Allen Independent School District / Overview
Corrections Continued Early jail conditions16 people in a 12 x 12 cellPrisoners provided their own food and medical needsCould buy: alcohol, food, privileges, and cell spaceIndigents had to work for their keepMen, women, and children were all housed togetherSick and healthy housed togetherNo heat, no plumbing, no adequate sleeping or living spaceMany deaths from sickness and starvationReforms: The Walnut Street Jail1790 law passed by the Pennsylvania legislature______________ physical facilities________________food and water at public expense_________________ of men, women, and childrenProhibited “buying” better treatmentDebtors and the mentally ill separated from the criminal populationOrphans were moved to ___________________ buildingsPrison life at The Walnut Street Prison Prisoners __________________, but were paid for laborEarned early release for _______________behaviorAttempted to _______________prisonersBecame overcrowded Conditions deteriorated and costs skyrocketedEastern State Penitentiary Built in _________________Cost $500,000 to house 250 prisonersMost expensive building in the new worldFirst in the country to have flushing toilets and hot-air heatingDesigned as a ____________________, not a jail or prison__________________ – a correctional institution based on the concept that inmates can change their criminality through reflection and penitenceIndividual cellsMust become ___________________ at a skill for use after releaseExpected to read the Bible when not working or exercisingUse of the “________________________”Maximum security, walled, and self-containedCells 12 x 7.5 and had a windowWorking, exercising, eating, and sleeping all performed in the prisoner’s __________________The Auburn SystemBuilt in 1816 – ____________________, maximum securityCells 7’x 4’, 7’ high, back to back, 5 tiers located in the center of the building inside “__________________________”Cells poorly lit, no fresh airInmates moved to other locations in the ____________for work, exercise, and eatingThe _____________ system was used, but hard to enforceCorporal punishment used for violationsMarched from place to placeShort haircutsDistinctive ______________________First use of _____________________ confinementPrison industries (the prison was self-sufficient)The Prototype American PrisonSouthern Penal System____________________ lease system was implemented after the end of slaveryConstruction work, factory work, agricultural workVery poor work and _____________ conditionsWorked _________________ hours a dayOften lived in cages, and discipline was brutalThe origin of “_______________________”The 1930 Prison Farm System replaced the lease systemInmate labor used to _______________________ prisons and other profit industriesUsed _______________ as __________________ and supervisors to cut costsArkansas and Texas brought about U.S. Supreme Court decisions on the 8th amendmentPrison Reforms1930s laws prohibited the sale of inmate goodsPrisons began supplying products to the government (license plates)Between 1950 and 1966, over 100 riotsIn September 1971, 43 inmates died in the Attica State Prison riotIn February 1980, 36 died in New Mexico riots1980s – the US Supreme Court decided that inmates could sue overLiving conditionsMedical treatmentInmates’ rightsPrison policies_______________ – a short-term, multipurpose holding facility that serves as a gateway for the criminal justice systemJails holdDefendants ___________________________ trialDefendants convicted of misdemeanorsThe mentally ill pending movement to a health facilityLocal, state, federal, and military prisonersAdults of both gendersJuvenilesConvicted prisoners______________________WitnessesMost awaiting trial or _____________________Punishment Range for jailClass _______________ Misdemeanor a fine up to $500 (ticket)cannot be arrested speeding or open containerClass ________________Misdemeanor up to 180 days in jail, and a $2,000 fineClass ________________Misdemeanor up to 1 year in jail, and a $4,000 fineCounty JailsOver _________________ local and county jailsVary in size from less than 50 to more than 7,000Population has more than doubled since 1983Very few ____________________ jailsState Prisons___________________ – correctional institutions for prisoners convicted of feloniesExtended sentencesSeparated inmates by sexArchitecture reflective of gender biasTop 10 Highest Incarceration RatesCalifornia163,001Texas157,997Federal145,416Florida71,319New York70,198Michigan47,718Ohio45,833Illinois45,281Georgia44,232Pennsylvania36,847Punishment Levels for prison State Jail Felony (SJF) ______________days to 2 years, and a $10,000 fine 3rd Degree2-10 years, and a _______________fine2nd Degree2-20 years, and a $10,000 fine 1st Degree____________________ (life), and a $10,000 fineCapitalDeath Life without Parole State Prison Security Levels_____________________ SecurityHave few physical barriers to escape, and many programs for inmates______________________SecurityFortress-like, walled, self-contained institutions that offer inmates education, vocation, and rehabilitationMaximum Securityprisons for inmates at high risk of escape, or who are dangerously violent to other inmates or staffAdministrative ____________________solitary confinementinmates are kept in single cells 23 hrs a day. They are allowed a shower and _______________ hour of recreation per day.Private jails and prisons________________________ facilities run by private security companiesContracted by counties at lower costLess programsLess training, lower pay, and conditions often below state standardsEscapes and assaults carry smaller penaltiesDefine Habeas Corpus: ................
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