robert |

|Peniston Gray and Margaret Letitia Gray, of Hull; husband of Emily Gray, of 3, Ada's Avenue, Ena St., Boulevard, Hull. |

|Grave Reference: II. A. 10. |

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|WIMEREUX COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|MILLER, Gunner, H, 33064. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 21 April 1915. Grave Reference: I. E. 30A. |

| |

| |

|SILCOCK, Gunner, ALBERT, 98104. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of wounds (gas), 30 October 1917. Age 36. |

|Son of John Henry and Catherine Silcock, of Manchester; husband of Elizabeth Silcock, of 5, Hawford St., Crossley St., |

|Gorton, Manchester. Grave Reference: VI. F. 9A. |

| |

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|COLOGNE SOUTHERN CEMETERY, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|BROWN, Captain, ARNOLD NIMMO. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 8 September 1919. Age 25. Son of William and |

|Kitty Nimmo Brown. Born at Ceres, South Africa. Grave Reference: IV. D. 5. |

| |

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|BRIGHTON CITY (BEAR ROAD) CEMETERY, Sussex, United Kingdom |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|PIPER, Serjeant, AMOS PERCY, 33012. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. Died of pneumonia, 30 November 1918. Age |

|25. Born at Burham, Kent. Grave Reference: ZHN. 65. |

| |

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|MOUNT ZION METHODIST CHAPELYARD, Yorkshire, United Kingdom |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|VARLEY, Gunner, E, 80541. 113th Heavy Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 17 November 1918. Grave Reference: K. 15. |

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|PORTSMOUTH (KINGSTON) CEMETERY, Hampshire, United Kingdom |

| |

|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|McFARLANE, Lance Bombardier, ARCHIBALD F., 40429. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 1 February 1919. Age 29. Son |

|of Alexander and Elizabeth McFarlane. Born at Portsmouth. Grave Reference: Taylor's. 13. 7. |

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|TOTLAND (ST. SAVIOUR) ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHYARD, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom |

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|Commonwealth War Dead (1914-1918) |

| |

|THOMAS, Serjeant, JOHN, 21116. 113th Siege Bty., Royal Garrison Artillery. 25 May 1916. Grave Reference: In West part. |

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Text of an Imperial War Museum First World War Centenary

Podcast 32 Gunners



Podcast 32: Gunners

Transcript

You hooked your lanyard into that and when you pulled that this caused a flash – almost like striking a match – and the flash went through and impinged on the red end of the cartridge, thereby igniting the cartridge, and that blew the shell out…

 Artillery played a huge role in the First World War and helped to shape how it was fought. Guns were used for a range of vital work – during battles and quiet periods; offensively and defensively.

New wartime recruits to the Royal Artillery underwent training before being sent to the front. For commissioned officers, this was carried out at The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.

Although it was tough, Murray Rymer-Jones of the Royal Field Artillery enjoyed his time there.

You were nearly always on first parade, it was down at the riding school for riding. That was very popular in itself, because you must remember that all that first part and in the war, we practically lived on horses when we weren’t actually in action with the guns. But you went on with every sort of thing: classroom work; drill of course – particularly in the first part you passed out at drill and that was always my joy. I was always top at drill and in the gym. But you were very tired but you loved every moment of it.

 In Germany, likewise, Paul Oestreicher found training with the Bavarian 4th Field Artillery Regiment at Augsburg to be hard-going.

The training changed from, say, being at the gun in the early morning at four o’clock – we went out with the guns to be trained there. In the afternoon we had horse cleaning and horse riding.

Everything was quite pleasant but it was very hard for a boy who was not used to anything of the kind.

And the volunteers were really ridiculed and said they were just considered as human beings second class. ‘How could one be so stupid as to join voluntarily?’ these people said.

Operating an artillery piece was a complicated, technical process.

Leonard Ounsworth, of the Royal Garrison Artillery, outlined the method of loading and firing a 60 pounder heavy field gun.

 First of all you put the shell into the breech, then you have a long ramming tool, a drift they called it; you stand with your back to the gun and ram it home. When you’d put that in, you put the cartridge in. Then you closed the breech, which closed the breech block itself, had threads on it.

