Energy In Energy Out



Energy In, Energy Out Name___________

Energy is the currency not just of cells, but also of ecosystems. Living things need energy to maintain homeostasis and carry out their life functions. Most energy used by living things on Earth can be traced back to the sun (hydrothermal vent communities being an exception). Producers convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This energy is then passed on to 10 consumers, then 20 consumers, and 30 consumers. Decomposers can gain access to this energy at any trophic level. However, since organisms utilize energy to stay alive, each time energy is passed to another tropic level only about 10% of it is actually available to be passed on.

Although energy in measured in joules in the International System of Units, nutritionists and food scientists express food energy in calories (4.184 kJ = 1 kcal or 1 Calorie). In this activity you will attempt to track energy flow through your body and determine how the 1st and 2nd Laws of thermodynamics are applicable to your life.

Pick a meal from the Fast Food Menu Provided. Use the Nutritional Calorie Counter to fill in your Chart.

|Meal Choice: _________________________ |

|Ingredients: __________________________________________________________________ |

|Total Estimated calories from Fast| | _____ kcal |

|Food Menu | | |

|Total Fat g = | __________g |X 9kcal/g = | |= Calculated Fat Calories |

| | | |________kcal | |

|Total Carbohydrate grams = | |X 4kcal/g = | |= Calculated Carbohydrate calories |

| |__________g | |________kcal | |

|Total protein grams = | |X 4kcal/g = | |= Calculated Protein calories |

| |__________g | |________kcal | |

|Sum of calculated calories |(add column to the right) | |= Total Calculated calories |

| | |______kcal | |

Are your total estimated calories the same as your total calculated calories? _________

How can you account for any differences? ___________________________________

________________________________________________

Why can you get more calories from a gram of fat than from a gram of protein or carbohydrate? ____________________________

_______________________________________________

List the ingredients in your Fast Food Meal by placing them in

the appropriate part of the adjacent Energy pyramid.

Use the Activity Calorie Counter to determine what activities you would need to do in order to burn the calories you consumed in your meal: Use additional paper if necessary.

|Energy Burning Log |Your weight = |

| |(lbs) _______ |

|Activity |Calories/minute |# minutes |Total # Calories |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

| | X | =| |

Beef cattle produce about 19 kg of protein per acre per year while soybeans produce 200 kg/ac/yr (1kg = 2.2lb)

(Draw how many beef quarter pounders can be grown on 1 acre of land? (Show your work, use additional paper if necessary)

= 100 burgers

Draw how many soy quarter pounders can be ( grown on 1 acre of land? (Show your work, use additional paper if necessary).

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states: Energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. Lost energy is generally converted to heat. How does this help to influence the shape of energy pyramids? _______________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Knowing the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, how might we use our finite land resources to produce the maximum amount of food for humans?

______________________________________________________________________________________

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Homework:

Keep a 24 hour journal of all the foods you eat and all of the activities in which you engage. Check nutritional labels to calculate the calories that you have consumed. Record the time spent doing each activity. has a calorie counter and calories burned.

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics states: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can however be converted from one form to another. Does your energy input over your 24 hours match your energy output? Is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics met? Explain.

Extension Questions:

Why do you think nutritional values for meals include fat calories but not carbohydrate or protein calories?

The USDA recommends that adults Consume less than 10 percent of calories from saturated fatty acids keep total fat intake between 20 to 35 percent of calories, with most fats coming from sources of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats? (hint: think about where they come from, their phase at room temperature and the number of hydrogen bonds the have)

The recommended daily calorie intake for an adult is 2000 kcal. How did your calorie intake compare?

What happens if you consume more energy that you use in a day?

|Nutritional Calorie Counter |[|

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| Home : Burger King Menu |

|Activity |*60 lbs |*80 lbs |*100 lbs |*120 lbs |*160 lbs |

|Chopping & splitting wood |4 |5 |6 |7 |10 |

|Gardening: general |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |

|Gardening: weeding |3 |4 |5 |5 |7 |

|Mowing Lawn: push, hand |4 |5 |6 |7 |10 |

|Mowing Lawn: push, power |3 |4 |6 |7 |9 |

|Planting seedlings, shrubs, trees |3 |4 |5 |5 |7 |

|Raking Lawn |3 |3 |4 |5 |7 |

|Sacking grass/leaves |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |

|Sweeping: garage, sidewalks, outside of house |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |

|Trimming shrubs/trees: manual cutter |3 |4 |5 |5 |7 |

|Trimming: using edger, power cutter, etc. |2 |3 |4 |4 |6 |

|Watering plants, by hand |2 |2 |3 |3 |4 |

|Yard: applying seed/fertilizer, walking |2 |2 |3 |3 |4 |

|Yard: watering by hand, standing/walking |1 |1 |2 |2 |2 |

|Home & Daily Life Activities |

|Activity |*60 lbs |*80 lbs |*100 lbs |*120 lbs |*160 lbs |

|Child care: games, moderate, hop-scotch, jacks, |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |

|Sleeping |2.6 |0.64 |0.8 |0.96 |1.28 |

|Walking up stairs |6 |8 |10 |12 |16 |

| Gym Activities |

|Activity |*60 lbs |*80 lbs |*100 lbs |*120 lbs |*160 lbs |

|Aerobics: high impact |4 |6 |7 |8 |11 |

|Bicycling, Stationery: moderate, 150 watts |4 |6 |7 |8 |11 |

|Bicycling, Stationery: vigorous, 200 watts |6 |8 |11 |13 |17 |

|Calisthenics: vigorous, jumping jacks, push-ups, sit-ups, pull-ups |6 |8 |10 |13 |

|Ski Machine: general |4 |6 |7 |8 |11 |

|Stair Step Machine:without supporting bodyweight on hand rails |7 |9 |11 |14 |

|Stretching: mild, yoga |2 |2 |3 |3 |4 |

|Weight Lifting: light, free weights, nautilus or universal-type |2 |3 |4 |5 |

|Weight Lifting: vigorous, free weight, nautilus or universal-type |5 |6 |7 |10 |

|Training & Sport Activities |

|Activity |*60 lbs |*80 lbs |*100 lbs |*120 lbs |*160 lbs |

|Basketball: shooting baskets |3 |4 |5 |5 |7 |

|Billiards (pool) |2 |2 |3 |3 |4 |

|Bicycling: bmx or mountain |5 |7 |9 |10 |14 |

|Bicycling: 12 - 13.9 mph, leisure, moderate effort |5 |6 |8 |10 |13 |

|Bicycling: 14 – 15.9 mph, racing, fast, vigorous |6 |8 |10 |12 |16 |

Adapted from University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Activity Calorie Calculator: and



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2o consumer

producer

1o consumer

3o cons.

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