Brian Su 2021 ent.com

[Pages:30]Brian Su Sr. Project Manager

2021.03

K E Y AT T R I B U T E S O F 5 G

? 5G NR Signal Description ? A revolution from LTE-A ? Key challenges

? Bandwidth ? mmWave frequency ? # subcarriers ? Implementation of 256

QAM and MIMO

Frequency Transmission Bandwidths (CC) Sub Carrier Spacing Maximum number of Subcarriers Carrier Aggregation

Waveform & Modulation

MIMO

Frequency Range 1: 450 MHz ? 6000 MHz Frequency Range 2: 24.25 to 52.6 GHz FR1: 5 to 100 MHz FR2: 50 to 400 MHz FR1: 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz FR2: 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz

3276 (up to 4096 FFTs)

Up to 8 carriers, maximum BW of 400 MHz (FR1) and 1200 MHz / 1600 MHz (FR2)

? CP-OFDM (UL/DL): QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM

? DFT-s-OFDM (UL): /2-BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM

Up to 8 layers in downlink, up to 4 layers in the uplink

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INCREASING THE NEEDS OF MANAGING COMPLEXITY

? Sub6 first with a complexity ? New bands adds more components and sub-system RFFE modules ? Increasing bandwidth drives ET/DPD to shift chipset customer's IP

? mmW emerging test ? Conducted multiport test on beamformer IC ? Fast automated measurement on CW

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More integration with more bands

More CCA

Tx

Image from Qorvo app note ? "Solving Network Congestion with Carrier Aggregation"

SW

Ant

mmW TR module

SW

Filters

SW

SW

Rx Out

Rx MIMO

Out

Rx MIMO In

TRx

? Multiple IC dies integrated into one chip with multiple functions to be evaluated.

? More test items, longer test time in both DVT and manufacturing.

? CCA 100 MHz x 2 (sub6), x8 (mmW) contiguous bandwidth

? Higher isolation needed for better s/n between each band

? Extremely wide bandwidth. Signal fidelity of the measurement more and more challenging with mmW frequency

? Target EVM level of DUT close to the residual EVM of the test system

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E H T: E X T R E M E LY H I G H T H R O U G H P U T

? TGbe Target Throughput 30Gbps ? Key enhancements for high throughput, low latency, high reliability...

? Wider bandwidth: up to 320MHz; and more efficient utilisation of noncontiguous spectrum ? Higher order modulation: up to 4096QAM ? Increased spatial streams, 16 SS ? OFDMA. Allow more than one RUs to be assigned to a single STA ? Multi-band operation: 2.4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz ? Multi-AP coordination / Multi-link operation ? HARQ ?...

? Timeline

? Current draft: D0.4 ? Expected to be finished in 2023

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SW

SW

Tx path

Ant PA

Tx1

Tx2

LNA Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4

Rx path

Ant PA

Tx1

Tx2

LNA Rx1 Rx2 Rx3 Rx4

SW

SW

SW

SW

SW Filters

SW Filters

? PA Gain ? Nonlinear characteristics (P2/3dB compression,

P1dB/Pmax vs Freq, IP3 versus frequency) ? WB modulation characteristics EVM, ACPR, Harmonics ? Leakage, spurious ? Efficiency ? S-parameters (Mismatch, gain, phase, isolation)

? Gain ? Nonlinear characteristics (IIP3 and P1dB) ? Noise figure ? Spurious ? S-parameters

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Characterization

Design Verification test

Manufacturing test

Workflow challenges

? Performance, wider bands ? Design complexity, multiple bands

? ET/DPD algorithm owned by ? Lower test cost

chipset vendors

? Increase test paths

Test challenges

? Wideband signal generation ? Faster measurement

& analysis

computation

? Allowing customer's IP

? MTG test speed ? Correlation with DVT

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Step 1 is to generate stimulus waveform (such as LTE, LTE-A, 802.11ac or multi-standard radio).

Step 2 is to measure the RF PA input and RF PA output, as independent physical measurements

Step 3 is to extract DPD model. This step also needs synchronization, delay adjustment etc.

Step 4 is to apply DPD model, and capture DPD + PA response Step 5 is to verify the full DPD system performance

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