Well then the lever had a link connecting it from the lever itself to the bottom of the breech block, and when you’ve closed the breech lever further, that link caused the breech block to revolve by sixty degrees, thereby locking all the threads together. Well then there was a hole right through the breech block by which means you ignited the cartridge.

You put in a little tube, revolved it ninety degrees, which locked it, and then there was a little loop on that, metal ring on that, and you hooked your lanyard into that and when you pulled that this caused a flash – almost like striking a match – and the flash went through and impinged on the red end of the cartridge, thereby igniting the cartridge, and that blew the shell out.

There was an inherent danger associated with working with guns.

As S Baker of the Royal Garrison Artillery found, one threat to gunners was from shells that exploded too soon.

We got back to our rear billets and, before we got into the place where we were, a phone call come down and said that there was a terrible premature. There was two killed and one wounded. We went next day, had to pick up all the pieces. The poor bombardier that was in charge of that team, the camouflage was covered with flesh: he had the full lot of it. That was the only premature we had, thank God. I wouldn’t like… I don’t like them, not prematures.

 There were a number of different types of shell, each with a specific use.

British gunner Tom Brennan described those that he worked with.

There were four kinds of shells. There was a DA, direct action; there was a shell they used for blowing up billets and that which didn’t go off for a minute or so, it sunk in the ground before it went off, delayed action; then the third one was shrapnel; and the fourth was poison gas.

They were all painted a different colour so that you’d know which one was which. At night time, if it was dark, you would know which shells you were going to fire.

The shells were very heavy, and had to be carried up by animals or men to the guns.

William Towers of the Royal Field Artillery remembered the ill-fitting equipment he was given for doing this.

We had what we call a saddle thing, a big thing that went round your neck, and it had two leather handles and pockets in you could put shells in and then you’d carry them.

 But they were made for six foot-odd men and we wasn’t that, so your neck wasn’t carrying anything, you were carrying it all in your hands. Perhaps three or four shells and of course they weighed a bit and you wasn’t on carpeted floor, it were rough land and it was hard work especially if you were short. Because everything in the Army in those days was made for six footers. You see, they had to be a certain height before they’d take you in the Army, but now anybody goes in – during the war – anybody went in, but they didn’t think to alter these things. You were lucky if you got a tunic to fit you!

There was an issue with the reliability of ammunition.

British artillery officer Maurice Laws explained the reason for this.

 Early on, the shells were Lyddite filled and Lyddite was very good when you got it to detonate. But I don’t know whether it was fuses were bad or something was wrong, but we found that we did have quite a number of shells that didn’t detonate… exploded. Later of course they were all amatol fuelled and when they went off they were good. But the early, the sort of flood of shells started coming out, the early ones; there were an awful lot of duds. And on the Somme, 1916, I remember walking over and the place was littered with our shells which hadn’t gone off! That was bad fuses. But that was put right later on; they were very good.

In 1915, Britain was shaken by a ‘Shell Crisis’ which resulted in a shortage of ammunition at the front.

 British officer A Fletcher recalled the impact this had on his work at the Rouen Ammunition Depot that year.

The total stock couldn’t have exceeded about 2,000 rounds of ammunition, of all kinds. We used to issue it in half dozens, dozens, and sometimes single rounds to some of the bigger batteries, and I suppose one day’s loading would be a couple of railway trucks and of course it was perfectly absurd. The ammunition we had was treated as if it were gold ingots. It was laid out in very neat rows as it had to be counted every day and lined every day and dusted every day!

One of the most effective types of gun employed during the war was the howitzer.

Royal Garrison Artillery officer Monty Cleeve outlined what the howitzer could do.

 A howitzer fires upwards in a rather curved trajectory, so that when it arrives at the target it drops rather from the sky, so to speak, instead of the flatter trajectory of a gun which doesn’t rise quite so much. And a gun, shall we say, is superb for shooting at a battleship and a howitzer is superb for shooting at targets which are behind a hill, shall we say, or something like that.

A lot of the enemy batteries were behind hills, so howitzers were ideal for that purpose and also for dropping down into trenches where there were minenwerfers and things like that, machine guns. A gun couldn’t touch a machine gun but we howitzers could.

Such was the high arc followed by howitzer shells that Royal Flying Corps pilot Cecil Lewis clearly remembered seeing one in flight.

Just as we were coming up towards Pozieres, I saw something moving like a lump. I really didn’t know what the devil it was. It was a mystifying sort of effect. Then I looked again and focused and about a hundred yards ahead, there was what was, in fact, the business part of a 9-inch howitzer shell, right at the top of its trajectory. It had come up like a lobbed tennis ball right up and down again and right at the top it was going quite slowly and it was a pretty hefty bit of metal, and it was turning in this sort of way before it gathered speed again just on the top of the trajectory and then it would go down. And this was such an extraordinary thing to see because no one imagined somehow you’d ever see a shell, you know. However, there it was. And I was able after having spotted it and there were two or three – the battery was evidently firing and we saw two or three shells – and you could even actually when you’d once caught them, you could follow them right down to burst.

Each gun was operated by a team of men, who had a specific role.

Leonard Ounsworth described the members of his crew.

 There was a sergeant in charge, he was regarded as No 1 – he was generally called No 1, you see. There was the limber gunner who opened and closed the breech when you were in action, and in normal times he serviced the gun, you know, he was in charge of cleaning it and all that sort of thing.

Then there was the gun layer who of course he aimed the gun every time, and then the rest were ammunition numbers. There’s supposed to be a total of eight in the crew, but of course that was in theory because very often we didn’t have sufficient people on hand.

One vital aspect of a gun crew’s work was the registering of the guns on specific targets.

Leslie Briggs explained why this was important.

Registration had to take place invariably when a battery moved from one position to another – or from one front to another – in order that the battery commander would know exactly where he stood in relation to the enemy’s positions, his trenches and so on. In other words, to definitely register and calibrate his guns, so that the figures were known there immediately if any S.O.S. was put up by the infantry, or if there was a call for a barrage. He would know exactly where to put that down because he had pre-registered it all. His calibrations were all there in his battery office. He knew to get to a certain line he had got to correct his guns to that for deflection, elevation for range and so on.

 Guns were located in gun pits, where they had a good field of fire but could be hidden out of the direct sight of the enemy.

They were difficult to manoeuvre into position, particularly in waterlogged ground – as Cyril Dennys found out at Passchendaele in 1917.

They used to have to lay a platform – this was the great trouble – because the guns were very heavy and the ground was absolutely a bloody bog, we used to call it. Consequently they used to have to get tree trunks and things and make a platform. So we built for each of the four howitzers, we built a platform.

You wanted – and of course you always had in normal battle – the gun in a pit, but at Ypres you very often couldn’t do that because the water level was too high. So we used to make a sandbag, or double sandbag, wall around them, round the edges of the gun pit and hope that we didn’t get too near or close a round.

Artillery pieces were extremely cumbersome, and were transported by horses or motorised vehicles.

But guns often became stuck. This happened to Royal Field Artillery driver T Berry while he was serving in Mesopotamia.

 Well, we got to this bog three days from Basra and the ground seemed to be getting softer as we went along.

We started off in well-dug sand, you see, and finally we got too bad that we couldn’t shift any more. The further we tried to get along just the worse we were going. It got so bad we got down over the axels.

The horses wanted food, fodder, we didn’t carry… the transports couldn’t come, you see, behind to follow us up. I think we tried the next day… we bogged down for the night anyhow – couldn’t do much about it. So I think we tried the next day.

We tried a dozen horses at first, the gun was 50 hundredweight: she was a lot to pull out of a deep marsh. But a dozen was not quite sufficient, so finally I think we done it with 22 horses. So of course that took us an all day’s job to pull ourselves out of it, until finally we got out.

Observation of enemy activity determined where gunners directed their fire.

British officer Kenneth Page recalled how this was arranged.

 Well the observation organisation at this time was that every battery had its day O.P. and during active operations it was invariably manned all day, or most of the day, by the battery commander.

He’d probably take a subaltern with him and give him a bit of relief and so on but by and large the B.C. lived at O.P. by day.

At night – when after all there wasn’t much to be seen – at night one had one brigade O.P. from dusk to dawn where there was nothing you could do except sit it out and hope that you didn’t see any S.O.S. rockets, or report them when you did.

Then every battalion in the line normally had a liaison officer, who spent the night with them again for communications purposes and in case they had an alarm, to call on artillery fire when wanted. During active operations you had the forward observation officer, the F.O.O.

 Aerial observation of enemy positions also took place. Pilot Alan Jackson was just one of those who carried out this key role.

You went up for an hour or an hour and a half, whatever time was allotted to you, with the object of spotting enemy guns firing. You looked out across the lines into enemy territory and, if a gun was operating, you’d see a flash and then smoke, white smoke, would be visible and you’d realise then that there was an enemy battery. On the map that you were carrying – a large scale map – you would make a note of the exact position. And during the period of that reconnaissance you might discover two or three batteries, and you did the same thing for each case.

Of course, the Germans were also carrying out their own aerial observation.

This meant there was an ever-present danger to serving in a gun battery, as E Stoneham – a howitzer battery commander – found out.

I remember once we were sitting in a dugout where we were being shelled and we learnt from our telephonist that a German aeroplane was observing for a German battery and directing its fire on to us. And after a few shells had fallen we found that when our telephonist received the signal from the German aeroplane, the signal which the German aviator was sending to his battery, it was an S.S.S. signal. As soon as that was received, it took 17 seconds for the shell to reach us. After that we knew exactly when the shells were coming and as soon as you got the buzz from the telephonist you had counted up to 17 seconds and of course the 17 seconds – crump – and the shell fell outside. Fortunately we were in a pretty good dugout. 

Artillery was employed in battle from the very first days of the war.

During the confusion of one of the earliest actions, at Mons in August 1914, A Gare served with the Royal Horse Artillery.

 We hadn’t been in action very long before the order came to move, which we did, we moved back again. And on our journey back, we went through a grove of trees which was being heavily shelled. In the midst of this shelling, we lost one gun – the lead horses and the ascent horses had been detached, leaving the wheel driver with his gun. When we got to this new position – we moved to a new position – we hadn’t been there very long before they asked for volunteers to go and recover the gun. The volunteers went and recovered the gun and they recovered it and brought it back and it went into position with the others. We hadn’t been in position very long before a voice behind the position shouted out, ‘Who hell put you there? Get out of it at once!’ which we eventually did.

One of the most important artillery jobs was counter battery work – trying to knock out the enemy guns. Royal Artillery officer S Goldsmith described how this worked.

Our job at that time was counter battery work. If there was a German battery in action, we had to engage it – helped at times by aeroplanes. But the weather was so bad, the planes couldn’t fly very often and we had to rely on visual observation from the ground. Well that was done by one of the junior officers in the battery which in most cases was me! We lost most of our young officers a very short time after we got there. That left just the captain and myself to fight the battery. So I often had to go up to Sanctuary Wood – which was as far as we could go for observation purposes – and get what information I could and control the fire from there. I went up with two telephonists who ran out wires as we went and they connected their telephones and communicated with the battery. Well it was all visual and it wasn’t very, very nice.

Another key role – particularly on the Western Front – was laying down lengthy bombardments on the enemy positions.

The preliminary bombardment before the Battle of the Somme was a notorious example of this.

 W Walter-Symons of the 57th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery, explained the purpose of it.

In a howitzer battery we were given daily programmes of destruction of earthworks; portions of trenches which had to be carefully ranged on and subsequently annihilated. The task was carried out each day and meanwhile, while the heavier guns were annihilating earthworks, the field artillery were very busy cutting the very dense wire protecting the German front line, endeavouring to cut paths through for our assaulting infantry at zero hour. We fired usually about 800 to 1,000 rounds per day.

It was not incessant; we had broken periods during the day. It took 12 men to man an 8-inch howitzer, the shell of which weighed 200 pounds and the matter of manpower and the preservation of manpower necessitated careful reliefs which took place approximately every four hours.

French artillery observer Henri Lacorne remembered the terrifying sights and sounds of being under such a bombardment during the Battle of Verdun in 1916.

You could see, especially at night in the dark, the light of the German guns and the light of the shells exploding. The noise was more terrific when a shell instead of exploding on the ground exploded in a tree. It made a tremendous roar. You could see clouds of black smoke from the explosions – coming from the explosions – and various colours from blue; the red; the yellow; the orange; any kind. It looked like fireworks. 

Artillery could be used to devastating effect against enemy troops.

But if the gunners fired short, their shells posed a lethal threat to the men of their own side too, as British bombardier William Muir discovered during the Battle of Vimy Ridge.

 I sent a signaller out in front of the wire; he went out and while he was out we were making do and have something to eat. Then, of course, our 18 pounders were firing short, you know, they couldn’t get the distance. They went as far as they could and they were still firing; the 18 pounder gunners were falling short among us.

And then we got the wind up because we didn’t know if one of us was going to get it and it wasn’t long before one of us got it. When he died he just fell forward in front of me and his head was blown off – the top of the head – and the blood drenched me with his blood.

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[1] The documents have been digitised as part of the National Library of Wales’ Cymru WW1 project and will be available on the People’s Collection Wales website.

[2] The Fort was decommissioned in the 1920’s and sold by auction at the Royal Hotel, Cardiff on 15th October 1931. The area was developed for housing after the war and virtually every trace of the fort has now disappeared. See:

[3] This is mentioned in several of the obituaries that were to appear in the Penarth Times in the years that followed.

[4] [Date required]

[5] Later in the war 113 Siege Battery was commanded by Major Frederick Charles Crouch, Mentioned in Despatches. He died of wounds on 2nd November 1917 and is buried in Bedford House Cemetery, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. He is the great-grandfather of Fiona Bruce the television newsreader and presenter and his story is told in an edition of the programme “Who do you think you are?” broadcast in 2009.

[6] We were told of this by Chris Hughes who has researched the stories of the members of Penarth RFC who fell.

[7] Now sadly enclosed within a storage area in the South Aisle and only accessible by special request

[8] 2nd Lieutenant Alexander Fauvel Whiteley Glamorgan RGA, 49th Siege Battery, killed 23rd July 1916 also buried at Peronne Road Cemetery and commemorated on St Augustine’s War Memorial.

[9] Gunner Frank Peachey Lewis , Glamorgan RGA and 113 Siege Battery, killed 18th July 1916, not on St. Augustine’s WM but on RGA Memorial, St John’s Church, Cardiff. Commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme

[10] Sergeant Frank Blackmore, 16th Cardiff City Battalion Welch Regiment, killed 10tyh July 1916 at Mametz Wood. Commemorated on the St. Augustine’s WM and on the Thiepval Memorial

[11] On a Field Service Post Card postmarked 15th July Jack had written “Bill Youde is wounded”

[12] Company Sergeant Major H S Bird of the 8th Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment died on 8th July 1916 and is buried in St Augustine’s Churchyard. He was the son of Frederick W Bird, 31 King St, Penarth. Sgt. Major Bird was decorated with the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

1 Grandfather of the broadcaster Fiona Bruce and subject of an episode of BBC’s “Who do you think you are?”

2 Glamorgan RGA

3 ditto

4 ditto

5 Glamorgan RGA. Penarth

6 Glamorgan GRA and Penarth. Jack Regan lived at 10A Maughan St

7 Mentioned in Jack Regan’s notes

8 Glamorgan RGA, mentioned in Jack Regan’s notes

9 Glamorgan RGA and Penarth

10 Glamorgan RGA and Penarth

11 Glamorgan RTGA

12 ditto

13 ditto

14 ditto

15 Glamorgan RGA and Penarth. Kath’s grandfather

16 From Penarth. Jack Regan was originally buried next to him

17 Glamorgan RGA

18 ditto

19 Glamorgan RGA

20 Mentioned in Jack Regan’s notes

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